第一单元知识点
1 know about
了解……情况
你对传染疾病了解多少？
what do you know about infectious disease?
有些事我想了解一下
there is something I want to know about
know of
听说过
I know of it, but i didn't know it well.
2. explain
explain sb sth (F)
explain sth to sb (T)
表示“向某人解释某事”时，sb.前必须使用介词to，即explain to sb sth=explain sth to sb。Eg.  He explained the outline of his plan to us. explain的名词为explanation。
3. characteristic=feature
A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.
4. pass sth from… “从…处传来，传下“
pass by 路过，经过…
pass down 把…传下来
pass on 传递，传授
1.The tradition is ________their ancestors.
2. This spirit should be passed ______ from generation to generation.
3. Pass the letter ___ to the person next to you .
4. So many people pass ___ and never notice
the change.
1.passed from 2. down 3.on 4.by
5 Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法?
the way of doing sth.= the way to do … “做…..的方法”
她给我们示范清洗它的办法.
She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.
the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用that;可以用in which;还可以省略.
※I don't like the way __ you speak to your father.
与way相关的短语:
by the way 顺便说,顺便问一下
by way of …通过……的方法
lose one’s way 迷路
no way 没门，别想
feel one’s way 摸黑走，谨慎从事
on one’s way to …在去……的路上
in this way=by this means=with this method 用这种方法
6 put forward=come up with
He put forward a plan at the meeting.
They put forward the date of their wedding by one week.
知识延伸：put away 收好
put down 记下;镇压
put on 穿上
put off 耽误;延期
put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火)
put up 建立;张贴
put up with=can’t stand 忍受，容忍
7 conclude
Those are the facts ; what do you conclude from them ?
那些都是事实,你能从中得出什么结论?
Conclude (from sth) that （从某事）得出结论
The teacher concluded the class by one sentence.
老师以一句话总结了这节课。
draw / reach/ come to/arrive at a conclusion
得出结论
我得出结论你在说谎
I came to/drew /reached the conclusion that you were lying.
in conclusion总而言之，总之
Conclude (from sth) that （从某事）得出结论
The teacher concluded the class by one sentence.
老师以一句话总结了这节课。
draw / reach/ come to/arrive at a conclusion
得出结论
我得出结论你在说谎
I came to/drew /reached the conclusion that you were lying.
in conclusion总而言之，总之
8. defeat
defeat the English troops.
打败了英国军队
He defeated the champion in three sets
※win / beat /defeat
win “赢得，获胜” 后接奖品，奖金，名誉，财产
beat “击败，战胜” ，后接竞争队伍或者对手，敌人
defeat “击败，战胜” ，后接竞争队伍或者对手，敌 人，（此用法同beat）; 疾病等
1.Mary _____ the first place in the competition.
2. Our school _______________ their school at football.
3. I ________________John at chess yesterday.
win
beat / defeated
beat / defeated
9 expert
expert 专家；高手；权威。
an agricultural expert 农业专家
expert 也可以作形容词，“熟练的；老练的；经验（或知识）丰富的”
an expert rider 熟练的骑手
Sophie learned to cook Chinese food with the help of expert chefs.
内行厨师
10 attend
(1)to be present at 出席,到场. 如:
attend school 上学
attend a lecture 听讲座
attend church 去教堂
attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼
(2)to take good care of (a sick person, for example)照看,照料.如:The doctor attended (on / upon) the patients.
(3)to deal with
I have some important things to attend to.
(4)to pay attention to
If you don’t attend to the teacher, you will never learn anything.
11 expose ···to···
切勿将小孩曝晒。
Don’t expose the baby to the burning sun.
The broken car was exposed to the wind and rain
接触
she tries to expose students to art and music
12 cure .v/n 治疗，治愈
Cure sb of sth
This medicine can cure you of your cough/headache
A cure for···治疗···的方法
Is there a certain cure for AIDS yet?
Treat。v/n 治疗，请客，招待
The doctor was busy（in) treating an old patient
It is my treat
14 control---controlled;controlling
He can’t control his anger/temper
lose control of… =
be (go) out of control
The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.
The car was out of control and ran into a wall.
in control of…= in charge of…(主) 控制、掌管
under the control of…（被）在···控制、掌管之下
Mr. Brown is in control of the money.=
The money is under the control of Mr. Brown.
Bring/get sth under control 抑制；使……受控制
Chinese population policy gets the population of China under control.
15 suggest
（1） 建议；
I suggested （our） going to the park on Sunday.
He suggested leaving early for the airport.
（2）---that 从句 （虚拟语气）
I suggested that he （should） give up smoking.
我建议他戒烟。
The chairman suggested the meeting be put off until next week.
主席建议会议延迟到下周举行。
2 imply 暗示，表明
Her pale face suggested that she was ill badly and I suggested she be sent to hospital without delay.
Her expression suggested pleasure.
他面露喜色。
I suggest that everyone ____
A couldn’t tell lies
B told lies
C not tell lies
D didn’t tell lies
The officer commanded that everyone passing by ____ that day
A search
B would be searched
C be searched
D must be searched
Her pale face suggested that she ___ ill badly and I suggested she ____ to hospital without delay.
A be; should be sent
B was; be sent
C be; was sent
D was; was sent
16. absorb吸收，吞并，兼并
The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.
Absorb……into
The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.
Absorb a company吞并公司
※be absorbed in=be buried in= be lost in=be devoted to=concentrate on
The boy was so absorbed in the computer games that he didn’t realize his father came.
17 severe
be strict with sb=be severe with sb
He is severe with himself.
A severe attack of toothache.
He has a severe pain in his leg.
18 blame
be+动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于must, should, ought to 等。 如：
Who is to be responsible for this?
You are not to drop litter in the park.
公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。
Be to blame 该受责备(不能用于被动语态）
be to blame (for sth.)
I am to blame for our losing the game.
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
It is Mr Lee who is to blame.
blame sb. for sth.= blame sth, on sb.
Do you blame him for the accident?
Do you blame the accident on him?
look into=Investigate
Who will look into this matter together.
20 link…to... 把…与…连接；联系 如：
Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.
指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。
be linked to 连接 如：
The two towns are linked by a railway.
21 announce v. to make sth known publicly
The captain announced that the plane was going to land.
机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。
Warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.
23 instruct
Instruct sb to do sth
He instructed me to deliver it to a customer.
他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。
be under construction.
正在建设之中
contribute
He contributed generously to the Red Cross.
Make a contribution to/towards + n/pron/v-ing（to)为介词
Your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.
你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。
Carelessness Lead　to = result in = bring about= account for= cause= contribute to the serious traffic accident.
知识延伸：Devote to ;
pay attention to;
object to;
stick to;
look forward to
Lead to
be/get used to在这些短语中，to 均为介词，后面接名词、代词 或v-ing.
25 apart from
apart from 除…之外，此外
in addition= besides= what’s more 除此之外, 也， 另外
除了……之外(没有) but , except,
除了……之外(还有) besides, in addition
除了……之外(没有)还可以表示除了……之外(还有)apart from
We could see nothing but/except endless sands there.
I won’t buy the book, for it’s too dear. Besides/ in addition, it’s not much of use for me
Apart from being short, Tom is smart. 除了个子矮了点，Tom还是挺帅气的。
Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time. 除了花费钱以外，它还需要不少时间。
There was an earthquake. In addition/ besides, there were tidal waves(海啸）
Apart from an earthquake, there were tidal waves
He speaks French in addition to/besides/apart from English.
26 make sense
我认为这个句子不通
I don’t think the sentence makes sense.
make sense of 理解，弄懂
Can you make sense of this telegram? 你看得懂这电报的意思吗？
Make no sense 没有道理，毫无意义
be strict with sb. 对某人严格=be hard on sb
Father is always strict with his sons. 父亲对子女经常要求严格。
比较：be strict in sth. 对某事物要求严格
Teachers are strict in students’ homework. 老师对学生的作业要求严格。
be enthusiastic for / about/ over sth 对某事很热情 be cautious about sb/sth 对某人/某事谨慎
take up a new career 从事一项新的职业
make room for 腾出空间
point of view 态度，观点，看法
positive反义词negative
be similar to
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak
每次爆发（霍乱）时， 就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
这是由名词词组every time 充当连词的时间状语从句意味着“每当”，相当于when , 故本句可变为
So many thousands of terrified people died when there was an outbreak.

解析：某些表达时间的名称词组可直接充当连词，即“名词连词化现象”
常见的有：
1 不定代词+time 如：many time , each time
2 介词加time.如：by the time.
3 序数词加time如：the first time. last time,
4 the 加瞬时名词。如：the minute, the moment, the instant
5 the加时间名词。如：
The day, the night, the month,
The time.
6 immediately/instantly/ directly
例句：She demands sweets from me any time she sees me.
She is always excited with tears full of her eyes at the time She is speaking of her past
She demands sweets from me any time she sees me.
She is always excited with tears full of her eyes at the time She is speaking of her past
The first time he did the experiment ,he succeeded
I will give him your message the minute he arrives
He bought a computer the day he got his salary
Get 的用法大全
get interested in…
get 系动词
get annoyed
get changed
get separated与------走散了
get lost迷路
get excited 对……激动
get burnt被烧伤
If you play with fire, you get burnt
玩火者必自焚
2) get sb. to do…
Would you please get a porter（搬运工） to carry my cases?
3) Get sth. Done
I am now going to get my watch repaired.
2) get sb. to do… / have sb. do
I have got LiMing to turn off the water.
Would you please get a porter（搬运工） to carry my cases?
3) Get sth. Done
You must get your homework done before watching TV.
I am now going to get my watch repai