基础落实
Ⅰ.高频单词思忆
1.The machine is driven by e .
2.A great many houses were d in the
earthquake and many people became homeless.
3.The hurricane left the whole city in r .
4.It t my coat in the car door when I
got out of the car.
lectricity
estroyed
uins
rapped
Unit 4 Earthquakes
5.He b into the room without knocking. 
6.Many men were (埋葬) underground
when the accident at the mine happened.
7.It is an area where natural (灾
难) often happen.
8.The firemen (援救) the boy from
the burning house. 
9.Teachers have (表达) concern
about the emphasis on testing.
10.I (祝贺) them all on their
results.
urst
buried
disasters
rescued
expressed
congratulated
Ⅱ.重点短语再现
1. 结束；终结
2. 照常
3. 掘出；发现；找出
4. 作为……而闻名
5. 被……覆盖
6. 轻视；看不起
7. 为纪念……
8. 以……为骄傲
9. 放弃
10. 从……判断
at an end
as usual
dig out
be known as
be covered by
think little of
in honour of
be proud of
give up
judge from
1 .Thousands of families were killed and many
children were left without parents.成千上万
个家庭遇难，许多孩子失去了父母。
此处leave表示“ ”，
其后通常接复合宾语，即宾语加形容词、过去分
词、现在分词、介词（短语）等作宾语补足语。
考点提炼
使处于……状态
3.Workers built shelters for survivors whose
homes had been destroyed.工人们为那些家园遭
受破坏的幸存者建了住所。

是定语从句。关系代词whose引导定语从句时，
whose在从句中充当定语，whose指人，也可指物。
考点提炼
whose homes had been destroyed
4.The army organized teams to dig out those
who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队
组织人员挖出被困者，掩埋死者。
the dead意为“ ”。“ ”
常表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词要用
形式。
5.The man was sleeping downstairs when the
earthquake happened.当地震发生的时候，这个
人正在楼下睡觉。
此处when为并列连词，意为“
”，前面分句常用 时态。
考点提炼
死者
the+形容词
复数
考点提炼
正在这
时/那时
进行
导练互动
重点单词
1.ruin
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city
lay in .(回归课本P26)
观察思考
The bank stepped in to save the company
from financial ruin.
银行的介入使这家公司免于经济崩溃。
My new shoes got ruined in the mud.
我的新鞋被泥浆给糟蹋了。
ruins
归纳总结
ruin
。
be in ruins成为废墟
be the ruin of成为……毁灭（堕落）的原因
bring sb.to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产
come/fall to/into ruin毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏
掉
ruin oneself自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉
n.毁坏；毁灭；崩溃；v.（使）破产；
（使）堕落，毁灭
易混辨异
destroy,ruin,damage,break,spoil
(1)destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破
坏，毁坏”，程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的东
西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。
（2）ruin亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的
力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的
意思。
（3）damage是程度较小的“破坏，损坏”，一般指
被破坏的物品可以重新修复。
（4）break是“破坏，打破，打碎”的意思。它表
示的范围极广，程度也不一。可用于有形的东西，
如石头、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于无形、抽象的东
西，如法律、沉默、魔力、习惯等。
（5）spoil破坏，糟蹋，其重点在于破坏事物原先
的结构、和谐性，使事物不再具有原先的特点，宾
语常是景致、食欲、计划等。
即学即用
（1）大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。
The heavy rain . 
（2）多年的战事已使伊拉克满目疮痍。
Years of fighting has left Iraq .
ruined our holiday
in ruins
3.burst
In the city,the water pipes in some
buildings cracked and .(回归课本P26)
观察思考
The excellent performance of Chinese
competitors at the 29th Beijing Olympic
Games caused bursts of applause.
在第29届北京奥运会上，中国队队员的精彩表现
赢得了阵阵掌声。
She was bursting to tell him the good news.
她急不可待要把好消息告诉他。
burst
归纳总结
burst
。
burst out突然迸发；爆发
burst out doing sth.（=burst into+n.）突
然……起来
be bursting to do sth.渴望；急着要做（某事）
burst in/into闯进，突然破门而入
burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/
乐不可支
vt.& vi.（使）爆裂；（使）裂开；（使）炸
开；突然出现；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发
即学即用
（1） John working hard his lost
time,his mother burst laughing.
A.Seen;to keep up with;into
B.Seeing;to make up;out
C.Having seen;to catch up with;into
D.On seeing;to make up for;out
（2）She into tears the moment she knew
she had failed that exam.
A.burst B.broke
C.shocked D.cried
D
A
4.shock
People were .(回归课本P26)
观察思考
I was shocked at the news of her death.
我听到她的死讯十分震惊。
I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。
The news of his death was a shock to us.
他的死讯令我们震惊。
shocked
归纳总结
shock
。
with/from shock由于震惊
a shocking accident令人吃惊的事故
come as a shock to sb.令某人大吃一惊
in a state of shock惊魂未定
suffer from shock休克
be shocked at对……感到吃惊
be shocked to do深感意外地去做
n.打击；震惊；vt.& vi.使震惊；
使惊愕；使触电
即学即用
（1）他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。
The news of his wife’s death was
him.
（2）看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。
He her smoking.
a terrible shock to
was shocked at
5.judge
Your speech was heard by a group of five
,all of whom agreed that it was the
best one this year.(回归课本P30)
观察思考
We judge that he is the best candidate.
我们认为他是最佳人选。
The judge demanded silence in the courtroom.法官要求法庭上要安静。
judges
归纳总结
judge
。
(1)judge sb./sth.from/by...从……来判断
judge between right and wrong判断是非
as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为
judging by/from从……上看；根据……判断
Don’t judge a book by its cover.勿以貌取人；
勿只凭外表判断。
(2)Judgement n.判断；审判；意见；判断力
in one’s judgement依某人看来，按某人的看法
v.断定；判断；判决；n.裁判员；法官；
评判员
即学即用
（1）我不能断定他是对还是错。
I whether he is right or
wrong.
（2）由天色看来，可能会放晴。
,it
may clear up.
can’t judge
Judging from the look of the sky
重点短语与句型
6.at an end
It seemed as if the world was !
(回归课本P26)
观察思考
The war was at an end.战争结束了。
Everything between them was at an end.
他们之间的一切都已结束。
at an end
归纳总结
at an end意为： 。
come to an end vi.结束（用作谓语）
bring/put sth.to an end vt.结束；制止
at the end of在……尽头（末）（指时间或空间）
by the end of到……末为止（与现在完成时连用）
by the end of last...（与过去完成时连用）
by the end of next...（用于将来完成时）
in the end最后，终于（作状语）
on end连续
to the end到底
without end没完没了的
结束，终结
即学即用
（1）这一年已到年终了。
The year is .
（2）会议结束了。
The meeting .
at an end
came to an end
7.the number of
people who were killed or
injured reached more than 400,000.
(回归课本P26)
观察思考
The number of the students standing outside
is about twenty.
有大约20个学生站在外面。
The number of students from the north is
small.
来自北方的学生人数很少。
The number of
归纳总结
the number of意为： 。
表示“许多，若干”的短语：
（2）many a+(single)n.+单数谓语动词
……的数量
（1）
a large/great/good number of
a great/good many
a good few/quite a few
+(pl.)n.
（3）
a great/good deal of
a great/large amount of
quite a little
Large amounts of
+［U］n.
注意 （1）a number of+(pl.)n.作主语，谓
语动词用复数，表示“许多，大量”。
(2)the number of+(pl.)n.作主语，谓语动词用单
数，表示“……的数量”。
(3)large quantities of+(pl.)n./［U］n.作主
语，谓语动词用复数。
a lot of/lots of
a great/large quantity of
large quantities of
plenty of
（4）
+(pl.)n./［U］n.
(4)large amounts of+［U］n.作主语，谓语动词
用复数。
A number of problems have arisen.
已经出现了一些问题。
We have had an enormous amount of help from
people.
我们得到了人们的大力帮助。
即学即用
（1） children whose parents had died in
the earthquake sent to live with
families in other cities.
A.A great number of;was
B.A great number of;were
C.The great number of;was
D.The great number of;were

B
（2）The number of students in our school
about 30,000 and them study
hard.
A.is;a large amount of
B.are;a number of
C.are;large amount of
D.is;a large number of

D
8.give out
...gas that hot water (回归课本P28)
观察思考
Students were giving out leaflets to
everyone in the street.
学生们在向街上每一个人发传单。
The red radiator gives out a lot of heat.
那个红色的散热器放出大量的热。
My money will give out soon.我的钱快要用光了。
gives out
归纳总结
give out意为： 。
give sth.away赠送；颁发；泄露
give back归还；恢复
give off发出，放出
give over停止，中止
give on to/onto sth.朝向，面向；通向
give up放弃
用完；发出，分发
即学即用
（1）The gas gave an unpleasant smell.
A.off B.in C.up D.away
（2）Don’t mention that at the beginning of
the story,or it may the shocking
ending.
A.give away B.give out
C.give up D.give off

A
A
9.Farmers noticed that the well walls had
deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came
out of the cracks.In the farmyards,the
chickens and even the pigs were too
nervous to eat.农民们注意到水井的井壁上
有深深的裂缝。一股臭气从裂缝里冒出。农家
大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。
典例体验
reply,he stared at the floor.
他眼睛盯着地面，紧张得答不上来。
It is never give up our prejudice.
抛弃偏见永远也不会太晚。
Too nervous to
too late to
归纳总结
too nervous to eat意思为“
”。其中的too...to...结构，表示“太……
以致于不……”。关于too...to...句式的用法：
（1）too...to...太……以致于不……
（2）too...to...与not或never连用时，不定式为
肯定意义。not/never too...to...,意为“并不
太……所以能……”。
It is never too late to mend.
亡羊补牢，未为晚也。
（3）too...to...前面有only,but,all时，only
too,but too和all too相当于very,后面的不定式也
表示肯定。
太紧张而不能吃
东西
I’m only too pleased to help you.
很荣幸能帮助你。
We shall be only/but too delighted to have
you with us.
能和你们在一起我们将感到非常高兴。
（4）当too...to...用来修饰表示态度，情绪，倾
向等的形容词（如anxious,eager,glad,happy,
pleased,ready,willing)时，不定式为肯定意义。He was too eager to know the result of his
examination.
他迫切想知道考试的结果。
即学即用
(1)The box was (太
重了，我搬不动). 
(2)I’m
(太累了，什么也想不起来) now.
(3)I am
(想作一次环球旅行).
too heavy for me to lift
too tired to think of anything
too eager to travel around the world
10.It seemed as if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
典例体验
they know what they’re doing.
他们好像知道他们正在做什么。
The whole house to be empty.
整座房子似乎空荡荡的。
It seems that
seemed
归纳总结
It seems (to sb.) that/as if...意为：
，as if后边可用 语气。
seem to be/like+n....似乎……，好像……
seem to be doing sth./to have done sth.好像
正在做/已经做了某事
seem (to be)+n./adj.似乎是……
There seems to be...好像有……
（对某人
来说）似乎……
虚拟
即学即用
（1）他们一直仿佛是要结婚似的。
they would get
married. 
（2）我大概把书忘在家里了。
my book at home.
It always seemed as if
I seem to have left
11.Then,later that afternoon,another big
quake which was almost as strong as the
first one shook Tangshan.接着，在下午晚
些时候，又一次强度几乎和第一次一样的地震
在唐山爆发了。