英语
必修4 重点词汇复习
必修四 Units1-2
1. achieve
achieve是高中阶段重要词汇,在(06湖南27)中出现achievement,(06江苏27)对achieve的时态进行了考查。
2010年高考中可能继续把achieve作为重点考查词汇。
2. condition
condition是新课标要求掌握词汇,要掌握以下用法:(1)作“环境,境况,条件”时,是可数名词,常用复数形式conditions;作“状态,状况”时,是不可数名词。(2)be in /out of condition的用法。(3)on no condition位于句首时,句子用部分倒装。(4)与situation,state,position等名词的区别。(06辽宁32)考查condition及其同义词的辨析。
2010年高考仍可能考查以上所列考点,应引起考生注意。
3. observe
observe是新课标重要词汇,意思较多,也是高考容易考查的知识点。(08湖北23)就考查了observe(作“遵守”)与其他动词的辨析。
2010年高考仍可能考查observe与其他动词的辨析。
4 .“only+状语”位于句首
“only+状语”位于句首时,主句用部分倒装,这是历届高考的高频考查知识点。该用法需注意以下几点:(1)“only+状语”位于句首时,主句用部分倒装,从句不倒装。(2)only if与if only的区别。(3)“only+主语”位于句首时,句子不倒装。(08重庆26)(08江苏32)(08江西31)对以上知识点进行了考查。
2010年高考仍会把only+状语位于句首主句用部分倒装的用法作为测试重点。
5. carry on
carry on是新课标重要短语,在历届高考中频繁考查。(08天津07)(08安徽35)(08四川09)(08福建29)都对carry on的用法进行了考查。同时要熟练掌握carry out/away等短语的意思和用法。
2010年高考仍可能在单选题中把carry on/out/away作为重要考查点。
6 .倍数表达法
倍数表达法一直是高考重点考查项目,(2008浙江03)(2008陕西16)对倍数表达法进行了考查。广大考生应掌握倍数表达有三种方式:(1)A+be+倍数+as+adj. + as+B。(2)A+ be+倍数+比较级+than+B。(3)A+be+倍数+the size/length/height/depth/width+of+B。
2010年高考仍可能对倍数的三种表达方式进行考查。
7 .would rather
would rather是高中阶段重要短语,也是高考高频考点。would rather用法较多,主要从以下角度出题:(1)would rather后接动词原形,在(07陕西16)中出现。(2)否定式为would rather not do sth及在情景交际中I’d rather not.的用法,如(08全国II 06)(07江西21)。(3)would rather do sth than do sth=would do sth rather than do sth=prefer to do sth rather than do sth。(4)后接从句用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成时表示过去。(5)与rather than,other than,or rather等短语的辨析。
2010仍会把would rather的以上各种用法作为重要考查知识点。
8 .therefore
terefore是新课标重要词汇,在日常英语学习和各种考试中出现频率极高。经常考查与一些连词和副词的辨析,如however,otherwise,besides,anyway,though,nevertheless等。
(06浙江12)(06湖北30)(05江西25)考查了therefore与以上词语的辨析。
2010年高考会继续考查therefore与其他副词和连词的辨析,考生一定要认真分析前后句关系,以确定正确答案。
9 .主谓一致和动名词作主语及宾语
这两项语法是高中英语极其重要的语法项目,也是历年高考必考项目。(08陕西15)(07湖南30)(07江西25)(06江苏34)(06辽宁27)都考查主谓一致用法,(08北京35)(08上海32) (08上海30)(08湖南34)都考查了动名词作主语和宾语的用法。
2010年高考肯定会在主谓一致和动名词作主语及宾语这两个项目上继续出题。
10. 功能
本部分功能项目为描述他人情况和说服、劝说。这两个项目在高考听力和情景交际用语中出现频很高。
2010年高考仍会在听力和交际用语中考查这两项语法项目。
11. 话题
本部分的话题为成功女性和农业。名人传记和人物介绍的文章在高考任何题型中出现,关于农业历史、农业发展以及农业科技的文章也是高考题的重要题材。
2010年高考仍可能将人物介绍和农业方面的文章作为重要选材范围,希望广大考生在复习备考中对此类文章多阅读,多训练。
Unit1 Women of achievement
重要词汇拓展
1 achievement n.成就,功绩→achieve v.达到,完成,实现
2 specialist n.专家,专业工作者→special adj.特殊的,专门的→specialize vi.专攻,专门从事
3 connection n.连接,关系→connect v.连接
4 campaign n.运动,战役 v.作战,参加运动
5 behave v.举止,表现→behavior n.行为,举止
6 shade n.阴凉处 v.遮住光线
7 worthwhile adj.值得的,值得做的→worth adj.值……,值得……→worthy adj.值得做的,可尊敬的
8 observe v.观察,观测,遵守→observation n.观察,观测
9 respect v./n.尊敬,尊重,敬意→respectable adj.值得尊敬的,正派的,体面地→respectful adj.有礼貌的,恭敬的
10 argue .v.争论,辩论→argument n.争论,辩论
11 crowd n.人群,观众 v.挤满,使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
12 inspire v.鼓舞,激发→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的,有灵感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人的→inspiration n.鼓舞,灵感
13 support v.支持,拥护→supporter n.支持者,拥护者
14 intend v.计划,打算→intention n.打算,目的,意图
15 considerate adj.考虑周到的→consider v.考虑,认为→consideration n考虑,体谅→considering prep考虑到
16 deliver v.递送,生(小孩),接生,发表(演讲等)→delivery n.投递,交货,分娩
重点短语梳理
1 devote…to 把……奉献给 2 human beings 人类
3 move off 离开,启程,出发 4 lead a…life 过着……的生活
5 crowd in 涌上心头,涌入脑海 6 look down on/ upon 蔑视,瞧不起
7 refer to 查阅,参考,谈到 8 by chance 碰巧,凑巧
9 come across 偶遇,碰见 10 carry on 继续,坚持
重点句型再现
1 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.
她花去多年的时间观察和记录它们的日常活动。
2 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
她的母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙;这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
3 She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisement.
她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活,而不能用于娱乐或广告。
4. Further reading made me realise that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.
进一步阅读使我了解到,时苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进医学院的大门。
condition
【知识归纳】condition 意为“环境,境况,条件”时,是可数名词,常用复数形式conditions;意为“状态,状况”时,是不可数名词。
We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions.
我们应该更加关注在恶劣条件下生活的穷人。
【联想拓展】be in (good) condition 健康,状况良好
be out of condition 健康不佳,状况不佳
on condition that… 如果;在……条件下
on no condition 在任何条件下都不,决不(位于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
My car is old but in good condition.
我的车虽旧但是车况良好。 He is overweight and out of condition.
他身体超重,健康不佳。I'll do it on condition that you pay for everything.
我可以做此事,条件是你得支付一切费用。
高手过招 完成句子
1)The old house is ________ ________ ________.
这座老房子状况不好。
2)I will come ________ ________ ________ Peter is invited, too.
如果Peter也被邀请,我才会去。
【答案】1)out of condition 2)on condition that
worthwhile
【知识归纳】worthwhile adj.值得花时间(精力)的;有价值的
It is worthwhile to visit the museum.
参观这个博物馆是值得的。
The teacher recommended some really worthwhile novels to his students.
老师推荐给学生一些真正有价值的小说。
【易混辨析】区别worthwhile与worth,worthy的用法:
1)worthwhile意为“值得”,指花时间、精力、金钱等去做某事是值得的。如:
It is worthwhile to read the book.=It is worthwhile reading the book.=
2)worth表示“价值……”时,后接价值数量词;当表示“值得”时,后接名词、代词或动名词(不能接不定式),常用well修饰,不用very。如:
This laptop is worth 10 000 yuan and it is well worth buying.
这台笔记本电脑值10 000元,很值得买。
3)worthy表示“有价值的;可尊敬的”时,常作定语;表示“值得”时,常作表语,结构为 worthy of sth.,worthy后面还可接动名词或不定式,结构分别是worthy of being done和worthy to be done。如:
It is a worthy cause and worthy of our hard work.
这是一份高尚的事业,值得我们努力。
高手过招 选词填空
worth,worthy,worthwhile
1). This vase was _____ five hundred francs at the most.
2). Everybody has roots. It is _______ to search for his roots.3). She proved herself a _______ successor of the former champion.4). This book is well _______ reading and it is ______ of being read a second time.
【解析】1). worth 2). worthwhile 3). worthy 4). worth; worthy
Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.【知识归纳】“only + 状语”放在句首时,主句部分要用部分倒装,即将助动词、情态动词或连系动词置于主语之前。但“only + 主语”放在句首时,主句不倒装。
Only in this way can we learn English better
只有这样;我们才能学好英语。
Only then did I remember that I had left my cell phone in the restaurant.
【易混辨析】only if与if only
only if…意为“只要,只有”,引导条件状语从句,位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装。
if only…表示一种愿望,意为“要是……就好了,但愿”,引导的句子通常用虚拟语气。
If only he had been here.
要是他当时在这儿就好了。
I dread the coming exams. If only I could have time to review my lessons.
我对即将到来的考试非常担心。如果我有时间复习该有多好啊。
高手过招
1)Only then___________how much damage had been caused.
A.she realized B.she had realized C.had she realized D.did she realize
2)____ by keeping down cost will PowerData hold its advantage over other companies.
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
【解析】1)答案D。“only + 状语”放在句首时,主句部分要用部分倒装,再根据时间then判断主句应用一般过去时,所以用did she realize。
2)答案A。四个选项中,只用“only + 状语”放在句首时,主句才用部分倒装。
argue
【知识归纳】argue v.争论,辩论:说服;主张,认为
argue with sb.about / over sth.就某事和某人争辩,如:
argue sb into / out of doing 说服某人做/不做某事(= persuade sb to/ not to do = persuade sb into/ out of doing)
argue+that从句 主张,认为
argue for / against支持/反对
【联想拓展】argument n. 论点,争论,论据
settle an argument解决争端 beyond argument无可争辩
高手过招 完成句子
1)We are always arguing _______ each other _______ money.
2)They argued me _______ buying a new bike.
3)He argued ______ smoking, and insisted that it was _______ argument that smoking was harmful to health.
【解析】1)with; about/over 2)into 3)against; beyond
inspire
【知识归纳】inspire vt.鼓舞;激励;引发;赋予……灵感。主要用法有:
inspire sb 鼓励某人;赋予某人灵感
inspire sb to sth. 鼓励某人某事
inspire sb to do sth.(=encourage sb. to do sth.) 鼓励某人做某事
inspire sth. in sb = inspire sb. with sth. 使某人产生……;鼓励某人……
【联想拓展】inspiration n.灵感;启发;鼓舞人的事或人
inspired adj.受到鼓舞的;有灵感的 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的,激励的
高手过招 完成句子
1) The teacher’s words ________ ________ ________ ________.
= The teacher’s words ________ ________ ________ ________.
老师的话使他产生了希望。
2)The students were all ________ by the _________ song.
学生们都被这首振奋人心的歌曲所鼓舞。
【解析】1)inspired him with hope; inspred hope in him 2)inspired; inspiring
look down on/upon
【知识归纳】look down on/upon看不起,轻视
I hope you don’t look down upon/on this kind of work.
我希望你不要看不起这种工作。
【联想拓展】
由look构成的常见动词短语:
look at 看着 look about/around环顾四周
look after 照料;照看 look forward to盼望;期待
look for 寻找 look into向里看;调查
look on旁观;观望 look out向外看;当心,小心
look like看起来像 look over检查;检阅
look through浏览;检查 look up to尊敬 look down at低头看某事
高手过招 选词填空
look up look down on look forward to look into
1)I’m ____________ going to your party.
2)The police have received the complaint, and they are ____________ it.
3)We should not ____________ manual labour.
4)Please ____________ these words in your dictionary.
【解析】1)looking forward to 2)looking into 3)look down on 4)look up
intend
【知识归纳】intend v.打算;意欲;想要
intend to do/ doing sth打算做某事
intend sb to do sth = intend that sb (should) do sth 打算让某人做某事
intend sth for sb / be intended for sb 打算供某人使用;打算送给某人
I intend studying abroad.= I intend to study abroad.
我打算出国留学。
高手过招 完成句子
1)I _______ _______ _______ _______ your house last night but it rained.
昨晚我本打算来你家的,但是下雨了。
2)This gift ______ _______ _______ you.
这礼物是送给你的。
【答案】1)intended to come to 2)is intended for
单词拼写
1. I’ve a_________ only half of what I’d hoped to do.
2. You can go out on c__________ that you wear an overcoat.
3. She d__________ all her efforts to her task.
4. The police o__________ the man enter the bank.
5. We a_________ with the waiter about the price of the meal.
6. Will you __________ (支持) me in my campaign for election?
7. He’s involved in the ___________ (组织)of a new club.
8. She was ashamed of her children’s bad ___________ (举止).
9. He fell in the water, much to the ____________ (开心) of the children.
10. Did you __________ (传递) my message to my father?
【解析】1. achieved 2. condition 3. devoted 4. observed 5. argued 6. support 7. organization 8. behaviour 9. entertainment 10. deliver
句型转换
根据A句句义,用适当的句型或短语完成B 句,使其句义相同或相近。1. A: It occurred to me that I had left my dictionary at home. B: It_______me that I had left my dictionary at home.2. A: Mother seemed to know that. B: It_______that mother________ that.3. A: A teacher observed her climb over the gate. B: She was observed ________ ________ over the gate by the te
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