Unit 4　Body language
随着网络的发展以及外语的使用，不规范的语言越来越多，造成语言的污染，引起了语言学家的担心与关注，对此请发表自己的观点与看法。
审题构思：
篇章结构：
内容要点：
拟关键词：
构建句式：
【素材示例】
【佳作播报】
Language pollution
——By Frankie
You can find language pollution whenever you open a newspaper，turn on your TV set，or listen to a radio.①Language pollution exists almost everywhere and usually can be seen in the following places：
Chinese characters are written in the complex form.Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use years ago，it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters written in the complex form.
Many goods are produced in China but carry foreign names，which sound strange and have no meaning at all.
Words and expressions being used have a bad meaning.“Ba”，which means bully in Chinese，is one example.Now there are a lot of goods，restaurants even factories or films，with“Ba” in their names.
There are too many incorrect grammatical expressions.Some TV play series have strange names and incorrect grammatical structures.For example，“Ai ni mei shang liang”，which means“I love you without consulting”，is grammatically incorrect and this kind of expression is now becoming popular.
Some language experts point out that language pollution must be done away with②，which is an idea shared by myself and many others.
【赏文酌句】
本文观点鲜明，结构清晰，语言简练。首句通过列举事例的方式直接引出主题：语言污染无处不在；之后的段落分门别类地对其进行归纳，每一段的第一句都是该段的主题句，随后再给予具体阐述，特别是“霸”和“爱你没商量”的实例，使得论点更加鲜明，更有说服力。
最后一段在总结文章的同时，直截了当地提出了自己的观点，收拢全文。
作者在遣词造句上也独具匠心，首段whenever，exist以及第二、三、四段although让步状语从句，分词，定语从句的使用都很好。
【佳句模拟】
1．whenever“无论任何时候……”引导时间状语从句。
[模拟]　Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.
每当我们遇到困难的时候，他们都会来帮助我们。
You may leave whenever you please.
你想什么时候走就什么时候走。
2．do away with废除，取消
[模拟]　The teachers want to do away with some rules in school.
老师想废除学校的一些制度。
佳句背诵
In short, it can be said that health is more important than wealth.简而言之，可以说健康比财富更重要。
It may be briefly summed up as follows.
可简单概括如下。
From what has been mentioned/said above, we can come to the conclusion that only by working hard can one achieve success.从以上所说，我们可以得出结论，只有通过努力才能获得成功。
In conclusion, we should like to thank all those who have worked so hard to bring about this result.
最后，我们要对为取得这项成果而辛勤工作的所有的人表示感谢。
The results seem to suggest that teenagers are more easily addicted to computer games.
结果似乎表明，十几岁的青少年更加容易沉溺于电脑游戏。
——重点突破
(教材原句)However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。
approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近
n.接近；方法；途径
联想拓展
approach sb about/for sth 向某人要求某物
approach to sth 接近某物
on approaching... 一接近……就……
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
【词语辨析】　approach，way，means，method，manner
续表
①You are all new comers here.Try not to make________to strangers.
A．ways B．connection
C．means D．approaches
②Winter vacation is________.I can't wait to go back home.
A．coming B．on the way
C．approaching D．A，B and C
完成句子
③他们走近森林的时候，一只兔子从树丛里跑了出来。
________ ________ ________ the wood，a rabbit ran out of the trees.
④那已算是他能做出的最近乎微笑的表示了。
That's the nearest________ ________ ________smile he ever makes.
用approach，way，means，method或manner 填空
⑤The headmaster made a speech at the meeting in a short________.
⑥Is there any________of contacting him?
⑦I think it's the best________to deal with it.
⑧Her________to the problem is wrong.
⑨She invented a new________to make cakes.
答案　①D　②D　③As they approached　④approach to a　⑤way　⑥means　⑦approach　⑧manner
⑨method
(教材原句)However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。
联想拓展
sb be likely to do sth 某人可能做某事
It is likely that... 可能……
likely to do sth 可能做某事(可作后置定语，修饰前面的名词)
likely adj.可能的
【词语辨析】　probable，likely，possible
①It is________that he has been addicted to the drugs and has difficulty quitting it.
A．obviously B．apparently
C．possibly D．likely
②—Would she mind playing against he former teammates?
—________She is willing to play against any tough players.
(2010·浙江，13)
A．I think so. B．I'm not surprised.
C．Of course. D．Not likely!
完成句子
③她今晚很可能给我打电话。
________ ________ ________ ______ ring me tonight.
答案　①D　②D　③She's very likely to
(教材原句)．..its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.……它的作用是表示快乐和安人心境。
联想拓展
with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地
feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松
put/set sb at(one's)ease 使某人放松/自在
sth be eased 某物被消除
ease one's mind 使某人宽慰
ease sb of sth 使某人消除/减轻……
ease one's pain 减轻疼痛
ease n．安逸；舒适
vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
完成句子
①他轻松地通过了考试。
He passed the examination________ ________.
②医生给了他一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。
The doctor gave him some pills to________ ________ ________.
③在家里她感觉很放松。
She feels________ ________at home.
答案　①with ease/without difficulty/easily　②ease the/his pain　③at ease
(教材原句)In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of culture crossroads！但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难。
——精解诠释
in general总的来说；通常
联想拓展
generally adv. 一般地；大体上
generally speaking 一般来说
as a general role 一般而言；在通常情况下
on the whole 总的来说
in a word 总之
in short 简而言之
①Drunk driving，which was once a________occurrence，is now under control.
(2011·福建，32)
A．general B．frequent
C．normal D．particular
完成句子
②我们正努力从总体上增强环境意识，特别是提高对空气污染的意识。
We're trying to raise awareness about the environment ________ ________ and air pollution in particular.
③一般来说，立体声音响越贵越好。
________ ________，the more expensive the stereo，the better it is.
答案　①B　②in general　③Generally speaking
(教材原句)In most places around the world，frowning and turning one's back to someone shows anger.
在世界的大部分地方，皱眉头或背对着某人表示生气。
联想拓展
turn in 上交
turn out 证明是；结果是；出席
turn up 出现；调大(音量等)
turn down 拒绝；调小(音量等)
turn to 转向；求助
turn one's back to背对
①I'm so glad you've come here to________this matter in person.
(2012·湖北，24)
A．lead to B．see to
C．turn to D．refer to
完成句子
②他走过去向她问候，但是她不理睬他。
He went over to say hello to her，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
③尽管我们很担心，但一切顺利。
Despite our worries，everything________ ________ ________.
④他捡到一块手表，交给了老师。
He picked up a watch and ________ ________to the teacher.
⑤尽管我等了一小时，他仍然没出现。
Though I waited for an hour，________ ________ ________ ________.
答案　①B　②but she turned her back to him
③turned out well　④turned in　⑤he didn't turn up
Not all...部分否定句式&nor引导的倒装句(教材原句)Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各种文化背景下人们互相问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。
——句型精析
联想拓展
①both...not/not...both；all...not/all...not；every(the whole)．..not/not...every(the whole)．..为部分否定；none，not...any；nobody；nothing为全部否定。
②“neither/nor/so＋系动词(情态动词或助动词)＋主语”是一个倒装句型，表示前面的情况也适用于后者，so用于肯定场合，neither/nor用于否定场合。
③“so＋正常语序”表示说话人同意对方的看法或对前文内容给予一种强调性的肯定，常译为“……的确是这样”。
④如果前句有两个分句，或者既有肯定又有否定，要用So it is with...或It's the same with...句型。
⑤“主语＋do/did/does＋so”表示“某人这样做了”，本结构中的助动词不能改为be动词或情态动词。
汉译英
①并不是我所有的朋友都吸烟。
______________________________
②我们中没有一个人可做英雄。
______________________________
完成句子
③李刚事件给社会造成很坏的影响，郭美美事件也是如此。
The case of Li Gang had a bad effect on society，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
④迈克是加拿大人且汉语说得很流利，安也是如此。
Mike is from Canada and he speaks Chinese very well，________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
⑤医生让他多吃蔬菜，他就这样做了。
The doctor asked him to eat more vegetables，and ________ ________ ________.
⑥我不知道那件事，我也不关心。
I don't know about that thing，________ ________ ________ ________.
答案　①All my friends do not smoke.(or：Not all my friends smoke.)　②None of us can be heroes.　③so did that of Guo Meimei　④so it is with Ann　⑤he did so　⑥nor do I care
【考点警示】
1．v.­ing作状语其逻辑主语是该句的主语，注意v.­ing与谓语动词的先后关系，选择v.­ing的一般式或完成式。
2．注意v.­ing与主语之间有逻辑上的被动关系时，选用被动体。
【过关强练】
Ⅰ.用v.­ing形式改写下列句子
1．The man who is speaking to the teacher is his father.
The man ________ ________ the teacher is his father.
2．In the years that followed，he worked even harder.
In the ________ years，he worked even harder.
3．While he was waiting for the bus，he read a copy of China Daily.
________ ________ ________ ________ ________，he read a copy of China Daily.
4．Her mother died in 1990，and left her with her younger brother.
Her mother died in 1990 ________ ________ with her younger brother.
5．If you use your head，you will find a way.
________ ________ ________，you will find a way.
答案　1.speaking to　2.following　3.While waiting for the bus　4.leaving her　5.Using your head
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．________on his past mistakes，Ted realized that he had stayed around the wrong people.
(2013·潍坊模拟)
A．To reflect B．Reflecting
C．Reflected D．Being reflected
2．—We didn't find the Blacks________the lecture.
—No one had told them about________a lecture the following day.
(2013·聊城模拟)
A．to attend；there to be B．attending；there being
C．attended；there be D．attend；there was
3．A citizen in Henan made a big fortune by winning first prize in a lottery，________a large sum to charity.
(2013·金华模拟)
A．donated B．to donate
C．donating D．having donated
4．Nowadays many people keep on the move，________there to be better­paid jobs.
(2013·郑州模拟)
A．to hope B．hoping
C．expecting D．to expect
5．—________us a definite answer can't solve the problem.
—I agree with you.Someone must have a talk with him.
(2013·哈尔滨模拟)
A．Avoiding to give B．Avoiding giving
C．He avoided giving D．His avoiding giving
6．In Beijing Olympics，Michael Phelps swam into Olympic history，________the first athlete________the most gold medals ever. (2013·无锡模拟)
A．became；to win B．becoming；to win
C．becoming；winning D．to become；to win
7．The young man，________several attempts to beat the world record in high jumping，decided to have another try. (2013·宝鸡模拟)
A．to make B．making
C．made D．having made
8．________to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.