grammar
过去分词作定语
现在分词作定语
【结构1】V-ing+名词
①表用途
guiding principles
a walking stick
a living room
a swimming pool
drinking water
②表正在进行的主动
a rising sun
a sleeping child
an increasing demand
falling leaves
boiling water
③只表主动，不表进行
the following questions
the remaining days
the living things
an interesting story
a tiring day
the exciting news
现在分词作定语
【结构2】名词+ V-ing+其他
①表正在进行的主动
The boy sleeping under the tree is my cousin.
Do you know the boy waiting outside the school gate?
②只表主动，不表进行
There are many excellent hotels for people coming from out of town.
Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the enviroment changed?
Can you show me any word beginning with the letter “X”?
过去分词作定语
【结构1】P.P+名词
①表被动，有时有已经完成的含义。用于及物动词。
boiled water
furnished room
spoken English
written English
②只表完成，不表被动。用于不及物动词。
a risen sun
departed friends
fallen leaves
retired workers
an escaped prisoner
a sunken ship
过去分词作定语
【结构2】名词+P.P+其他
①强调被动。
Can you name the disease defeated by John Snow?
He announced that water polluted by the chemical factory carried the germ.
②强调状态。
children interested in collecting stamps
the audience tired of the cliche
a room crowded with migrant workers
a girl dressed in red
people exposed to cholera
people infected with bird flu
people terrified of cholera
练习题：填空
1.The student _______________( speak) to the teacher now is our moniter. 

2.The problem _______________( discuss) yesterday is of great importance.
speaking
discussed
3.The machine ________________( repair ) yesterday is broken again. 

4.The guests ________________(invite) to the meeting were all specialists.
repaired
invited
5.China is a country _______________(belong )to the 3rd world. 

6 .He lives in the house _______________( face ) the north.
belonging
facing
7.The temple ________________( stand ) on the top of the hill was built 500 years ago. 

8.The students ________________( want ) to join the club will gather at the gate.
standing
wanting
9.The car _____________ (make ) in Japan is of high qulity. 
10.A checking delegation (代表团)______________( consist ) of 5 people are visiting our school. 
A checking delegation(代表团)_____________( make) up of 5 people are visiting our school.
made
consisting
made
11. The student_________( focus )on his lesson is best in our class. 

The student __________ ( lose )in his lesson is best in our class.
focusing
lost
12.Can you see the boy _________________ ( dress )in a red shirt? 

Can you see the boy _________________( wear ) a red shirt?
dressed
wearing
13.The students _________( sit ) in Row I see the blackboard clearly.

The students __________( seat ) in Row I see the blackboard clearly.
seated
speaking
14. The country _______ ( lie ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea.

The country ________(locate ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea.
lying
located
练习题：单选
1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the ________ soldiers.
A. wound     
B. wounded     
C. wounding     
D. being wounded
B
2. The meeting______ yesterday aimed to deal with the problems linked to teenagers’ mental health.
A. to be held   
B. held   
C. being held  
D. having been held
B
3. Don’t use words, expressionsor phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.  
A. being known 
B. having been known 
C. to be known 
D. known
D
4. The _____ dishes lay on the floor.  
A. breaking.  
B. broken.  
C. broke.  
D. break
B
5.The ship______ by a huge piece of iceberg sank with its passagers.   
A. hitting.  
B. hit.  
C. hitted.  
D. to hit.
B
6.Tell Mary that there’s someone ____ for her at the door.   
A. waiting.   
B. waits.  
C. waited.     
D. to wait.
A
7.There is a big dog______ to a tree outside the house. 
A. tying. 
B. tied. 
C. to tie. 
D. ties.
B
8.The Olympic Games_____ in 776 B.C.did not include women players.  
A. first played    
B. to be first played   
C. first playing     
D. to be first playing
A
9. Prices of daily goods_____ through computer can be lower than some store price.
A. are bought      
B. bought    
C. been bought       
D. buying
B
10. What’s the language____ in Germany? 
A. speaking   
B. spoken   
C. be spoken   
D. to speak
B
11. The flowers ______sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell   
B. smelling    
C. smelt       
D. to be smelt
B
12. If the building project _________by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
A. is completed     
B. to be completed    
C. being completed   
D. completed
B
13. The trees ____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down  
B. blown down     
C. blowing down      
D. to blow down
B
14. The Town Hall ____ in the 1800’s was the most famous building at that time.
A. to be completed 
B. having been completed  
C. completed  
D. being completed
C
练习题：翻译
1. The _________(steal) car was found by the police last week. 

2. The book _________________(一本农民写书) is very popular.
stolen
written by a farmer
3. The ceremony___________________________(正在大厅举行的) is in memory of the hero.

4.The problem ___________________________________(在昨天会议上提出的) was very difficult to solve.
being held
in the hall
put forward at the
meeting yesterday
5. The window _________________________(被那个男孩打破的) is being repaired. 

6. The people _______________________(暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt.
broken by the boy
exposed to the sun
7. The students __________________________(受到老师鼓舞的) worked harder than ever before.

8. The scientists ______________(在这儿工作的) are well paid.
encouraged by
the teacher
working here