Unit 1 Great scientistslanguage points
Unit 1
Great scientists
Period 3 Learning about
language
Discovering useful words and expressions:
Answer keys for Exercise 1:
examined
put forward
exposed
cure
immediately
look into
announced
instruct
valuable
Answer keys for Exercises 2:
make a telephone call
make a decision
make a plan
make a speech
make a contribution
make a noise
make a change
make a description
Translate the following phrases, and try to find out what the items relate to.
一片碎玻璃
开水
一枚用过的邮票
一箱埋起来的硬币
穿破的鞋子
一台损坏了的计算机
结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用过去分词作表语的形式来改写以上短语。
a broken piece of glass
boiled water
a used stamp
a buried box of coins
a damaged computer
worn—out shoes
Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.
Past Participle Past Participle
as the Attribute as the predicative
terrified people 1.
reserved seats 2.
polluted water 3.
a crowded room 4.
a pleased winner 5.
people who are terrified
seats which are reserved
water that is polluted
a room that is crowded
a winner who is pleased
Past Participle Past Participle
as the Predicative as the Attribute
1. children who 1.
look astonished
2. a vase that is broken 2.
3. a door that is closed 3.
4. the audience who feel tired 4.
5. an animal that is trapped 5.
astonished children
a broken vase
a closed door
the tired audience
a trapped animal
Students try to find some rules about the Past Participle as the Attribute and Predicative.
Discovery (2m)
Grammar
一、过去分词作定语
1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。
eg：a lost animal 一只迷路的动物
a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票
an injured finger 一个受伤的手指
a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币
a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。
e.g.：spoken English 英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起来的太阳
the advanced countries 发达国家
drunken man 一个醉鬼
a returned student 一名留学生
a retired teacher 一名退休教师
an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯
by-gone days 过去的岁月
2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义。
e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!
我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊
I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth．
我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。
e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular．
鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
We’11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses.
1） He told us of the great wrong done to him.
= He told us of the great wrong ___________________________ to him.
which had been done
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。
2） The United States is a developed country.
= The United Stated is a country ______________________ .
which has developed
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。
3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there?
= Have you noticed the bridge
______________________ there?
which is being built
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。
二、过去分词作表语
1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。
e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．
听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。
You seem frightened.
你似乎受了惊吓。
2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。
e.g.：This shop is now closed．
这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)
This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday．
这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）
Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.
1. 丢了钱他自责不已。
He ______________ about losing the money.
2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？ Why do you always _______________ ? Do you sleep well these days?

3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。
I _____________________ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better.
got blamed
look so tired
was disappointed with
4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。 Everybody ____________to hear the death of the famous film star．
5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。
The children ______________________ going to the zoo．
6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.
His wound ___________________ a new virus．
was shocked
are really excited about
became infected with
Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known
高考链接
B
解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
2. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded
高考链接
A
解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。
3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
高考链接
D
解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
4. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt
高考链接
B
解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。
Homework
Summarize the use of the past participle as the attribute and predictive.