必修5 Unit 1
grammar
[例句展示]
仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。
1. The recovered animals will be released soon.
2. We needed much more qualified workers.
过去分词作定语
3. Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples.
4. He is a teacher loved by his students.
5. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
[自我归纳]
1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在________之前发生，已经完成并具有____意义（见句1）。此时，作定语的过去分词一般是由_____动词变来的，因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。
谓语动作
被动
及物
2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词 _____（见句1、句2）。____________ 作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个________（见句3、句4、句5）。
之前
过去分词短语
定语从句
[拓展]
1. 不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如：fallen leaves落叶；retired workers退休工人；the risen sun升起的太阳。
2. 如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如：
There is nothing changed here since I left this town.
3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。如：
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.
[辨析] 过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别：
动词-ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，表示动作正在进行；而过去分词作定语时，则表示被动或完成意义。如：
Mr Smith, tired of the boring speech, started to read a novel.
The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses paid vacation to China.
[例句展示] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。
1. The street is lined with small shops.
2. Tom was astonished to see his father.
[自我归纳]
过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成____结构，表示主语的性质、特征和____。
过去分词作表语
系表
状态
[辨析]
1. 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态和特征，而被动语态则表示动作。如：
The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.
The library is now closed.
2. 过去分词作表语与动词-ing形式作表语的区别：过去分词作表语表示被动或完成，动词-ing形式作表语表示主动或进行。如：
She was embarrassed because she didn’t know the answer.
Today’s meeting was boring.
3. 有些动词如interest, worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来说明人的情况，用动词-ing形式来说明物的情况。如：
The book is interesting and I’m interested in it.
[强化训练]
从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。
1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tied D. tied
2. The Emperor’s New Clothes is an ______ text. All of us are ______ about it.
A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited
C. excited; exciting D. exciting; excited
3. With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried
C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried
4. —I’m very ______ with the dish I cooked. It looks nice and smells delicious.
—Mm. It does have a ______ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant
5. I have read plenty of books ______ by Lu Xun.
A. written B. wrote
C. writes D. writing
6. His nephew, ______ at sea when he was fifteen, had been his only relative.
A. losing B. loses
C. lost D. being lost
7. They had beef and ______ for supper.
A. smoking fish B. fish smoking
C. fish to smoke D. smoked fish
8. She asked if there was anything _______ for tonight.
A. to plan B. planned C. that plans D. planning
用以下单词的正确形式填空：
worry, interest, arrive, frighten, continue,
concern
1. I’ll be __________ to hear what he has to say.
2. The mayor said that he was ________ about the ________ rise of the water level in the river bed.
interested
worried
continued
3. Recently ________ soldiers are helping
to take the victims to safe areas from
the flood.
4. Most of the newspaper seems to be
__________ with pop stars.
5. He was _________ of going alone into
the empty house.
frightened
concerned
arrived
1. Linda worked for the Minnesota
Manufacturing and Mining Company,
______ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known
高考链接
B
解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
2. The disc, digitally ________ in the
studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded
A
解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。
3. Don’t use words, expressions, or
phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
D
解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
4. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt
B
解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。