Unit1 Great scientistsGrammar
The Past Participle
1 构成:
v +ed 或不规则的变化动词
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2 过去分词本身的含义: 被动 或完成
a broken heart a lost dog a ploughed field
a risen sun a grown-up daughter
an escaped prisoner a retired general
faded colors
① 不及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成
fallen leaves 落叶
returned students 归国留学生
newly-arrived visitors 新到的客人

② 及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动及动作的完成。(与所修饰的词是一种动宾的逻辑关系)
the cold boiled water 冷开水
a developed country
※与所修饰的词是一种动宾的逻辑关系
①过去分词的一般式(已经完成的)
The patient operated on will soon be allowed to go home.

②不定式的被动式(即将发生的)
The patient to be operated on is Mr. Smith.

③-ing 的被动式(正在进行的)being done
The patient being operated on is Mr. Smith.
The patient having been operated on is Mr. Smith.(×)
→ The patient operated on is Mr. Smith.(√)
过去分词作定语
a.过去分词作定语 ，具有形容词的性质 。
一般说来 ：
单个过去分词或adv.-p.p作前置定语 :
He is a respected leader.
a recently-built house
home-grown vegetables
man-made fibers
过去分词短语作后置定语 :
Young people brought up in the new society can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.
b.作定语时可用定语从句代替
He is a respected leader.
= He is a leader__________________.
Young people brought up in the new society can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.
= Yong people _________________
_____________________can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.
who is respected
who were brought
up in the new society
Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices .
A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought D. buying
2. The first text books ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century .
Having written B. to be written
C. being written D. written
3. With everything she needed _____, the lady went home happily .
A bought B to be bought
C buying D being bought

4. The Olympic Games , _________in 776BC , did not include women players until 1912.
A first playing B to be first played
C first played D to be first playing

5. The matter ______at the next meeting is very important .
A discussed B being discussed
C to be discussed D be discussed
6. The girl _____ in red is my second daughter.
A. dressing B. dressed herself
C. dressed D. is dressing
7. I couldn’t understand the language _______ in that country.
A. to speak B. speaking
C. to be spoken D. spoken
8. The ground is _____ with ______ leaves.
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling
C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
过去分词作表语
She looked worried.
I am interested in the book.
He was lost in thought.
The door remained locked.
be动词和系动词
1、be 动词
2、表示变化的动词:become, get, turn,
go, grow等
3、感官动词:look, feel, smell, taste,
sound等
4、还有seem, appear, stay, keep,
remain, turn out等
有的已成为固定搭配 ：
be covered with
be lost in thought
be caught in the rain
be separated from
be interested in
be absorbed in
被……覆盖
陷入沉思
被雨淋
从……分离
对…感兴趣
专心致志于…
系表结构和被动结构
This lake is badly polluted .
This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill .
(系表结构)
( 被动结构)
系表结构表示主语所处 的状态 ,
被动语态则表示主语所承受的动作.
As we joined the big crowd , I got _____ from my friends
A. separated B. spared
C. lost D. missed
2. Cleaning women in the big cities get _____ by the hour .
A. pay B. paying
C. paid D. to pay
过去分词的基本特点 ：
1.从语态上讲 ：过去分词一般表被动 。
2.从时态上讲 ：过去分词表示已经完成的动作 ；
表示被动意义的主动结构
1.某些连系动词,如smell; taste; feel; sound; prove等
Cotton feels soft. (adj.)

2.某些用来表示主语内在品质或性能的及物动词,如shut; open; move; read; write; sell; wash; clean; catch; draw; cut; photograph等
The book sells well. (adv.)
3.某些表”发生(happen/take place), 爆发(break out) 和传播(spread)”的不及物动词

4. 不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时
He had an important meeting to attend.

5.在be＋adj.＋to do
English is difficult to learn.
6. be to blame/seek/let
The house is to let.这房子是要出租的.
The cause is not far to seek.原因不难找到.
I felt I was to blame, too.我觉得我也应受责备.

7.sth. need/want/require doing

8.be worth doing
Compete the sentences using the right form of the given verb.
I had nothing to do. I was ________ (bore) and lonely.
Jack looked even more _______ (amaze) than he felt.
The results were very _____________ (disappoint).
I was thanked by the ___________ (satisfy) customer.
The girl _________ (dress) in red is my daughter.
Last Monday our class went on an ____________ (organise) trip.
bored
amazed
disappointing
satisfied
dressed
organised
过去分词专练
A)用所给动词的适当形式填空。(10分)
1．Prices of daily goods________ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices．
2．When __________ (complete)，the museum will be open to the public next year．
3．With a lot of difficult problems ________ (settle)，the newly elected president is having a hard time．
4．The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________ (carry) out the next year．
5．________(Found) in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States．
6．Something is wrong with my watch．I must have it _______ ( repair)．
7．Did you go to the party ____ (hold) on New Year's Eve？

bought
completed
to settle
carried
Founded
repaired
held
8．I was walking in the street when I heard my name ______ (call)．
9．The teacher entered the classroom，________ (follow) by two students．
10．Well ______ (begin) is half ______ (do)．
11．Whatever she said，she couldn't make herself ___________ (understand)．
12．______ (Speak) English is different from _______ (write) English in many ways．
13．Things ______ (see) from a distance appear rather small．
14．Children like to drink cold _______ (boil) water especially in summer．
15．______(See) from the space，the Great Wall looks like a dragon．
16．Did a man ______ (call) Wang Lin ring me up this morning？
called
followed
began
done
understood
Spoken
written
seen
boiled
Seen
called
B)改正下列句子中的错误。(5分)
1．I'm sorry to hear that your classmate didn't arrive on time as asking to．
2．The shop owner will get all these ordered TV sets to be delivered to the customers today．
3．Defeated three times in a round，the boxer decided to give up fighting．
4．Pretended to look frightened，she closed her eyes．

5．Most of the artists inviting to the party were from Japan．
6．The thief was taken away with both his hands being tied．
7．She was so sad that she spent the whole day locking in her own room．
．

asking →asked
去掉to be
Defeated → Having been defeated
Pretended →Pretending
inviting → invited
being tied-tied
locking → locked
Rewrite the following sentences with the Past Participle
1．The castle，which had been burnt in the sixteenth century，was never rebuilt．

2．After I had put down my newspaper，I walked over to the window and looked out．
3．Since the director was struck by his sincerity，the director wanted to see him again．
burnt in the sixteenth century
Having put down my newspaper，I walked over to the window and looked out．
Struck by his sincerity，the director wanted to see him again．
4. Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other．
Gentlemen always shake hands when introduced to each other．
5．If it is used economically，one tin will last at least six weeks．


6．If we are united，we stand；if we are divided，we fall．
If used economically，one tin will last at least six weeks．
United, we stand; divided, we fall．
7．After it is cleaned and repaired，the type-writer will be returned to the office．
8．If we are compared with the developed countries，we still have along way to go．
Cleaned and repaired，the typewriter will be returned to the office．
Compared with the developed countries，we still have a long way to go．
1.The man disturbing the other workers is called James Smith.
The man disturbed by the other workers is called James Smith.
2.The teenagers discussing the event in the TV talk show were all school children.
The teenagers discussed in the TV talk show were all school children.
Workbook Page 91
(The man is disturbing the other workers.)
(The other workers are disturbing the man)
(The teenagers are discussing the event.)
(People on TV are talking about the teenagers.)
3.The driver informing us of the accident quit his job a week later.

The driver informed of the accident quit his job a week later.
4.I had already met the man interviewing me before I came here.
I had already met the man interviewed by the boss before I came here.
5.Do you happen to know the host presenting the professor.


Do you happen to know the host presented by the professor.
(The driver informed us of the accident.)
(someone told the driver about the accident.)
(The man is the person who asked me questions.)
(The man is the person who answered the boss’s questions.)
(The host is the person who tells people about the professor.)
(The professor tells people about the host.)
Thanks for listening!