Unit 1
Great scientists
基础知识自测
一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出单词。
1. ___________ [5hAndl] n. 柄；把手v. 处理
2. ___________ [E5nauns] vt. 宣告；通知
3. _____________ [i5mi:djEtli] adv. 立即；马上
4. ___________ [kEn5klu:d] vt. &vi. 结束；推断出
5. ___________ [ri5pi:t] vt. &vi. 重复；重做
6. ___________ [kjuE] n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 痊愈
7.___________ [iks5pEuz] vt. 暴露；揭露
8. ___________ [vju:] n. 看法，见解；景色
9. ___________ [E5diFEn] n. 增加；加
10. ___________[5bAkwEd] adv.& adj. 向后地
handle
announce
immediately
conclude
repeat
cure
expose
view
addition
backward
11.__________ [strikt] adj. 严格的，严密的
12. __________ [ri5dVekt] vt. 拒绝
13. __________ [bleim]v. 责备； 谴责 n.过失；责备
14. __________ [kEm5pli:t] adj. 完成的 vt. 完成，结束
15. __________ [kEn5trEul] vt.&n. 控制；支配
16. __________ [5vaiErEs] n. 病毒
17. __________ [E5tend] v. 看护；照料；出席；参加
18. __________ [5endVin] n. 发动机；引擎
19. __________ [di5fi:t] vt. 击败；战胜 n.失败
20. __________ [in5strQkt] vt. 通知；指示；教导
instruct
strict
reject
blame
complete
control
virus
attend
engine
defeat
二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Wilson__________ Jason by about a meter and won the race at last.
2. Keep indoors and don’t__________ your skin to the sun, or you’ll get sunburned.
3. The other day Henry lost__________ of himself and hit his wife, but later he made an apology to her.
4. After thinking long hard about it, we’ve c__________ that the right decision is to move to Chicago.
5. By a__________ the parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.
defeated
expose
control
conclude
analysing
6. The c_______________ I like best in her is her modesty and kindness.
7. A__________ in her papers, she didn’t notice my coming.
8. The result of this examination will be____________ (宣布) tomorrow.
9. Apart__________ the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.
10. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led__________ the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.
to
characteristic
Absorbed
announced
from
三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The news was so____________ (inspire) that all of us were___________ (inspire).
2. We must prevent the water from_________________ (pollute).
3. We should study hard and be ready to make greater ______________(contribute) to our country in the future.
4. He did not show any________________ (enthusiastic) for our new plans.
5. The May 4th______________ (move) of 1919 is very important in the history of China.
inspiring
inspired
being polluted
contributions
enthusiasm
Movement
6. There was a large______________ (attend) at the meeting.
7. There used to be a kind of what was called “literature of _____________(expose)” in the 1980’s in China.
8. The arrival of canals was of great_____________ (valuable) to many industries.
9. He is very cautious about committing himself to anything while his brother is very____________ (cautious).
10. He took a step backward in order to take three steps________________ (backward).
attendance
exposure
value
incautious
forward
四、词语互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。
1. _______________ 蒸汽机
2. ______________ 提出
3. _________________________ 得出结论
4. ______________ 也；另外
5. ______________ 将……和……连接起来
6. ______________ 除……之外；此外
7. ______________ 对……严格
8. ______________ 通向；导致
9. ______________ 有意义；说得通
steam engine
put forward
draw/ make a conclusion
in addition
link… to…
apart from
(be) strict with
lead to
make sense
10. point of view ______________________
11. cure sb. of a disease____________________
12. attend (on) sb. _______________________
13. make up _________________________
14. the way _________________________
15. come to an end ______________________
16. take up __________________________
17. know about _______________________
18. look into _________________________
态度；观点
治愈某人嫉病
看护/ 照料某人
和解；化妆/ 装；虚构（故事等）
道路；方法；程度
结束；完成
开始从事；占据
知道；了解
调查；研究
五、词组运用
词组填空 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一个适当的词组并用其适当的形式填空。
1. Several important plans___________________ at yesterday’s meeting.
2. _____________, the children were taught how to play the piano.
3. Differences of opinion__________ heated discussion.
4. Thank you very much for the information, Sir and I’ll get one of our detectives to__________ the matter.
were put forward
In addition
led to
look into
翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选出一个恰当的词组完成句子。
5. 在经过了长期的繁荣之后， 这个家族最终走向灭亡。
After a long period of prosperity, the family
_____________________.
6. 除了沉溺于电脑游戏， 他似乎无事可做。
______________ his being addicted to the computer games, he seems to have nothing to do.
7. 这段不知所云的文章读起来很费劲。
The paragraph which doesn’t____________ is hard to read.
came to an end
Apart from
make sense
句子翻译 从上述短语中选出一个恰当的短语翻译下列句子。
8.你在国外时，是哪些好心人在照料你呀？
_____________________________________________________________________________________________?
9.他擅长编故事。
____________________________________________.
10.五十岁时，他开始从事一门新的职业，对于这个职业他一直梦寐以求。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________.
He began to take up a new career at the age of fifty,
which he had been dreaming of.
Which kind people were attending (on) you when
you were abroad?
He is good at making up stories.
六、语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
John Snow was 31__________ well-known doctor in London in 32__________ 19th century. He wanted to find the cause of cholera in order to control 33__________. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information. He marked on a map where all the 34__________ (die) people had lived 35__________ he found that many people 36_____________ had drunk the dirty water from the water pump died. So he decided that the 37___________ (pollute) water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply 38________________ examined and new methods 39__________ dealing with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was 40_____________ (defeat).
a
the
it
dead
and
who/ that
polluted
(should) be
of
defeated
Expressions & phrases
know about…
lift up
steam engine
physical characteristic
put forward
6. infectious disease
7. in scientific research
8. setting out a new scientific idea
9. draw a conclusion
10. analyse the results
11. a well-known doctor
12. ordinary people
13. expose (…)to sth.
14. the most deadly disease
15. terrified people
16. become interested in sth./doing sth
17. absorb sth. into…
18. gather the information
19. determine to do sth.
20. a valuable clue
21. the water pump
22. be to blame
23. link … to … (be linked to…)
24. have it delivered (have sth. done)
25. die of…
26. announce with certainty
27. polluted water
28. prevent sb. from doing sth.
29. deal with…
30. solve the problem
31. apart from
32.be strict with
33. make sense
Language points for Warming up
1. explain
explain sb. Sth.
explain sth. to sb .
2. characteristic n./adj.
Some genetic ~s are not obvious.
The two groups of children have quite different ~s.
Forgetfulness is often ~ of aged people.
(T)
(F)
特有的,典型的
pass sth from… “从…处传来，传下“
pass by 路过，经过…
pass down 把…传下来
pass on 传递，传授
1.The tradition is __________ their ancestors.
2. This spirit should be passed ______ from generation to generation.
3. Pass the letter ___ to the person next to you .
4. So many people pass ___ and never notice the change.
passed from
down
on
by
3.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法?
the way of doing sth.= the way to do … “做…..的方法”
She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法.
the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用that;可以用in which;还可以省略.
I don’t like the way _______________ you speak to your father.
我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式.
与way相关的短语:
by the way
by way of …
lose one’s way
no way
feel one’s way
on one’s way to…
in this way=by this means=with this method
(that/ in which)
用这种方法
顺便说
通 过……的方法
迷路
(俚语) 没门,别想
摸黑走,谨慎从事
在去…的路上
4.Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论?
put forward
(1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出(建议等)
(2)推荐某人或自己任职位;提名
我能否提名你当我们的班长?
May I put your name forward as our monitor?
The match has been put forward to 1:30.
比赛已经提前到一点半举行。
put away 抛弃;舍弃
put down 写下来;记入名单;
put on 穿上;戴上;增加
put off 耽误;延期
put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火)
put up 建立;建造
put up with… 忍受……
You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please ______ the books when you’ve finished with them.
A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off
conclude: v. 作结论，断定
The jury concluded that he was guilty.
陪审团认定他有罪。
to conclude: 总而言之，总之
To conclude, I want to thank you for your help.
conclusion: n. 结论
得出结论
arrive at
draw
come to
｝
a conclusion
defeat v./ n.
1.He defeated the champion in three sets.
2.His words completely defeated me.
3.The Party faces defeat in the election.
击败，战胜
使困惑
win / beat /defeat
win “赢得，获胜” ，后接奖品，奖金，名誉，财产
beat “击败，战胜” ，后接竞争队伍或者对手，敌人
defeat “击败，战胜” ，后接竞争队伍或者对手，敌人，（此用法同beat）; 疾病等
Language points for Reading 1
1.Mary _____ the first place in the competition.
2. Our school _______________ their school at football.
3. I ________________John at chess yesterday.
won
beat / defeated
beat / defeated
1. John Snow was a famous doctor in London-so expert, indeed, that be attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
约翰.斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生----他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫.
expert 专家；高手；权威。
an agricultural expert 农业专家
an expert with the computer 电脑高手
expert 也可以作形容词，“熟练的；老练的；经验（或知识）丰富的”
an expert rider 熟练的骑手 an expert opinion 内行的意见
(2)to take good care of (a sick person, for example)照看,照料.如:
医生照看病人.
The doctor attended (on / upon) the patients.
(3)to be present at 出席,到场. 如:
attend school 上学
attend a lecture 听讲座
attend church 去教堂
attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼
attend v.
(1)to take care; give attention 注意,留意. 如:
We’ll attend to t