Unit 1
Great scientists
1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?
B. Archimedes
C. Thomas Edison
A. Charles Darwin
2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?
A. Marie Curie
C. Charles Darwin
B. Gregor Mendel
3.Who invent the first steam engine?
A. Thomas Newcomen
C. Thomas Edison
B. Archimedes
4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.
A. Thomas Edison
C. Archimedes
B. Gregor Mendel
5. Who discovered radium?
A. Marie Curie
C. Newton
B. Zhang Heng
6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?
A. Stephen Hawking
C. Thomas Edison
B. Archimedes
7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?
A. Gregor Mendel
C. Marie Curie
B. Leonardo da Vinci
8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?
A. Sir Humphry Davy
C. Faraday
B. Thomas Newcomen
9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?
A. Charles Darwin
C. Watt
B. Zhang Heng
10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?
A. Stephen Hawking
C. Copernicus
B. Archimedes
Speaking activity
Discuss in groups of four, which field do you want to contribute yourself to in the future? One takes down the groupmates’ opinions, after that ,report the groupmates’ opinions to the whole class.
Speaking (3m)
基础知识自测
一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出单词。
1. ___________ [5hAndl] n. 柄；把手v. 处理
2. ___________ [E5nauns] vt. 宣告；通知
3. _____________ [i5mi:djEtli] adv. 立即；马上
4. ___________ [kEn5klu:d] vt. &vi. 结束；推断出
5. ___________ [ri5pi:t] vt. &vi. 重复；重做
6. ___________ [kjuE] n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 痊愈
7.___________ [iks5pEuz] vt. 暴露；揭露
8. ___________ [vju:] n. 看法，见解；景色
9. ___________ [E5diFEn] n. 增加；加
10. ___________[5bAkwEd] adv.& adj. 向后地
handle
announce
immediately
conclude
repeat
cure
expose
view
addition
backward
11.__________ [strikt] adj. 严格的，严密的
12. __________ [ri5dVekt] vt. 拒绝
13. __________ [bleim]v. 责备； 谴责 n.过失；责备
14. __________ [kEm5pli:t] adj. 完成的 vt. 完成，结束
15. __________ [kEn5trEul] vt.&n. 控制；支配
16. __________ [5vaiErEs] n. 病毒
17. __________ [E5tend] v. 看护；照料；出席；参加
18. __________ [5endVin] n. 发动机；引擎
19. __________ [di5fi:t] vt. 击败；战胜 n.失败
20. __________ [in5strQkt] vt. 通知；指示；教导
instruct
strict
reject
blame
complete
control
virus
attend
engine
defeat
二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Wilson__________ Jason by about a meter and won the race at last.
2. Keep indoors and don’t__________ your skin to the sun, or you’ll get sunburned.
3. The other day Henry lost__________ of himself and hit his wife, but later he made an apology to her.
4. After thinking long hard about it, we’ve c__________ that the right decision is to move to Chicago.
5. By a__________ the parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.
defeated
expose
control
conclude
analysing
6. The c_______________ I like best in her is her modesty and kindness.
7. A__________ in her papers, she didn’t notice my coming.
8. The result of this examination will be____________ (宣布) tomorrow.
9. Apart__________ the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.
10. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led__________ the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.
to
characteristic
Absorbed
announced
from
三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The news was so____________ (inspire) that all of us were___________ (inspire).
2. We must prevent the water from_________________ (pollute).
3. We should study hard and be ready to make greater ______________(contribute) to our country in the future.
4. He did not show any________________ (enthusiastic) for our new plans.
5. The May 4th______________ (move) of 1919 is very important in the history of China.
inspiring
inspired
being polluted
contributions
enthusiasm
Movement
6. There was a large______________ (attend) at the meeting.
7. There used to be a kind of what was called “literature of _____________(expose)” in the 1980’s in China.
8. The arrival of canals was of great_____________ (valuable) to many industries.
9. He is very cautious about committing himself to anything while his brother is very____________ (cautious).
10. He took a step backward in order to take three steps________________ (backward).
attendance
exposure
value
incautious
forward
四、词语互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。
1. _______________ 蒸汽机
2. ______________ 提出
3. _________________________ 得出结论
4. ______________ 也；另外
5. ______________ 将……和……连接起来
6. ______________ 除……之外；此外
7. ______________ 对……严格
8. ______________ 通向；导致
9. ______________ 有意义；说得通
steam engine
put forward
draw/ make a conclusion
in addition
link… to…
apart from
(be) strict with
lead to
make sense
10. point of view ______________________
11. cure sb. of a disease____________________
12. attend (on) sb. _______________________
13. make up _________________________
14. the way _________________________
15. come to an end ______________________
16. take up __________________________
17. know about _______________________
18. look into _________________________
态度；观点
治愈某人嫉病
看护/ 照料某人
和解；化妆/ 装；虚构（故事等）
道路；方法；程度
结束；完成
开始从事；占据
知道；了解
调查；研究
五、词组运用
词组填空 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一个适当的词组并用其适当的形式填空。
1. Several important plans___________________ at yesterday’s meeting.
2. _____________, the children were taught how to play the piano.
3. Differences of opinion__________ heated discussion.
4. Thank you very much for the information, Sir and I’ll get one of our detectives to__________ the matter.
were put forward
In addition
led to
look into
翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选出一个恰当的词组完成句子。
5. 在经过了长期的繁荣之后， 这个家族最终走向灭亡。
After a long period of prosperity, the family
_____________________.
6. 除了沉溺于电脑游戏， 他似乎无事可做。
______________ his being addicted to the computer games, he seems to have nothing to do.
7. 这段不知所云的文章读起来很费劲。
The paragraph which doesn’t______________ is hard to read.
came to an end
Apart from
make sense
句子翻译 从上述短语中选出一个恰当的短语翻译下列句子。
8.你在国外时，是哪些好心人在照料你呀？
_____________________________________________________________________________________________?
9.他擅长编故事。
____________________________________________.
10.五十岁时，他开始从事一门新的职业，对于这个职业他一直梦寐以求。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________.
He began to take up a new career at the age of fifty,
which he had been dreaming of.
Which kind people were attending (on) you when
you were abroad?
He is good at making up stories.
六、语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
John Snow was 31__________ well-known doctor in London in 32__________ 19th century. He wanted to find the cause of cholera in order to control 33__________. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information. He marked on a map where all the 34__________ (die) people had lived 35__________ he found that many people 36_____________ had drunk the dirty water from the water pump died. So he decided that the 37___________ (pollute) water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply 38________________ examined and new methods 39__________ dealing with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was 40_____________ (defeat).
a
the
it
dead
and
who/ that
polluted
(should) be
of
defeated
Grammar
一、过去分词作定语
1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。
eg：a lost animal 一只迷路的动物
a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票
an injured finger 一个受伤的手指
a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币
a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。
e.g.：spoken English 英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起来的太阳
the advanced countries 发达国家
drunken man 一个醉鬼
a returned student 一名留学生
a retired teacher 一名退休教师
an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯
by-gone days 过去的岁月
2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义。
e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!
我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊
I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth．
我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。
e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular．
鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses.
1） He told us of the great wrong done to him.
= He told us of the great wrong ___________________________ to him.
which had been done
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。
2） The United States is a developed country.
= The United Stated is a country ______________________ .
which has developed
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。
3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there?
= Have you noticed the bridge
______________________ there?
which is being built
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。
二、过去分词作表语
1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。
e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．
听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。
You seem frightened.
你似乎受了惊吓。
2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。
e.g.：This shop is now closed．
这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)
This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday．
这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）
Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.
1. 丢了钱他自责不已。
He ______________ about losing the money.
2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？ Why do you always _______________ ? Do you sleep well these days?

3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。
I _____________________ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better.
got blamed
look so tired
was disappointed with
4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。 Everybody ____________to hear the death of the famous film star．
5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。
The children ______________________ going to the zoo．
6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.
His wound ___________________ a new virus．
was shocked
are re