必修5
Unit 1 Great scientists
【诵读·积累】
1. There is no royal road to science.
在科学上没有平坦的大道可走。
2. Einstein is considered as/to be one of the greatest scientists in the twentieth century.
爱因斯坦被认为是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
3. Nicolaus Copernicus thought it is man’s duty to be courageous enough to seek for truth.
尼古拉·哥白尼认为, 人的天职在于有足够的勇气去探索真理。
4. Madame Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice.
居里夫人是获得诺贝尔奖的第一位女性, 同时也是两次获此殊荣的第一人。
5. Yuan Longping has devoted all his life to China’s agricultural scientific research, and he has made great contributions to dealing with the world food problem.
袁隆平把毕生精力都献给了中国的农业科学研究, 他为解决全世界的粮食问题作出了杰出的贡献。
【尝试运用】
词汇翻译
有勇气的 __________
寻找 _______
奉献于 _________________
courageous
seek for
devote one’s life to
一词多译
认为……是……
____________________
______________
_______________
_______________
____________
consider. . . as/to be. . .
regard. . . as. . .
think. . . to be. . .
think of. . . as. . .
treat. . . as. . .
句式演练
把左栏句5改写成非谓语动词作状语的句式
___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
________________________________
Having devoted all his life to China’s agricultural scientific
research, Yuan Longping has made great contributions to
dealing with the world food problem.
Ⅰ. 单词盘点
核心速记
1. ______ (vt. ) 打败；战胜；使受挫
(n. ) 失败
2. ______ (vt. ) 照顾；护理；出席；参加
3. ______ (vt. ) 暴露；揭露；使曝光
4. ____ (n. ) 治愈；痊愈
(vt. ) 治愈；治疗
defeat
attend
expose
cure
5. _________ (n. ) 挑战
(vt. ) 向……挑战
6. ______(vt. ) 吸收；吸引；使专心
7. _______(vt. ) 认为; 怀疑
(n. ) 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
8. ______(vt. ) 责备；谴责
(n. ) 过失；责备
challenge
absorb
suspect
blame
9. ______(n. ) 柄；把手
(vt. ) 处理；操纵
10. ____(vt. & n. ) 连接；联系
11. ____(vi. &vt. ) (使)旋转；纺(线或纱)
handle
link
spin
联想串记
12. ________(vt. &vi. )结束；推断出→__________ (n. ) 结论；
结束
13. ______ (vt. )污染；弄脏→ ________(n. )污染
14. _________ (vt. )宣布；通告→ _____________(n. )通知；宣告
conclude
conclusion
pollute
pollution
announce
announcement
15. _______(vt. )命令；指示；教导→ __________ (n. )教授；传授→ ___________(n. )用法；说明；操作指南
16. _________(vt. )建设；修建→____________(n. ) 建设；建筑物
17. _________(vt. &vi. )捐献；贡献；捐助→___________(n. )贡献
18. _____ (vt. )拒绝；不接受；抛弃→ ________(n. ) 拒绝；抛弃
instruct
instruction
instructions
construct
construction
contribute
contribution
reject
rejection
Ⅱ. 短语互译
1. 提出 ___________
2. 使显露；暴露 ___________
3. 讲得通；有意义 __________
4. 应受谴责, 应负责任 __________
5. 通向, 导致 ______
6. 调查 ________
put forward
expose. . . to
make sense
be to blame
lead to
look into
7. 治愈某人的疾病 _______________
8. draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion
_________
9. link. . . to. . . ___________________________
10. apart from _________________
11. (be) strict with. . . _____________
12. contribute to _____________
cure sb. of illness
得出结论
将……和……联系或连接起来
除……之外；此外
对……严格的
有助于；促成
Ⅲ. 句型透视
1. “Neither. . . nor. . . ”既不……也不……
_______(既不)its cause ____(也不)its cure was understood.
2. “every time”作连词引导时间状语从句
So many thousands of terrified people died _______________
_______________(每次暴发霍乱时).
Neither
nor
every time there
was an outbreak
3. 不定式作目的状语/suggest(建议)+宾语从句
__________(为防止) this from happening again, John Snow
suggested that the source of all the water supplies ___________
(经过检测).
4. only if置于句首的倒装句
_______ (只有)you put the sun there ___ the movements of the
other planets in the sky __________(讲得通).
5. with复合结构
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system ____________________________(行星围绕着它转)and only the moon still going round the earth.
To prevent
be examined
Only if
make sense
with the
planets going round it
did
Ⅳ. 语篇完形
John Snow was a famous doctor in London and he was kind enough to help the ordinary people 1. _______ to cholera, which was the 2. ______ disease of its day. He wanted to face the 3. _________ and solve this problem. He became interested in the theory that people 4. ________ this disease into their bodies with their meals, so he carried out a series of researches to 5. ____ it. As a result, he found out that the 6. ________ water was to 7. ______ and immediately told people to take
exposed
deadly
challenge
absorbed
test
polluted
blame
action. The disease soon 8. ______ down. John Snow suggested the water companies should be 9. _________ not to supply people with polluted water. 10. _______ “King Cholera” was defeated.
slowed
instructed
Finally
1. 选用框中词汇的适当形式完成句子
absorb, blame, attend, put forward, apart from
(1)She keeps two nurses _________ on her.
(2)They ___________a plan for reducing the traffic accidents at the meeting.
(3)When I entered the room, I found my father sitting in the sofa and ________ in a magazine.
(4)Your article is well written __________a few spelling mistakes.
(5)No one knows who is ________for the fire.
attending
put forward
absorbed
apart from
to blame
2. 选用句型透视中的句式仿写句子
(1)他和我都不打算去参加这次会议。
__________________________________________
(2)我每次去北京都会去参观长城。
__________________________________________________
(3)只有你有时间, 我们才能够出去野餐。
__________________________________________
(4)有这么多儿孙围着她, 祖母感到非常幸福。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Neither he nor I am going to attend the meeting.
Every time I went to Beijing, I would visit the Great Wall.
Only if you have time can we go out for a picnic.
With so many children and grandchildren rounding/round/
around her, my grandmother felt very happy.
1. attend vt. 照顾; 护理; 出席; 参加
①He is very famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening. 他在这个领域很出名, 今晚会有成千上万的粉丝听他的讲座。
②He has to attend (on) his sick son. 他不得不照顾生病的儿子。
③They attended college together at Beijing University.
他们一起就读于北京大学。
④He has a great deal to attend to today.
他今天有许多事要处理。
【归纳】
attend a meeting/wedding/lecture/movie
______________________________
attend school/class/church __________________
attend (on/upon) sb. ______________
处理 ________
参加会议/出席婚礼/听演讲/看电影
上学/上课/去做礼拜
照顾(侍候)某人
attend to
【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空
joined
attended
joined in
take part in
【助记】
【高考链接】
(2011·湖南高考)It is the most instructive lecture that I _____ since I came to this school.
A. attended B. had attended
C. am attending D. have attended
【解析】选D。考查动词时态。句意：这是自我来到这所学校以来所听过的最有教育意义的演讲了。句中that引导定语从句, 其中含有since引导的时间状语从句, 故用现在完成时。
2. expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
expose. . . to 使显露；暴露
be exposed to 暴露于……, 处于……危险中
expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事
expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触到某物, 使面临, 使遭受
①Don’t ______ your skin __ direct sunlight, or you’ll get sunburnt.
不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下, 否则你会被晒伤。
②This liquid is not to ___ _______ __ air, for it will soon evaporate.
这种液体不能暴露在空气中, 因为它会很快蒸发掉。
expose
to
be
exposed
to
③We want to expose the kids to art and culture as much as possible.
我们想让孩子们尽可能多地受到艺术和文化的熏陶。
④The journalist exposed that official’s scandal to the public.
这位记者向公众揭发了那位官员的丑闻。
3. cure n. 治愈；痊愈
vt. 治愈；治疗
a cure for. . . 针对……的治疗(法)
cure sb. /a disease 治疗好某人/治疗(治愈)某种疾病
cure sb. of. . . 治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等
①(2012·安徽高考)Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.
在她的后半生, 这位艺术家进行了许多次手术, 但是没有任何办法能治愈她严重的背痛。
②(2012·北京高考)Empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.
移情还可以成为治疗孤独、悲伤、焦虑和恐惧的有效方法。
【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空
treated
healed
cured
4. blame vt. 责备；谴责；归咎于
n. 过失；责备
(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for. . . ) 应承担责任；该受责备(用主
动形式表被动意义)
(2)accept/bear/take the blame for. . . 对某事负责；承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事的责任推到某人身上
①I don’t ______ ____ ___ doing that.
我不责备你做了那件事。
②The police _______ the traffic accident ___ Jack’s careless driving.
警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。
③The driver ____ ___ __ ______ ___ the traffic accident.
这位司机不应承担交通事故的责任。
④You must bear the blame for the accident.
你必须承担这次事故的责任。
blame
you
for
blamed
on
was
not
to
blame
for
5. contribute vt. &vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助
(1)contribute. . . to. . . 为……捐献……；投稿
contribute to 有助于；促进；导致；
对……作贡献
(2)contribution n. 贡献, 捐献
make a contribution/contributions to/towards. . .
为……作贡献
①She contributed an article to our magazine.
她给我们的杂志投了一篇稿子。
②(2012·山东高考)How did Dr. Minor contribute to the dictionary?
Minor博士为这本词典作出了怎样的贡献？
③Everyone is willing to _________ food and clothes __ the homeless people.
每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
④Everyone should _____ __ ___________ __ _________ the environment.
每个人都应当为保护环境作贡献。
contribute
to
make
a
contribution
to
protecting
6. put forward 提出；提前；拨快(时钟); 推荐
①The plan ___ ________ by the old professor was well worth considering.
那位老教授提出的计划很值得考虑。
②May I put you forward as a possible chairman of the committee?
我可否提名你为该委员会主席的人选？
③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week. 他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。
put
forward
【拓展】写出下列“p