Unit 1 Great Scientists-Grammar
过去分词作定语和表语

The Past Participle
as the Attribute and Predictive
动词有五种形态，
原形（Original Form）、
第三人称单数形式（Singular Form in Third Personal）、
过去式（Past Form）、
过去分词（Past Participle）、
现在分词（Present Participle）。
Find out all the past participles in the reading and analyse them:
lived(谓);
had(谓);
foreseen(谓);
drunk(谓);
shown(谓);
moved(谓);
understood(谓pv);
controlled(谓pv);
found(谓pv);
been given(谓pv);
used(谓pv);
spread(谓pv);
examined(谓pv);
instructed(谓pv);
defeated(谓pv)
谓语
完成时态
被动语态
Find out all the past participles in the reading and analyse them:
exposed to(定);
terrified(定);
affected(定);
polluted(定);
polluted(定);
polluted(定);
astonished(定);

inspired(表);
interested(表);
determined(表);
linked(表);

delivered(补);
lived(谓);
had(谓);
foreseen(谓);
drunk(谓);
shown(谓);
moved(谓);
understood(谓pv);
controlled(谓pv);
found(谓pv);
been given(谓pv);
used(谓pv);
spread(谓pv);
examined(谓pv);
instructed(谓pv);
defeated(谓pv)
谓语
完成时态
被动语态
非谓语
定语
表语
补语
Find out all the past participles in the reading and analyse them:
exposed to
terrified
affected
polluted
polluted
polluted
astonished

inspired
interested
determined
linked

delivered
非谓语
定语
表语
补语
people (exposed to cholera)
(terrified) people
the (affected) person
the river (polluted by the dirty water)
(polluted) water
(polluted) water
the (astonished) people

became inspired
became interested
was determined to find out why
were linked to the outbreak

had it delivered to her house
Exercise 2 page 5
构成：1.规则—V+ed
2.不规则
意义：一般说来，过去分词作定语含有“完成”或“被动”的双重意义
1.完成意义
a retired teacher
2.被动意义
an honored guest
一位退休的教师
一位受尊敬的客人
The Past Participle as the Attribute
The Past Participle as the Attribute
一颗破碎的心
丧家之犬
已经升起的太阳
(1) 位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；
a broken heart
the risen sun
a lost dog
单个过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。
Nothing (reported) interested him.
people addicted to drugs
a novel written by Luxun
the advice given to the patient
an old man supported by his son
a school built for orphans
过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
(2) 功能
过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。
The stolen bike belongs to Jack.
The bike which had been stolen belongs to Jack.
The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.
The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.
(3) 表示的时间
过去分词作定语时，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生.
The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.
Have you read the books written by the young writer？
They found a damaged car at the gate of the park.
I know the people building the house there.
(主动、进行)

The house being built over there is a shop.
(被动、正在建)

The house built over there is a shop.
(被动、已建好)
(4) 过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别：
过去分词表示被动或完成；
现在分词表示主动或进行。
the changing world
the changed world
(正在变化的)
(变化了的)
boiling water
boiled water
(正在沸腾的)
(已经沸腾过的)
a developing country
a developed country
(发展中的)
(发达的)
falling leaves
fallen leaves
正在飘落的树叶
落叶
退休工人
a retired worker
逃犯
an escaped prisoner
被盗的汽车
a stolen car
Translate the following phrases:
The Past Participle as the Predictive
(1) 意义
过去分词作表语，无“被动”的意思，只是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。
(2) 结构
+ done
be
feel/look/seem/get/become/remain
(3) 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
1.He looked worried after reading the letter.
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.
2.The glass is broken.(表示状态)
The glass was broken by Tom last night. (表示动作)
注：过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一谈。
1.用作表语的过去分词主要表示一种状态，此时相当于一个形容词。
2. 用作被动语态的过去分词，句子的主语是动作的承受者，后常跟by短语。
(4) 过去分词做表语与现在分词的区别
The result of the test is disappointing.
I feel disappointed in the result of the test.
2. The story is very interesting.
He is interested in the book.
3. What a surprising result!
I am surprised at what he said.
Exercise 3 page 5
I heard the news that our team had won．
我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I had no idea that you were here．
我不知道你在这里。
l have no idea when he will be back．
我不知道他什么时候回来
在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如：
有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如： Word came that Tom won the game.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
1. 同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：
The news that l have passed the exam is true．
（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。）
（that在从句中不充当任何成份。）
The news that he told me just now is true．
（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。） （that在从句中作told的宾语。）
2、关系词在句中是否做成分
作业讲解
let's practice right now!
Compete the sentences using the right form of the given verb.
I had nothing to do. I was __________ (bore) and lonely.
Jack looked even more _______ (amaze) than he felt.
The results were very _____________ (disappoint).
I was thanked by the _____________ (satisfy) customer.
The girl ___________ (dress) in red is my daughter.
Last Monday our class went on an ____________ (organise) trip.
bored
amazed
disappointing
satisfied
dressed
organised
1. ____ in the traffic accident ____ taken to hospital.
A. An injured, was B. The injured, has
C. The injuring, were D. The injured, have been
2.The ___ look on the girl’s face suggested that she ___ such bad news.
A. surprising, would expect
B. surprised, should expect
C. surprising, shouldn’t have been expected
D. surprised, hadn’t expected
3.The girl ___ forward to buying a new gold watch.
A. referred to look
B. referred to looking
C. referred to looks
D. referring to looks
4.It ’s a pay day，and they are waiting____.
A. pay B. paying
C. paid D. to be paid
5.The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a
foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.having written B. to be written
C. being written D. written
6.You’ll find the word "psychology"____under "P"
in your dictionary.
A.have listed B.list
C.listed D.listing
7.When we reached the village, we saw new
houses_____ up.
A. having been put B.putting
C. being put D. had put
8.From the date ___ on the gold coin, we decided
that it was made five hundred years ago.
A. marking B.marked
C. to be marked D.having been marked
9.When I got back home I saw a message _____ to the door, _____ “Sorry to miss you, will come later.” A.sticking; reads B.stuck; read C.pinned; reading D.pinning; reading
10.Experts think that we need to eat meat because it contains vitamins and minerals _____ in vegetables. A/not finding B/not to be found C/not found D/which is not found