必修4 总复习
(2)(2007·天津)A new________bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.
A．normal B．usual
C．regular D．common
答案：C　题意：一趟开往天津机场的新班车两个月前开始运营。normal“正常的”；usual“通常的”，regular“有规律的，常规的”；common“常见的”。由句意可知C正确。
(3)(2006·浙江)Letterboxes are much more________in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.
A．common B．normal
C．ordinary D．usual
答案：A　本题考查同义词辨析。common指为许多人或事物所共同具备因而常见。ordinary指由于与一般事物的性质或标准相同，因而显得平常，无奇特之处，反义词为special。usual指在某一地方或某一时间内所常见的，往往指常用的东西，或常发生的事情，反义词为unusual。normal同usual和regular，意为“正常的，正规的，标准的”。题意：Letterboxes在英国比在美国更常用，在美国大多数人都有一个mailbox。
【知识拓展】
1)devoted (adj.)挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的，常用短语be devoted to sb./sth.，意为“深爱着……，致力于……”。
a devoted son/friend/father 一个孝子/忠诚的朋友/慈父
①He is devoted to his wife and children.
他深爱着他的妻子儿女。
②All his life, he was devoted to the research of cancer.
他终生致力于癌症的研究。
【牛刀小试】
(1)(2000·上海－45)Her son, to whom she was so________， went abroad ten years ago.
A．loved B．cared
C．devoted D．affected
答案：C　题意：她深爱着的儿子10年前出国了。devoted 表示“挚爱的”，在句中担任表语；loved为过去分词，不与介词to搭配。
(2)(2001·上海春－5)Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to________some schools for poor children.
A．set up B．setting up
C．have set up D．having set up
答案：B　题意：里德先生决定捐献所拥有的一切为贫困学生建造学校。he had为定语从句，主句使用的是句型devote...to...，在这个句型中to是介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语。
【知识拓展】
1)be concerned about/for sb./sth. 担心，忧虑
The children's mother was very concerned about their safety when they didn't come back at the usual time.
孩子们没有在通常的时间回家，母亲很担心他们的安全。
2)be concerned with 与……有关系
This story is concerned with a Russian family in the 19th century.
这个故事讲的是十九世纪一个俄国家庭的故事。
3)be concerned in 和……有牵连，参与了……
He is said to have been concerned in the crime.
据说他与此犯罪有牵连。
4)as far as I'm/you're...concerned 就我/你……而言
As far as I'm concerned, the whole idea is crazy.
依我之见，这整个想法真是荒诞之极。
Ⅲ.句式点击
1．Examine the following six women, using the rules about what makes a great person.
用评价伟人的标准，衡量下面的六位女性。
1)using至句末为现在分词短语在句中作方式状语，主语与现在分词有逻辑上的主谓关系。what至句末是what引导的宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，what在宾语从句中作主语。
I don't really understand what he said just now.
我的确不懂他刚才说的话。
2)现在分词(短语)作状语归纳
①表示时间
Arriving in London, we managed to find a comfortable hotel.
到达伦敦时，我们找到了一家舒适的旅馆。
②表示原因
Being ill, he couldn't go to school.
因为生病，他不能去上学。
Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well.
在伦敦住过多年，我几乎对那儿的每个地方都很熟悉。
③表示结果
The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。
Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport.
80多个国家都踢足球，因此足球成了一种很流行的运动。
④表示条件
Working diligently, you will certainly succeed.
只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。
Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships.
利用原子能，我们能够建造太空船。
⑤表示让步
While achieving great achievements, he is very shy.
虽然取得了很大的成就，但他仍然很害羞。
⑥表示方式
We visited a number of cities, traveling by train.
我们坐火车访问了好多城市。
⑦表示伴随
Some kids are on the playground, playing football.
有些孩子在操场上踢足球。
(3)(2009·福建)In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao，________the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A．marking B．marked
C．having marked D．being marked
答案：A　考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，其后有宾语，故与逻辑主语是主动关系，且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，用现在分词，选A。
(4)(2008·北京)________that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she'd like that little doll on her bed.
A．Seeing B．To see
C．See D．Seen
答案：A　本题考查了现在分词作状语的用法。see与I构成逻辑上的主动关系，并且see与asked这个动作同时进行，所以选用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
【牛刀小试】
(1)(2008·湖南)Last night Mr. Crook didn't come back at the usual time. ________， he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.
A．Meanwhile B．However
C．Instead D．Yet
答案：C　题意：昨天晚上库鲁克先生没有按往常回家的时间回来，而是见了一些朋友，在外面呆到半夜。C项为“相反；反而”，符合题意；A项“与此同时”；B项“然而”，表转折；D项“然而”，表转折。
(2)(2007·天津)________fire, all exits must be kept clear.
A．In place of B．Instead of
C．In case of D．In spite of
答案：C　题意：为防火灾，所有疏散通道务必畅通。in place of＝instead of“取代，替代”；in spite of“尽管”；in case of“以防……”符合题意。故选C。
【牛刀小试】
(1)(2010·陕西－14)You look well.The air and the sea foods in Sanya must______you, I suppose.
A．agree with B．agree to
C．agree on D．agree about
答案：A　agree with：①同意某人意见；②(天气，食物等)适合某人；agree to 同意(某计划，安排等)，其后不接人，只接the plan/agreement 等；agree on 协议双方就某项内容达成一致意见；agree about 短语不存在。由句意知，应选A。
(2)(2008·湖南)—When did you last hear________Jay?
—He phoned me this morning, and we agreed______a time and place to meet.
A．of; to B．about; with
C．from; with D．from; on
答案：D　题意：“你最后一次收到Jay的消息是什么时候？”“今天早上他给我打电话，我们约定了见面的时间和地点。”hear about/of“听到有关……，听说”；hear from“收到……的来信；得知某人的消息”；agree on sth.“在……方面取得一致意见”；agree to do sth.“同意做某事”；agree to sth.“同意计划、安排、方案等”；agree with sth./sb.“同意某人(的意见)”。
【牛刀小试】
(1)(2008·湖北)Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still________the traditional customs.
A．perform　　　 B．possess
C．observe D．support
答案：C　考查动词词义辨析。observe the traditional customs“遵循传统习俗”。observe“遵守，遵循”；perform“表演”；possess“拥有”；support“支持”。
3)argue that...主张，认为……
They argued that sending men to the moon is a waste of money.
他们认为把人送上月球是浪费钱财。
4)argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
She argued him into/out of leaving his job.
她说服他辞职/不要辞职。
【知识拓展】
argument (n.)
(1)辨论，争论，争吵；常说argument with sb. over/about sth.
①We had an argument with the waiter about the bill.
我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。
②She got into an argument with the teacher.
她和老师争论了起来。
(2)论据，理由，论点，常说argument for/against sth.
The committee listened to all the arguments for and against the proposal.
委员会听取了所有赞成和反对该提议的理由。
(2)(2007·江西)—Will you join us in the game?
—Thank you，________
A．but why not? B．but I'd rather not.
C．and I won't. D．and I'll join.
答案：B　Thank you，but...是委婉拒绝他人邀请的交际用语。why not？“为什么不？”，表示建议，不符合语境；I won't“我不会的”，不符合谢绝人的语言习惯；D项不符合口语交际的表达习惯。
【牛刀小试】
(1)(2006·上海)Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It's no use________with him.
A．to argue B．arguing
C．argued D．having argued
答案：B　It's no use doing sth.“做某事没有用处”，为固定句型。
(4)(2007·安徽)—Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted________his advice!
A．to take B．taking
C．not to take D．not taking
答案：D　题意为“我多么后悔没听他的建议啊！”regret doing sth.表示对过去事情的悔恨。
【牛刀小试】
(1)(2008·重庆－26)Only when I left my parents for Italy________how much I loved them.
A．I realized B．I had realized
C．had I realized D．did I realize
答案：D　本题主要考查倒装句的用法。题意：直到我离开父母去意大利后，我才意识到我多么爱他们。当only放在句首，后面接能作状语的词、短语、句时，其主句部分要部分倒装，故排除A、B两项；C项中时态不对。
(2)(2006·浙江－9)________by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A．Only B．Just
C．Still D．Yet
答案：A　题意：只有控制成本才能使Power Data公司保持对其它公司的竞争优势。only位于句首，修饰介词短语时，句子采用部分倒装的语序。
(3)(2005·福建－32)Only after my friend came____.
A．did the computer repair
B．he repaired the computer
C．was the computer repaired
D．the computer was repaired
答案：C　题意：直到我朋友到来后，电脑才被修理好了。only位于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，句子采用部分倒装的语序；排除选项B以及选项D；此外，考虑逻辑关系，“电脑”是“被修理的”，采用被动语态，排除选项A.
【牛刀小试】
(1)(2007·上海)________he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
A．That B．What
C．Whether D．Where
答案：B　题意：普通读者并不了解他在文章中所提到的。主语从句中referred to后缺少宾语，所以用what引导。
(2)(2010·天津－10)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting________at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A．are exhibiting
B．is exhibiting
C．are being exhibited
D．is being exhibited
答案：C　考查主谓一致和语态。题意：像剪纸这样的天津传统民间艺术在2010年上海世博会的文化展上展出。艺术品是被展出，且主语为复数arts，故C项正确。
【牛刀小试】
(1)He intended that the plan________put into practice within this year.
A．was　　　　　 B．should be
C．must be D．will be
答案：B　intend引导宾语从句时，从句中使用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”的形式。
(3)(2006·江西)—Michael was late for Mr. Smith's oral class this morning.
—________？As far as I know, he never came late to class.
A．How come B．So what
C．Why not D．What for
答案：A　How come意为“为什么/怎么会……？”询问原因；so what意为“那有什么了不起！”“与我有什么关系！”why not常用来提出建议或表示同意；what for意为“为什么”，询问做某事的目的。由句意可知是询问原因，所以选A项。
【牛刀小试】
(1)(2006·江西)After the earthquake, the injured were cared________in the hospitals or taken by air to the hospitals in the neighbouring cities.
A．of B．for
C．after D．with
答案：B　本题考查不及物动词care与介词的搭配。题意：地震后，伤员在当地医院进行护理或被空运到周边城市治疗。care for“照顾，照料，护理”，符合句意。
【牛刀小试】
(1)(2009·安徽－32)________a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A．It has B．They have
C．It remains D．There remains
答案：D　考查了倒装句的用法。句子的主语是doubt。题意为“关于这个方案的可操作性，在人们当中还存在着一些疑虑”。
2．statistic (n.)
1)(常用复数形式statistics)统计；统计数字；统计资料
These statistics show that there are 57 deaths per 1,000 children born.
这些统计数字表明每一千个出生的婴儿中有五十七个死亡。
2)用statistics表示统计学，但作单数看。
Statistics is a branch of mathematics.
统计学是数学的一个分支。
【牛刀小试】
Statistics________that statistics________becoming hotter and hotter in recent years.
A．shows; are　　　　 B．shows; is
C．show; are D．show; is
答案：D　题意：统计表示统计学在最近几年正变得越来越热，所以D项合适。
【牛刀小试】
(1)(2008·安徽)—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
—Yes.________， I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
A．If ever B．If busy
C．If anything D．If possible
答案：D　问句为“对于既将到来的假期，你有什么特别的计划吗？”答语为“是的。如果可能的话，我要去城里拜望一些老人。”if ever“如果曾经有的话”；if busy“如果忙的话”；if anything“若有什么事的话”；if possible“如果有可能的”，是if it is possible的省略。
(2)I might be away next week. If________， I won't be able to see you.
A．that　　　 B．this　　　
C．so　　　 D．it
答案：C　此处考查if so, so指代前文内容。
(3)Will you get a free evening next week？________，let us have dinner together.
A．If so B．If not
C．Even though D．As if
答案：A　if so意为“要是那样，果真如此”，so用来代替前面的分句或句子，构成缩略条件句，语义根据上下文而定。if not用在条件句后，表示“不然；要不”的意思。题意：下周你能有一晚上空闲吗？如果有，我们一起吃顿饭。
【牛刀小试】
(1)(2009·浙江)The incomes of skilled workers went up. ________， unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.
A．Moreover B．Therefore
C．Meanwhile D．Otherwise
答案：C　考查副词词义辨析。moreover“而且”therefore“因此”；meanwhile“同时”；otherwise“否则，要不然”。根据句意应选C。
(2)(2006·浙江)Progress so far has been very good.________，we are sure that the project will be completed on time.
A．However B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．Besides
答案：C　考查副词的用法。however“然而”；otherwise“否则”；therefore“因此”；besides“除此以外”。由句意可知表示因果关系，故选C。
单项填空
(4)________all kinds of knowledge, he was admitted to a key university.
A．Equipped with B．Having equipped for
C．Armed for D．Having armed with
答案：A　考查非谓语动词的用法。题意：拥有各种各样的知识，他得以进入重点大学。arm做动词意为“武装……，给……配备武器”；equip意为“配备，装备”。根据句意应该用