Unit 4
Body language
基础知识自测
一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。
1.__________[nCd]v. 点头
2.__________[5similE]adj. 相似的
3.__________[E5vCid]vt.避免；消除
4.__________[5dVestFE]n＆ v.姿势； 做手势
5.__________[E5^ri:mEnt]n.一致；协议
6.__________[5lEukEl]adj. 地方的；当地的
7.__________[tFest]n.胸膛
8.__________[E5prEutF]n.＆vt.接近；方法
9.___________[5dVenErEl]n.＆adj.一般的；
普通；将军
nod
similar
avoid
gesture
agreement
local
chest
approach
general
10.__________[5kjuEriEs]adj. 好奇的
11.__________[E5dQlt]n.＆ adj. 成人的
12.__________[5kCmidi]n.喜剧
13.__________[5meidVE]adj.较大的；主要的
14.__________[tQtF]vt.触摸；感动
15.__________[5streindVE]n.陌生人
16.__________[5spEukEn]adj. 口头的
17.__________[tFi:k]n. 面颊
18.__________[5AkFEn]n.行为；动作
19.__________[5pQniF]vt. 惩罚
20._____________[iks5preFEn] n. 表达；表情
expression
curious
adult
comedy
major
touch
stranger
spoken
cheek
action
punish
二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1.When travelling abroad, I’m always ________ about the customs and lifestyle of ______ people.
2.Our Olympic volunteers, who are ______________ Chinese people, will go all out to do a good job.
3.Is that Tom’s friend from USA? I’d like him to ___________ her to me.
4.At the meeting they discussed three different a_____________ to the study of maths.
5.He is so tall that his head nearly t__________ the ceiling.
touches
curious
local
representing
introduce
approaches
6. I was practically __________ off（睡着）in that meeting.
7. She braked her car hard to avoid _________(bump) into a car turning suddenly out of a corner.
8. He raised his hands in a _________ of despair.
9. Children should see Three-D films with the company of __________.
10. Such wrong behavior should be stopped and even p___________.
punished
nodding
bumping
gesture
adults
三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Read the following ____________ and decide whether they are true or false. (state)
2. He was a physics __________. That’s to say, he ____________ in physics. (major)
3. The tiger is a ________________ of the cat family. (represent)
4. The wonderful ______________ (introduce) of the book arose my _____________ (curious) to know more about the story.
5. As we all know, __________ speak louder than words. (act)
statements
majored
major
representative
curiosity
introduction
actions
6. Something __________ (speak) hung in the air between them.
7. Her ________ (face) expression showed that she did not quite understand what was going on.
8. After a sic-day negotiation(谈判), the two sides finally came to an __________ (agree).
9. I told him I’d meet him here, but perhaps he ______________ (understand) and went straight to the pub.
10. He entered the room, ___________ (close) followed by the rest of the family.
unspoken
facial
agreement
misunderstood
closely
四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。
1. 相反_________________________
2. 一般来说_____________________
3. 丢脸_________________________
4. 愿意_________________________
5. 背对，拒绝帮助______________________
6. 面部表情____________________________
7. 伸手________________________________
8.保护……以免受＿＿＿＿＿________＿＿＿
defend…. against
on the contrary
in general
lose face
be willing to (do….)
turn one’s back to
facial expression
reach out
9. as well ________________
10. close to ________________
11. at ease ________________
12. nod at ________________
13. not… nor… ________________
14. be likely to do… ________________
15. be wrong about ________________
16. not all… / all… not ________________
并非全部
也
靠近；即将
放松
朝……点头
既不……也不
很可能
误解
五、词组运用
词组填空 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。
1.Her husband ___________________ her without a word, which made her very angry.
2.At first we didn’t feel __________ before him for we had been told that he was a serious person.
3.She felt so cold that she stood __________ the fire.
4.____________, people prefer to take the train instead of the airplane to avoid spending so much on travel.
5.“I hear you are enjoying your new job.” “______________, I found it rather dull.”
turned his back to
at ease
close to
in general
on the contrary
翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个恰当的词组完成句子。
6. 来自不同文化背景的人会经常误解对方。
People from different cultures can often __________________each other.
7. 他对绘画和作曲都有兴趣。
He is interested in painting and composing _________.
be wrong about
as well
句子翻译 从上述短语中选择恰当的短语翻译下列句子。
8. 整整一个星期，他既没给她写信，也没给她打电话。
_______________________________________________
_____________________________________________
9. 并非所有人都喜欢吃辛辣的食物。
________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
1.Not all people enjoy spicy food.
2.All people do not enjoy spicy food.
For a whole week he did not write to her nor give
her a call.
Language points for Reading I

Language points for Reading II
Language Data Bank
1.major (1)adj. : more important; great(er) 较重要的 ，主要的
a major road 干路
这辆车需要大修。
The car needs mayor repairs.
(2)vi.：specialize in a certain subject (at college or university)主修（大专院校的）科目。
黛茜是法语专业的。
Daisy is majoring in French.
(3)：army officer between a captain and lieutenant-colonel 陆军少校
Language points for Reading I
2. represent (vt.)
stand for or be a symbol or equivalent of (sb/sth); symbolize 代表，象征，等于（某人/某事物）；标志
这个方程式中的Y代表什么？
______________________in this equation?
This design___________________________ in modern art.
这种设计反映了现代艺术中一种主要的新趋势。
2)be an example of (sth.) 是（某事物）的一个例子。
What does Y represent
represents a major new trend
3. introduce (v.): make sb known formally to sb else by giving the person’s name, or by giving each person’s name to the other 把某人介绍给另外的人；使相互认识；引见
请允许我介绍一下，这是亚历山大先生。
Please______________________ Mr.Alexander.
allow me to introduce
我想我们未曾彼此介绍过。
I don’t think______________________.
we’ve been introduced
introduction(n.)：formal presentation of one person to another, in which each is told the other’s name(正式的)介绍；引见。
姚明是一个不需要介绍的人（大家都知道的）。
是大家相互介绍的时候了。
Yao Ming is a person________________________.
It is time to ____________________each other.
make introductions to
who needs no introduction
5.avoid(vt.)
keep oneself away from(sb/sth)避开，躲避（某人/某事物）
avoid (driving in) the centre of town 避开 市中心（行驶）。
avoid + doing sth. 避免做某事
我差点扎着猫。
I just _______________ the cat.
avoid running
2)stop (sth)happening;prevent 防止（某事）发生；预防
作为一个驾驶新手，林达尽力避免发生事故。
As a new driver, Linda_____________________________
avoidable(adj.): that can be avoided 可避免的
tries her best to avoid accidents.
6. nod
1)v. ~(to / at sb)
老师同意地点点头。
The teacher _______ _________ _______
她从我身边走过时向我点头致意。
She ______ _______ ________ as she passed.
2)vt. ~sth (to sb)
他对我点点头表示欢迎。
nodded in agreement
nodded to me
He _____ ______ __________ to me.
nodded a welcome
n. act of nodding the head 点头
她走过时朝我点一下头。
She _____ me _____ _____ as she passed.
gave a nod
7.curious
1)~(about sth/ to do sth)
约翰对人类的起源非常好奇。
John ____ _____ _____ the origin of mankind.
我真想知道她说了什么。
I ____ _____ ____ know what she said.
is curious about
was curious to
Curiously adv.
她一整天都在那里，然而奇怪的是，我却没有看见她。
She was there all day . But, curiously, I didn’t see her.
curiosity n.
7. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they Comfortable touching strangers.
不是所有人都以同样方式寒暄。接触陌生人是，距离太近或太远都会使他们不舒服。
They do not shake hands with women, ___________________kiss women publicly.
not…nor… 既不……也不……
nor are they likely to
2)表示否定意义的nor 放在句首，该句子应用倒装的语序.
即把be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语前。
Nobody can learn body language in one day,
________.
没有人能在用一天就学会体态语，我 也不能。
nor can I
类似的用法还有：not, never, neither, hardly, seldom等。
Never has he been to Columbia.
________________________at the party last night.
他昨晚在晚会上一句话也没有说。
Not a single word did he say
他从来都没有去过哥伦比亚。
8. likely, probable, possible
1）possible 常用于下列结构：it’s possible for sb. to do sht; It’s possible + that 从句
注意：possible 的主语不能是人
2）probable 常用于这种结构：it’s probable + that 从句
注意：probable 的主语不能是人；英语中几乎不说：“it’s probable to do sth.”
3) likely 常用于如下结构：sb./sth. is likely to do sth; It’s likely that从句
注意：likely 的主语可以是人也可以是物；但几乎不说：“It’s likely to do sth.”
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow.
He’s very likely to be late for class.
It isn’t likely to rain.（此次的it表天气，并非形式主语。）
1. Similar : adj.
be similar to sb./ sth.
我们在音乐方面爱好相似。
We have similar tastes in music.
金和黄铜的 颜色相似。
Gold_____________________ brass.
is similar in color to
similarity n.
Language points for Reading II
2. respect 1) n. ~ for sb./ sth.
我非常尊重你。
I have ___________________ you.
the greatest respect
学生要尊重老师。
Students should __________________ their teachers.
show respect for
in respect of sth.
就某方面而言；关于某事物
这本书风格极佳。
The book is admirable _____________________.
in respect of style
2) v. ~ sb./ sth.( for sth.)
由于你为人正直，我对你十分敬重。
I respect you for your honesty.
~ oneself 自重，自尊
如果你不自重，又怎能受到别人的尊重呢？
If you don’t________________, how can you _________________________.
respect yourself
expect others to respect you
respectable adj. 体面的；有身份的；值得尊敬的
a respectable married couple
一对值得尊敬的夫妻
respectful adj. 恭敬的，表示尊敬或尊重的
~ to / towards sb. ; ~ of sth.
必恭必敬地静听着
listen in respectful silence
尊重他人意见
respectful of other people’s opinions
respective adj. 各自的；各个的；分别的
聚会之后我们回到各自的房间。
After the party we all went off to_____________________.
our respective rooms
3. be willing to 愿意做某事
你愿意承担责任吗？
Are you will to accept responsibility?
4. Punish v. 1)~ sb. (for sth.)(by/with sth.)处罚或惩罚某人
他让孩子赔偿损失，惩罚他们粗心大意。
He_________________________________by making them pay for the damage.
punish the children for their careless
2) ~sth. (by/with sth)以（过错）为由处罚某人
重罪须处以长期监禁。
Serious crime _________________________ by longer terms of imprisonment.
must be punished
punishment n.
现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
Eg.In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词做定语
Grammar ( 30m )
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man s