Unit 1 Great scientists
必修五
第一部分
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熟记单词
1. (v.)检查
2. (vt.& vi.) 推断出，结束
3. (vt.) 分析
4. (vt.& n．) 打败；战胜，使受挫；失败
5. (vt.) 出席，护理，照顾，参加
6. (vt.) 暴露，揭露，使曝光
7. (vt.& n．) 治愈，治疗；痊愈
8. (v.) 控制
examine
conclude
analyse
defeat
attend
expose
cure
control
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9. (vt.) 吸收，吸引；使专心
10. (vt.& n) 责备，谴责；过失，责备
11. (adv.) 立即
12. (n.& v．) 把手；处理，操纵
13. (vt.& vi.) 贡献，捐献，捐助
absorb
blame
immediately
handle
contribute
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14. (v.) 完成
15. (vt.) 拒绝，抛弃，不接受
16 . (n.) 特征，特性
17. (adj.) 严重的，严厉的，剧烈的
18. (adj.) 积极的，肯定的，确实的
19. (adj.) 热情的，热心的
20. (adj.) 小心的，谨慎的
complete
reject
characteristic
severe
positive
enthusiastic
cautious
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翻译词组
1．得出结论
2．提出
3．另外
4．除……之外，此外
5．对……严格的
6．将……和……联系或连接起来
draw a conclusion
put forward
in addition
apart from
be strict with
link...to...
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7．导致
8．讲得通，有意义
9．无缘无故
10．减慢
11．肯定地
12．使显露，暴露
13．就我认为
lead to
make sense
without reason
slow down
with certainty
expose...to
from my point of view
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背诵句型
1．The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas
floated around until it found its victims.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
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一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
[例句仿写]　The first isn’t good，and neither is the second.
第一个不是好的，第二个也不好。
2．It seemed that the water was to blame.
看来水是罪魁祸首。
[例句仿写]　It seems that he is lying.
看来他在撒谎。
巧学活用
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1. conclude vt.& vi.　断定，推断；使结束，终止；达成，缔结
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conclude sth.with sb.就某事与某人达成协议
(2)conclusion n．结束，结论
in conclusion最后，总之
arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论
come to the conclusion that...所得结论是……
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即境活用
1．完成句子
(1)Let me ________________________________(用一句谚语结束我的演讲)：where there is a will，there is a way.
(2)After waiting for half an hour，I ______________________________________(得出结论，他不会来了)．
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(3)__________________(最后)，I would like to thank you for your coming to meeting.
(4)These are facts：____________________________(你从中得出什么结论)?
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(5)Britain ____________________________________(与中国签署了一项贸易协定)．
答案：(1)conclude my speech with a saying　(2)concluded that he wouldn’t come at all　(3)In conclusion　(4)what do you conclude from them　(5)concluded a trade agreement with China
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2. defeat vt.　打败；战胜；使受挫　n．　失败
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defeat，beat，win
这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但用法不尽相同。
(1)defeat和beat都可接sb.作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat还可用于指战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。
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(2)win后接sth.，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb.时表示“争取某人”。
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即境活用
2．完成句子
(1)Zhang Yining
____________________________ (艰难地战胜了李佳薇)in the 29th Olympics.
(2)The problem ______________ (把我难住了)and I can’t solve it.
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(3)The party ____________ (面临失败)in the election.
答案：(1)defeated Li Jiawei with difficulty　(2)has defeated me　(3)faces defeat
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3．用defeat/beat/win的适当形式填空
(1)He ________ all his opponents in the election.
(2)Mary ________ the first prize for swimming.
答案：(1)defeated/beat　(2)won
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3. expose vt.　暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临
(1)expose sth./sb./oneself (to...)
显露或暴露某事物/某人/某人自己
(2)exposed adj.(指地方)无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的
be exposed to暴露于……
expose...to使显露，使暴露
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即境活用
4．完成句子
(1)Don’t __________________________(把你的婴儿暴露在阳光下)．
(2)The liquid ________________________(不可暴露在空气中)，for it will soon evaporate.
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(3)The film ________________(已经曝光了)．
(4)We want to ______________________________(让孩子们受到艺术和文化的熏陶)．
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(5)The more one ____________________________________________(受英语环境的影响)，the better he or she will learn the language.
答案：(1)expose your baby to the sun　(2)is not to be exposed to air　(3)has been exposed　(4)expose the kids to art and culture　(5)is exposed to the Englishspeaking environment
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4. attend vt.　出席，照顾，护理，参加
(1)attend a meeting参加会议
attend school/class上学/上课
attend a lecture /a movie听演讲/看电影
attend on/upon sb.伺候某人，照顾某人
attend to处理；注意倾听，专心于；照料
(2)attendance n．出席，到场；出席人数
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attend，join，take part in
(1)attend 一般指参加会议、婚礼等；也可指上学、听报告等。
Mr.Wang attended our class meeting.
王老师参加了我们的班会。
(2)join通常指加入某个组织，成为其中的一员；或用于句型join sb.in doing sth.表示参与某项正在进行的活动。
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He joined the Party in 1950.
他在1950年入了党。(成为一名党员)
(3)take part in常指参加一些群体性的、大型的、严肃的活动或体育活动。
She was invited to take part in a TV debate.
她被邀请参加一场电视辩论。
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即境活用
5．完成句子
(1)All children between the ages of 5 and 16 __________________(必须上学)．
(2)I may be late—I have got one or two things to ________________(要处理)．
(3)He ________________ (参军)when he was 19.
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(4)She often ________________________ (参加运动会)in middle school.
答案：(1)must attend school　(2)attend to　(3)joined the army　(4)took part in sports meeting
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5. blame vt.　责备；谴责；把……归咎于n．过失；责备
(1)blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人
blame sth.on sb.把某事怪到某人头上
be to blame应受责备
(2)get/accept/bear/take the blame for...对……负责
lay/put the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上
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即境活用
6．完成句子
(1)她把婚姻的触礁归咎于他。
She ________ him ________ the failure of their marriage.
(2)别想赖我！
Don’t go trying to ________ it ________ me!
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(3)如果有人该承担责任，那就是我。
If anyone ________________，it’s me.
(4)她自己把过错承担下来。
She __________________ herself.
答案：(1)blamed；for　(2)blame；on　(3)is to blame(4)took the blame on
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7．用介词on/for填空
(1)The driver was not to blame ________ the accident.
(2)People often blame their misfortune ________ others.
(3)He stole the money but he’s trying to put the blame ________ me.
答案：(1)for　(2)on　(3)on
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6. absorb vt.　吸引，吸收，使专心于
(1)be absorbed in doing sth.专心做某事
absorb...into...把……吸收进……
(2)absorbed adj.全神贯注的，一心一意的
absorbent adj.可吸收的，容易被吸收的
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即境活用
8．完成句子
(1)A sponge ______________(吸水)．
(2)The little girl __________________________(全神贯注地阅读着一篇故事)．
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(3)Every time I passed his office，I saw him __________________(全神贯注地工作)．
答案：(1)absorbs water　(2)was absorbed in reading a tale(3)absorbed in his work
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7. contribute vt.& vi.　捐款；贡献；捐助
(1)contribute...to...把……贡献给……
contribute to...导致……；向……投稿；有助于……
(2)contribution n．贡献；捐款；稿件
make a contribution to...对……作出贡献
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即境活用
9．完成句子
(1)All the people in our school ____________________________________________(向四川灾区捐献了东西)．
(2)Various factors ________________________(导致了他的倒台)．
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(3)She __________________________ (经常投稿)a physics journal.
(4)Many people ______________________________(给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱)，which ________________________________(使他重新回到了校园)．A writer wrote a story about it and ____________________________(把它投到了报社)．
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答案：(1)contributed something to the disaster areas in Sichuan　(2)contributed to his downfall　(3)contributes regularly to　(4)contributed money to the poor boy；contributed to his returning to school；contributed it to a newspaper
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8. put forward　提出，建议；推荐；将……提前
put aside节省，储蓄，储存
put away放好，积蓄
put back放回，拨回
put down记下，镇压
put in放入，加进
put off延期，推迟
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put on穿上，演出
put out熄灭，扑灭
put through接通电话
put up举起，张贴，公布，挂起，建造
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即境活用
10．完成句子
(1)She ______________________________ (提出了一些建议)for educational reform.
(2)把表拨快5分钟。(汉译英)
________________________________________________
答案：(1)put forward some good proposals　(2)Put the clock forward by five minutes.
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11．用put back/put forward/put aside/put off/put out/put up的适当形式填空
(1)Many tall buildings were ______________ in our city.
(2)With the help of the firefighters，the big fire was ______________ soon.
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(3)He has little money to __________________________ for a rainy day.
(4)Don’t ____________________ until tomorrow what can be done today.
(5)The plan that you ________________ at the meeting is very good.
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(6)My watch is fast；it needs ________________ by five minutes.
答案：(1)put up　(2)put out　(3)put aside　(4)put off(5)put forward　(6)putting back
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9. apart from　除……之外；此外
(1)除……之外(都)(＝except/except for)
(2)除……之外(还)；此外(＝besides)
(3)与apart相关的短语：
take...apart将……拆开
tell A and B apart分辨出A与B
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即境活用
12．完成句子
(1)This essay is good ____________________________________(除了有些拼写错误)．
(2)__________________________(除了偶尔去探望一下孩子们)，what does Alan do for his kids?
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(3)I often ________________________ (拆卸旧玩具车)when I was a child.
答案：(1)apart from a couple of spelling mistakes(2)Apart from the occasional visit　(3)took some old toy cars apart
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10. make sense　有意义，讲得通
make sense of理解，明白
make no sense 没有道理；没有意义
in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不是，决非
There is no sense in doing sth.
做什么没有道理/没有必要
a sense of humor/direction/beauty/duty
幽默感/方向感/美感/责任感
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即境活用
13．完成句子
(1)She doesn’t talk much，but what she says __________(言之有理)．
(2)Can you ______________________(听懂他说的话)?
(3)____________(在一定意义上)，learning the law is like learning a new language.
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(4)________________________________________(没必要再跟他说了)．You’re wasting your breath.
答案：(1)makes sense　(2)make sense of what he said　(3)In a sense　(4)There’s no sense in talking to him any more
专题突破锦囊
文章主旨(1)
一段结构完整的段落是由一些表达同一思想的句子通过一定的语法手段组织起来的基本意义单位。段落的主要思想是段落中最主要的部分。有时从一开始就可以看出来作者希望读者通过本材料能够了解些什么；有时则需要从字里行间去领会和推断。这类试题包括对于标题(title)或主旨大意(main idea)的判断选择，有时也会以“...mainly about...”一类的形式出现。这类题主要考查考生领会大意和归纳、概括的能力。
突破语法填空
专题突破锦囊
常考题型：
1．What does the text mainly tell us?
2．What would be the best title for the text?
3．What is the purpose of the text?
4．The passage is mainly about________.
5．The text is mainly to explain________.
6．What is mainly discussed in the text?
专题突破锦囊
从文章首句或首段确定全文主旨
一般来说，短文中第一段首句往往是文章中心思想的表达处，主题句置于段首，既有利于作者展开思路，又有助于考生把握作者的思路，开门见山，一目了然。
专题突破锦囊
As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows，there is far more to a family meal than food.Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more.
The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to________.
A．show the relationship between parents and children
专题突破锦囊
B．teach