高考英语语法复习之
非谓语动词
找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式
　1. Don't teach fish to swim.
不要班门弄斧。
don't teach，否定式
2. He had a good memory like an elephant.
他以前有很好的记忆力。
　

3. It would be a waste of money building such a luxurious villa.
建这么豪华的别墅太浪费钱。
had，过去式
would be，附加情态动词的动词原形
4. Light travels much faster than sound.
光比声音传播速度快得多。
　 5. When asked why, please just keep silent.
当问到原因时，就保持沉默。
travels，单数形式

keep，动词原形
6. The president was warmly welcomed by the residents.
总统受到了居民的热烈欢迎。
was welcomed，动词的被动形式
指出下列动词形式是谓语动词形式还是非谓语动词形式
　1. teaches____________________
2. teaching____________________
3. taught____________________
4. being taught____________________
5. will teach____________________
省略to的不定式
过去式
过去分词
过去分词
省略to的不定式
6. having taught____________________
　7. has taught____________________
　8. was taught____________________
　9. teach____________________
10. are teaching____________________
省略to的不定式
过去式
过去式
过去式
过去式
根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)
1. 因为不按时上学，他经常受到老师批评。
He is often criticized by the teacher because of __________ __________ to school on time.
2. 因为不知道真相，这些村民抗议修建高速公路。
__________ __________ __________ the truth, the villagers protested against building an express way.
not going
Not having known
3. 为了不让公众认出来，这个明星戴了副墨镜。
In order __________ __________ __________ __________ by the public, the star wore a pair of sun glasses.
　4.没人告诉你怎样做 ，就先休息一会。
__________ __________ how to do it, take a rest first.
not to be
recognized
Not told
翻译下列句子，指出画线部分的语法术语名称
　1. Bell is generally considered to_have_invented the phone.
人们一般认为贝尔发明了电话。to have invented：动词不定式的完成式。
2. The building being_built is a conference center.

　3. Having_lived abroad for two decades, he speaks good English.
正在修建的建筑是个会议中心。being built：现在分词的进行式。
在国外生活了20年，他讲一口流利的英语。having lived：现在分词的完成时。
4. All the citizens around were praised for having_made great contributions to the development of the city.

　5. I have a lot of letters to_be_typed and you have to work overtime.
所有市民受到了表彰，因为他们为城市发展作出了重大贡献。having made：动名词的完成式。

我有许多信要打印，你得加班了。to be typed：动词不定式的被动式。
6. His_having_been_given help all the time encourages him to be brave enough to face the difficulties.
一直得到别人的帮助，这让他有了面对困难的足够勇气。his having been given：动名词完成式的被动式的复合结构。
动名词，现在分词，动词不定式及过去分词在句中作什么成分？
翻译下列句子并指出非谓语动词在句中充当的成分
　1. The HR manager hurried to the airport only to be told the plane had taken off.
那位人事经理急匆匆赶到机场想不到被告知飞机已经起飞。to be told作结果状语。
2. Talking to such a man is just like talking to a wall.

　3. He came running.
与这样的人谈话等于对牛弹琴。第一个“talking”短语作主语；后一个talking短语作宾语。
他跑着来了。running作方式状语。
4. Taken as a whole, the 16th Asian Games are well organized.
整体来看，第十六届亚运会组织得很好。taken作条件状语。
翻译下列句子，指出­ing形式的不同含义并判断其类别
　1. Let the sleeping dog lie.
不要自找麻烦(让正在睡觉的狗躺着)。the sleeping dog 中dog与sleeping有逻辑上的主谓关系，即“狗睡觉”(The dog is sleeping)。sleeping 是现在分词。
2. A sleeping car is expensive.
卧车是很昂贵的。a sleeping car中sleeping表示car的用途，即“用来睡觉的车”(a car for sleeping)。sleeping是动名词。
翻译下列句子，指出­ing形式的不同含义并判断其类别
　1. My job is teaching.
我的职业是教书。teaching与my job是等同关系，teaching表达my job的具体内容。表语teaching和主语my job可交换位置，即可表达为：Teaching is my job. teaching是动名词。
2. My job is interesting.
我的职业很有趣。interesting与my job是修饰与被修饰关系，interesting表达my job的特征，性质。表语interesting和主语my job不可交换位置。interesting是现在分词。
翻译下列句子，指出句中画线部分充当的成分及其含义
　1. The old lady hurried to the bus station to see her son off only to_be_told_the_bus_had_left.
老太太匆匆赶到车站给儿子送行，想不到被告知车已开走。不定式短语to be told the bus had left作结果状语，表达出人意料或不情愿看到的结果。
2. We reached the top of the mountain, breathing_hard.
我们到达了山顶，上气不接下气。分词短语breathing hard作结果状语，表达合乎情理的自然的结果。
翻译下列句子，并指出复合结构在句中充当的成分
　1. It was very cruel of_them_to_eat_rare_wild_animals.
　2. I don't think it advisable for_him_to_learn_medicine.
　3. This is for_you_to_decide.
　4. The article is too difficult for_a_child_of_ten_to_
understand.
5. The order for_them_to_climb_the_mountain was given.
　6. John's/John_coming_here will get us out of trouble.
　7. I don't remember him/his_giving me that book.
　8. I insist on Mary's_going_there.
　9. What is most important is Tom's_going_there at once.
【点拨】
1．他们吃稀有野生动物真够残忍的。不定式的复合结构作主语。
2．我认为他学医不合适。不定式的复合结构作宾语。
3．这得由你决定。不定式的复合结构作表语。
4．这篇文章太难，是一个10岁的孩子理解不了的。不定式的复合结构作状语。
【点拨】
5．让他们登山的命令已经发出。不定式的复合结构作定语。
6．约翰的到来将会使我们脱离困境。动名词复合结构作主语。
7．我不记得他给过我那本书。动名词复合结构作动词宾语。
【点拨】
8．我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。动名词复合结构作介词宾语。
9．最主要的问题是Tom得马上去那里。动名词复合结构作表语。

“动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构中宾补由哪些非谓语动词充当？
用动词的非谓语形式完成句子，总结各组句子宾补的用法
　1. (1) Though he is unwilling to give up his choice, I'll have him__________(do) so.
(2) It's a waste of water having the tap __________(run) while washing clothes.
do
running
(3) Unfortunately, the basketball player had had his leg__________(break) just before the match began.
　2. (1) I saw her __________(dance) with her partner when I passed by the dancing room.
(2) The CCTV camera saw the two masked men __________(enter) the bank and __________(run) out with a black bag.
(3) Young people are advised not to reply when they hear their names__________ (call) at night.
broken
called
enter
run
dancing
3. (1) If caught __________(steal) in the supermarket, the employee will be severely punished.
(2) When arriving at home, the host found all the drawers __________(make) upside down.
stealing
made
4. (1) He was online chatting, leaving his homework __________(unfinish).
(2) The manager went into the meeting room and left his driver __________ (wait) in the car.
(3) The director left his secretary __________(attend) to the matter.
unfinished
waiting
to attend

根据提示，用with复合结构完成下列句子
　1.有如此多的工作要做，新秘书感到很紧张。
__________ so much work__________ __________， the new secretary felt stressed.
2. 让灯通宵亮着，这个男孩早早睡觉了。
__________ the light__________all night long, the boy went to sleep early.
什么是with复合结构？
With
to
With burning
do
3.所有的书都标注了字母，我们很容易找到要看的书。
__________ all the books __________ with letters, we can find a book easily.
With marked

翻译下列句子，指出画线部分非谓语动词的用法特点
　1. I have much to_do and I can't go shopping with you.
　2. Many people have caught a bad cold. The weather is to_blame.
　3. The Great Wall is worth visiting another time, I think.
　4. With a lot of problems to_settle,_I am as busy as a bee.
非谓语动词的主动表被动用法有哪些？
5. The plant needs watering.
　6. The problem is hard to_solve.
　7. The man hung around, for there was nothing to_do.
　8. Give me a book to_read,_please.
【点拨】
1. 我有许多事要做，我不能同你去买东西了。 do与被修饰词much有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用to do表被动用法。
2. 许多人得了重感冒，都怪这天气。blame与weather 有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用to blame表被动用法。
3. 我认为长城值得再游览一次。 visit与The Great Wall 有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用visiting表被动用法。
【点拨】
4. 有许多问题要解决，我忙极了。settle与problems有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用to settle表被动用法。
5. 这棵植物需要浇水了。water与the plant 有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用watering表被动用法。
6. 这个问题很难解决。solve与problems 有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用to blame表被动用法。
【点拨】
7. 这个人逛来逛去，无事可干。do与nothing有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用to do表被动用法。
8. 请给我一本书看。read与a book有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用主动形式to read为主动表被动用法。

动词在接动名词和不定式作宾语方面有何规律？
根据汉语提示，用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子
　1. 你认识那个练钢琴的女孩吗？
Do you know the girl practicing__________(play) the piano?
playing
2. 出门时记得关灯。
Remember__________ (turn) off the lights before you leave.
3. 我喜欢打篮球而我哥哥的爱好是游泳。
I like __________(play) basketball while my elder brother's hobby is swimming.
4. 当协议送达时，经理拒绝签字。
When the agreement arrived, the manager refused__________(sign) up.
to turn
playing
to sign

翻译各组句子，指出现在分词与过去分词的区别
　1. (1) When spoken to, please fix your attention.
(2) When speaking, please speak clearly.
别人对你说话时，你要专心听。
你说话时，口齿要清晰。spoken(to) 与speaking语态不同，前者表被动，后者表主动。
现在分词和过去分词用法上有何区别？
2. (1) Drinking boiled water helps you recover.
(2) Make sure the boiling water is out of children's reach.
喝开水有利于你康复。

要确保把开水放在孩子够不着的地方。boiled 与boiling 由不及物动词转化而来，现在分词表进行(即水正在沸腾)；过去分词表完成(水开过，但已凉下来)。
3. (1) There is no milk left in the bottle.
(2) There is no milk remaining in the bottle.
瓶子里没剩下牛奶了。
瓶子里没剩下牛奶了。 remaining与 left形式不同，但表达相同的意思，前者由不及物动词变来，后者由及物动词变来。