Great scientists
第四学时　Grammar
过去分词作定语和表语
一、学习过去分词作定语，同学们应该着重注意以下几点：
1．单独一个过去分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词之前，如：
polluted water, broken vase, the affected person
It is an organized activity.
这是一次有组织的活动。
注：单个的过去分词修饰复合不定代词something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。
(1)He is one of those kidnapped.
他是那些被绑架的人之一。
(2)There was nobody invited here.
这儿没有人被邀请。
(3)There’s almost nothing changed since I left the village two years ago.
自我两年前离开以来，这个村几乎没有什么变化。
2．过去分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
(1)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但是他一想到要帮助那些霍乱病患者时，就变得很振奋。
(2)The boy named Tom is my brother.
那个名叫汤姆的男孩是我弟弟。
3．过去分词作定语与定语从句的关系。
(1)及物动词的过去分词表示已完成的动作，且含有被动意义，可转换为谓语动词为被动形式的定语从句。如：
A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.(＝A letter which/that was posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.)
今天寄出的信他后天就能收到。
(2)部分不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作已完成，不含有被动意义，可转换为谓语动词为完成时态的定语从句。如：
①He is a retired worker.(＝ He is a worker who has retired.)他是一个退休工人。
②We saw the risen sun, full of hope.(＝We saw the sun which/that had risen, full of hope.)
我们看着已升起的太阳，心中充满了希望。
a returned sailor ＝ a sailor who has returned
退役士兵
developed countries＝countries which have developed 发达国家
③You can see many fallen leaves on the ground.
你可以看到地上有很多落叶。
④We can’t drink boiling water, but we can drink boiled water.
我们不能喝正开的水，但可以喝开水。
二、过去分词作表语
　过去分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态。
用作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成或主语的状态。此时的过去分词相当于一个形容词，其后常不跟by短语。
The book is broken.那书破了。
The house is crowded.这房子很拥挤。
All the mountains are covered with snow.
群山被积雪覆盖。
表示感觉的一些过去分词(disappointed，excited，surprised，pleased等)
及其他一些过去分词(lost，known，married，bent，dressed，drunk，devoted，recovered，separated等)常可用作表语，表示状态。其中有些只表状态，毫无被动意义。此时后面多跟at, with, in, from等介词短语。
As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends.
当我们加入人群后，我跟我的朋友们失散了。
Our car got trapped in the mud.
我们的车陷在泥中．
Later they found that they were lost.
后来他们发现迷路了。
The happy time is gone forever.
那快乐时光一去不复返了。
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1．The guests left the hall, leaving the dishes ____
(touch)．Later we know that they didn’t like the food ____(cook) that way.
2．________(surprise) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
3．When ________(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
1．untouched, cooked　2.Surprised 3．comparing
4．Several new events ________ (add) to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games are popular in Asia.
5．The ________(excite) people shouted at the top of their voice, but no one knew why they stopped all the shouting and became________ (disappoint) all at once.
6．No matter how frequently ________(perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
7．The wild mountains ________ (cover) with deep snow looked charming.
4.added　5.excited, disappointed
6．performed　7.covered
8．Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ________(give) to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
9．________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
10．The temple ________(build) almost 2,000 years ago needs repairing.
8.given　9.Blamed　10.built
二、用过去分词形式完成下列句子。
1．我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
We’ll go to visit the bridge_____________________.
2．你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？
Why do you always_________________________?
Do you sleep well these days?
1．built hundreds of years ago　
2.look so tired
3．我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。
I _____________________ the film I saw last night，
I had expected it to be better.
4．听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。
Everybody ________to hear the death of the famous film star.
5．要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。
The children __________________going to the zoo.
3．was disappointed with　4.was shocked
5．are really excited about
6．他的伤口感染了一种新病毒。
His wound _______________________ a new virus.
7．我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊！
How I regretted the hours_____________________!
8．我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。
I like wearing clothes________________________.
6.became infected with
7．wasted in the woods　
8.made of this kind of cloth
9．鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。
The books ________________________________.
10．丢了钱他自责不已。
He _________________about losing the money.
9．written by Lu Xun are popular　
10.got blamed
三、语法填空
(1)________(affect) by the lightning, the electricity system in our school hall was out of order and the ball (2) _______(hold) by the Students’ Union had to stop. For the sake of safety, students were told to remain (3) ________(seat), for workers would soon have the (4) ________(damage) system (5) ______(fix)．
1．Affected　2.being held/held　3.seated　
4.damaged 5．fixed
After a while, everything was OK and the students continued singing and dancing. When (6) ________(ask) to dance, Mary felt (7) _____ (embarrass) and she stood there, (8)___(root) to the spot. All the audience began to clap to encourage her. Greatly (9) ________(inspire) by their encouragement, Mary began to dance to the music (10) ________(play) by the band. Never in her life had she danced so beautifully!
6.asked　7.embarrassed　 8.rooted
9．inspired　10.played
祝
您
学业有成