必修 5高考复习
Unit 1
Great scientists
Ⅰ.高频单词必记
1． vt.　　　　　　分析
2． vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫
n. 失败
3． vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加
4． vt.& n. 治愈；痊愈；治疗
5． n. 挑战
vt. 向……挑战
analyse
defeat
attend
cure
challenge
6． vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
7． vt. 认为；怀疑
n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
8． vt. 责备；谴责
n. 过失；责备
9． n. 柄；把手
vt. 处理；操纵
absorb
suspect
blame
handle
10． vt.& vi.结束；推断出→ n．结论；
结束
11． vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→ adj.无遮蔽的；
无保护的；风险高的
12． vt.污染；弄脏→ n．污染
conclude
conclusion
expose
exposed
pollute
pollution
13． vt.宣布；通告→ n．通知；宣告
14． vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→
n．捐献；贡献；捐助
15． vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→ n．拒绝；抛弃
announce
announcement
contribute
contribution
reject
rejection
1．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光
expose...to 使显露；暴露
expose sb.to sth./sb.is exposed to sth.(使)某人受到某事的威
胁/影响
运用
完成句子
(1)对那些受到 HIV 威胁的人，我们不应该看不起他们。
To those who _________________________， we should not
look down upon them.

(2)长时间暴晒在太阳底下对你是有害的。
It's harmful to _________________________ for a long time.
are exposed to HIV
expose yourself to the sunlight
2．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出
conclude (sth.) with...用……结束(某事)
conclude...from...从……中推断出……
conclude to do sth./that-clause 决定做某事/得出结论……
conclusion n．结论；结束
draw/come to a conclusion 得出结论
运用
完成句子
(1)会议将以国歌结束。
The meeting will ________________ the National Anthem.

(2)从这些事实中你可推断出什么？
What do you ________________ these facts?

(3)我们决定帮助任何有困难的人。
We ________________ help anyone that is in trouble.

(4)他根据这个理论得出了结论。
He ___________________________ according to the theory.
conclude with
conclude from
conclude to
drew/came to a conclusion
3．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加；陪伴

attend sth.出席；参加

attend to sth.注意；关心；仔细考虑

attend on sb.看护/照料/照看某人
运用
完成句子
(1)有很多人出席了会议。

The meeting was well ________________.

(2)如果你工作不专心，你就不会成功。

If you don't ______________ your work, you won't succeed.

(3)简多年来一直在照料她那有病的母亲。

Jane has been ______________ her sick mother for years.
attended
attend to
attending on
4．defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n．失败
辨析
defeat/beat/win
(1)defeat 的宾语是人或集体，尤指在战场上打败敌军或入
侵者。
(2)beat 的宾语是人或集体，指在游戏或比赛中打败或战胜
对手。
(3)win 表示“赢得”时，其宾语多为 game, war, prize, match,
battle 等词，一般不接人作宾语。
运用
完成句子
(1)失败让他沮丧。
He was depressed by ________________.

(2)他们在战争中打败了敌人。
They ________________ the enemy in the battle.

(3)上个星期天我们在比赛中打败了他们。
We ________________ them in the game last Sunday.

(4)我们篮球队最终赢得了这场比赛的胜利。
Our basketball team finally __________________ the match.
his defeat
defeated
beat
won
5．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃
辨析
reject/refuse/decline
(1)reject 指拒绝不适当、不满意或延误的事物，如赠物、
求婚、忠告、计划、建议等。
(2)refuse 其后可接名词或代词，主语可以是人或物，表示
拒绝要求、申请、引诱、忠告、帮助等。
(3)decline 指委婉地拒绝。
运用
完成句子
(1)银行拒绝了他的贷款申请。
The bank ________________ his application for the loan.

(2)她昨天拒绝了他的求婚。
She ______________ his marriage proposal yesterday.

(3)这个盲人笑着婉拒别人帮他过马路。
The blind man smilingly ________________ to be helped to

cross the street.
refused
rejected
declined
6．blame vt.责备；谴责；归咎
n．过失；责备；责难
blame sb.for (doing) sth.责备某人(做了)某事
blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上
be to blame (for...) 应受谴责；该承担责任
take the blame for 承担……的责任
lay/put blame on 把……归咎于
运用
完成句子
(1)因为和弟弟打架，大家都责备这个男孩。
Everyone ________ the boy ______ fighting with his brother.

(2)不能把一切错误都归咎于他。
We can't ________ the mistakes ________ him alone.

(3)男子汉大丈夫，一人做事一人当。
A man should have the courage to ________________ what

he does.

(4)是鸡蛋使他肠胃不适。
The egg ________________ for his stomach upset.
blamed for
blame on
take the blame for
was to blame
7．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助
contribute...to...把……捐给或贡献给……
contribute to (doing) sth.有助于(做)某事
contribution n.贡献
make contributions/a contribution to (doing) sth.对(做)某事做
出贡献
运用
完成句子
(1)我们捐钱给地震的受害者。
We ____________________ the victims of the earthquake.

(2)我确信你的建议将有助于解决问题。
I'm sure your suggestion will ____________________ solving

the problem.

(3)科学家们为我们祖国做出了很多贡献。
Scientists have ________________________ our motherland.
contributed money to
contribute to
made great contributions to
用所学单词及用法完成下列句子

1．诚实是他的特性。
Honesty is ________________ him.
2．附近的化工厂污染了这条河流。
The chemical factory nearby has ___________ the river.
3．他接受了他朋友的挑战——游过那条河。
He _________________________ to swim across the river.
4．从以上的事实中，我们不难得出结论：财富并不等于幸
福。
From the above facts, it is easy to ______________________
that wealth is not equal to happiness.
characteristic of
polluted
accepted his friend's challenge
draw/come to a conclusion
5．期末考试的成绩已公布。
The result of the final examination _____________________.
6．他过去的经验使他有办法处理好这件事情。
His past experience qualified him to ________________.
7．她拒绝了他的邀请。
She ____________ his invitation.
8．他们在足球比赛中光明正大地赢了我们。
They ___________ fairly and squarely in the football match.
9．我相信充足的新鲜空气有助于健康。
I'm sure plenty of fresh air ________________ good health.
10．这部照相机能够和电脑连接起来。
This camera can ______________ a computer.
has been announced
handle the affair
rejected
defeated us
contributes to
be linked to
Ⅱ.重点短语必背
1． 　　　　　 提出
2． 得出结论
3． 使显露；暴露
4． 将……和……联系或连接起来
5． 除……之外；此外
put forward
draw a conclusion
expose ...to
link ...to ...
apart from
6． 讲得通；有意义
7． 对……严格的
8． 应受谴责
9． 面对挑战
10． 导致
make sense
(be) strict with ...
be to blame
face a challenge
lead to
1.put forward 提出；推荐，提名；提前，把(时钟)往前拨

put oneself/sb.forward as 自荐/提名或推荐某人为某职位的
候选人
put sth.forward 提出；提前，把(时钟)往前拨

put away 把……放好/收好

put off 推迟；延迟

put out 熄灭
put up 建立；建造
put down 写下来，记入名单；抑制；镇压
put on 穿衣服
put through 做成；接通电话
put up with 忍受
运用
完成句子
(1)他提出了一个新计划。
He ________________ a new plan.

(2)我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的行为的。
I don't know how his parents ________________ his behavior.

(3)今天可以享受的事情，不要拖到明天去。
Do not __________ till tomorrow what can be enjoyed today.
put forward
put up with
put off
2．apart from 除……之外； 此外

表示“除……之外，还有(包括在内)”的有： apart from，

besides， in addition to

表示“除……之外(不包括在内)”的有：except， except for，

apart from
运用
完成句子
(1)除了一些小的纰漏外，这项工作做得很好。

The work is good ____________________ a few slight faults.

(2)除了名单上的名字之外，还有六个申请人。

_____________________________ the names on the list,

there are six other applicants.
except for/apart from
Apart from/In addition to/Besides
3．(be) strict with sb.对某人严格的
be strict in sth.对某事严格的
运用
完成句子
胡老师对工作要求严格，对我们学生也严格要求。
Mr.Hu is _____________ his work and is also ____________

us students.
strict in
strict with
用所学短语及用法完成下列句子
1．他刚才所说的很有意义，我认为我们都应该认真想想他
的建议。
What he said just now ________________ ， and I think we
should take his suggestions seriously.
2．当老年人暴露在被污染的空气或水中，他们很可能会生
病。
When the aged people ____________________ polluted air or
water, they are likely to get sick.
made sense
are exposed to
3．除了结局，这个电影确实不错。
____________________ the ending, it is a really good film.
4．我希望老师对我们的学习严格要求。
I hope the teachers __________________ us _____ our study.
5．以我的观点看，一个人不练习说英语就不能把它学好。
From my _________________， one can't study English well
without practicing speaking it.
Apart from/Except for
are strict with in
point of view
6．在会上你应该提出自己的观点。
You are supposed to ___________ your own idea at the
meeting.
7．从地图上，你可以看到与这个岛屿相连的其他岛屿。
From the map, you can see other islands _________________
_______________ this one.
put forward
linked to/connected to/
joined to
原句 1
So many thousands of terrified people died every
time there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人在恐惧
中死去。
every time 在此引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”。
类似地， immediately， the moment， instantly 等也可以引导
时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
精练
根据中文提示，完成下列句子
(1)每次我去找他，他都在专心看书。
________________ I went to see him, he was absorbed in

reading.

(2)我一见到她就把这本书给了她。
I gave the book to her _______________________________

I saw her.
Every time
the moment/immediately/instantly
原句 2
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar
system with the planets going round it and only the moon still

going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而
行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球在一直围绕着地球转。
“with＋宾语＋现在分词”复合结构常在句中作状语。
精练
根据中文提示，完成下列句子
(1)当你步入校园，在你面前是一个种着各种花草的大花
坛。
When you enter the school, you can see in front of you a big

flower bed ____ various kinds of flowers and grass ____________.

(2)他骑着车呼啸而过，而他车篮中的小狗却安静地坐着，
毫无惊慌之色。
He cycled past quickly, _____________________ in his cycle

basket without any scare.
with growing in it
with a dog sitting quietly
3【原句】John Snow was a well-known doctor in Landon－( and he was) so famous, indeed (插入语), that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.
[模仿要点]两个简单句合并成一句，很好地运用了插入语和符号来压缩句子。
【模仿1】. 张老师是个热心的老师，他那么善良我想当他的学生生病时他一定乐意帮助他们的。
__________________________________________________________________________________
【模仿2】李平是我们班一位用功的学生。他那么勤奋我想晚上不到11点他不会上床睡觉的。
__________________________________________________________________________________
Mr. Zhang is a warm-hearted teacher in our school—so kind, I think/ I believe/ I suppose/ I dare say (插入语), that he is sure to help his students when they are ill.
Li Ping is a hard-working boy in my class－so diligent, I suppose, that he never goes to bed until 11 at night.
2【原句】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.
[模仿要点] 冒号加that从句
【模仿1】虽然她不相信别人说的话，可她所收集的证据得出这样的结论：她的男朋友骗了她。
______________________________________________________________________________