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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定,每年总有一至两个题,可以单独考查,也可以结合虚拟语气考查。命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握,难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。其考点主要包括:
1.考查情态动词的基本用法。如: can和could的用法及区别; will和would的用法及区别; must的用法; shall用于不同人称时的用法和should的各种用法; need的用法等。
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2.考查情态动词的“推测”功能。如:can,could,may,might,must 皆可表示推测,使用时要注意以下几点:(1)注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot,couldn't; 语气较弱用may,might或can,could; (2)注意句式。在肯定句中,一般用may,might,must; 在否定句、疑问句中常用can,could; (3)注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时通常用“情态动词+动词原形”结构; 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测,通常用“情态动词+进行体”结构; 表示对过去情况的推测,通常用“情态动词+完成体”结构。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
3.考查情态动词的特殊用法。如:
(1)cannot/can't 与too/over/enough/perfectly/sufficiently 等词连用,意为“越……越……”“无论怎样……,……也不为过”“决不会……,……够(过)”。
(2)cannot wait to do sth意为“急于做某事”。
(3)would 和used to的区别; can 和be able to的区别。
(4)“may/might well+动词原形”意为“理应,有足够的理由”; “may/might as well+动词原形”意为“还不如,不妨,还是……的好”。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
(5)must意为“偏要,硬要”; can用在肯定句中,可以表示客观上的可能性; shall用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等; should表示估计或推测上的“应该”,意为“可能,该,估计,按理应当”; will 可以表示习惯性和倾向性,意为“惯于,老是,终归是”等。
(6)在句型 it is (high) time that中,从句谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟语气。
4.考查虚拟语气在各种从句以及隐含、混合等句中的运用。如:wish,as if/though,if only,would rather,otherwise, without等。
5.考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装现象。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
2014年高考将重点考查情态动词表推测和可能性、必要性、请求、允许、允诺,非真实条件虚拟语气和名词性从句的虚拟语气的运用。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
1.[2013·浙江卷] Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam________ at the age of six months old.
A. was B.be C.were D.is
[解析] B 考查虚拟语气。recommend作“建议”讲时,后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即从句中谓语动词用should do,其中should可以省略,故选B项。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
2.[2013·重庆卷] —What are you doing this Saturday?
—I'm not sure, but I ________ go to the Rolling Stones concert.
A. must B.would
C.should D.might
[解析] D 考查情态动词。由前面的“I'm not sure…”可知是不太确定,因此用might表示“有可能”。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
3.[2013·安徽卷] I ________ to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.
A.went B.had gone
C.would go D.would have gone
[解析] D 考查虚拟语气。前一分句使用了含蓄条件虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反的假设,主句应该用would have done结构。完整表达是:I would have gone to my cousin's birthday party last night if I had been available, but I was not available.
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
4.[2013·北京卷] If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
A. have booked B.booked
C.book D.had booked
[解析] D 考查虚拟语气。条件句“如果我们提前预订”是对过去的假设,所以用过去完成时,选D项。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
5.[2013·北京卷] —You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.
—Well, I don't know. It ________ do.
A. might B.need
C.would D.should
[解析] A 考查情态动词。对于下雨与否不知道,所以选用语气最弱的情态动词might,仅仅表示非常不肯定的猜测。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
6.[2013·湖南卷] He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A. wouldn't B.shouldn't
C.couldn't D.mustn't
[解析] C 考查情态动词。句意:尽管他想睡,但是却睡不着,当时他一直在拼命想着一件事,直到想清楚了为止。此处couldn't意为 “不能”,符合题意。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
7.[2013·江西卷] When I was a child, I ________ watch TV whenever I wanted to.
A. should B.could C.must D.need
[解析] B 考查情态动词。句意:当我还是孩子时,我想看电视时就可以看。should应该,将会;could意为“可以,能够”,符合语境;must必须,一定;need需要。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
8.[2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] Since nobody gave him any help, he ________ have done the research on his own.
A. can B.must
C.would D.need
[解析] B 考查情态动词。句意:既然没有人给他任何帮助,他一定是自己做的那项研究。此处用must表示接近事实的推测。can“能够”,也可以用在一般疑问句或否定句中表示推测,意为“怎么可能或不可能”;would过去常常,愿意;need需要。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
9.[2013·重庆卷] —It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________.
A.hadn't B.haven't
C.didn't D.don't
[解析] A 考查虚拟语气。主句用would have done结构,从句对应用had done结构,答语省略了 taken the umbrella。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
10.[2013·浙江卷] I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn't have enjoyed B.needn't have enjoyed
C.wouldn't have enjoyed D.couldn't have enjoyed
[解析] D 考查情态动词。句意:我从没有玩得这么高兴过——真是完美的一天。此处是not与more连用,表示肯定,相当于最高级形式,同时couldn't have done表示“过去本不可能做过某事,但实际上却做了”,是对过去情况的一种推测,故选D项。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
1.—The wind is always blowing here.
—How I wish it________ today.
A.won't blow B.didn't blow
C.doesn't blow D.isn't blowing
[解析] B 考查虚拟语气。从信息词wish可知,要使用虚拟语气,再根据时间状语today可以得知与现在事实相反,故使用过去时。句意:“这里的风总吹个不停。”“我多么希望今天没有风呀。”
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
2.When I was a child, my father________ read me a story at night before bedtime.
A.would B.should
C.could D.might
[解析] A 考查情态动词。would表示“过去常常做什么”,即表示“过去习惯性的动作”。should可能,应该;could可以,可能;might可以,可能。句意:当我还是小孩子的时候,我父亲常常会在晚上我睡觉前给我读故事。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
3.—Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.
—Well. He________ have gone far—his glasses are still here.
A.shouldn't B.mustn't C.can't D.wouldn't
[解析] C 考查情态动词。“情态动词+have done”既可以表示对过去情况的推测,也可以表示对过去情况的虚拟。shouldn't have done本不应该做某事,实际上却做了;can't have done不可能做了某事;wouldn't have done不会做了某事。句意:“你知道大卫到哪里去了吗?我到处都找不到他。”“他不可能走远,他的眼镜还在这里。” 根据句意可知,是对过去发生的事情的否定推测,故使用can't have done。故C项正确。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
4.—We need a person very much to think up a creative idea.
—________ the new manager have a try?
A.Shall B.Must C.Should D.Need
[解析] A 考查情态动词。shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方意见或向对方请示。句意:“我们非常需要一个人来想出一个有创造性的意见。”“新经理可以试一下吗?”
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
5. The weather in the south is generally warm, but it________ be very cold sometimes.
A.may B.shall C.will D.can
[解析] D 考查情态动词。句意:南方的天气通常很暖和,但有时也可能很冷。may表示的可能性比can小;shall表示征求对方意见;will表示意愿;can此处表示客观上的推测。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
6. ________ Anirban Maitra, a professor at Oxford University, Jack's success would not have been possible.
A.If it wasn't for B.Were it not for
C.Had it not been for D.If it hasn't been for
[解析] C 考查虚拟语气。根据主句would not have been可看出这是对过去情况的虚拟,所以条件句用过去完成时。又因为虚拟条件句中有had,should,were时,可以将if去掉,然后把had,should,were提到主语前面,故选C项。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
7. It's time that we________ the lid on the accident and everyone will insist on punishing the criminal.
A. lifted B.will lift
C.have lifted D.lift
[解析] A 考查虚拟语气。在“It's time that …”句型中,that从句部分的谓语动词要用过去时态或“should + 动词原形”。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
8. I know that it will be difficult to pick him out in such a crowd, but if you________ happen to see him, give him this packet.
A. would B.might C.should D.could
[解析] C 考查情态动词。 should用于条件句中可以表示语气较强的假设,意为“万一,竟然”。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
9. With all his money, he ________ worry about a little thing like 5 cents!
A. can B.must
C.may D.should
[解析] D 考查情态动词。此处should表示惊讶,意为“竟然”。
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专题七 情态动词与虚拟语气
10.—Sir,________ you park your car at this Fire Engine Access?
—Sorry, I didn't notice that.
A. can B.must
C.will D.may
[解析] B 考查情态动词。此处must表示“偏要,非得”的含义,暗含说话人的不满情绪。句意:“先生,你非得把车停在消防通道那儿吗?”“对不起,我刚才没注意到。”
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备用习题
1. Without joint efforts of all the members, we ________our task in such a short t
A.shouldn't accomplish
B.shouldn't have accomplished
C.couldn't accomplish
D.couldn't have accomplished
[解析] D 考查虚拟语气。本句是由without引起的含蓄条件虚拟语气,couldn't have done sth表示“本不能做成但实际上做成了某事”。
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备用习题
2.—Carla ________ go to the historical museum after school when she was a teenager.
—No wonder she is so familiar with history.
A. could B.should C.might D.would
[解析] D 考查情态动词。句意:“当卡拉还是青少年的时候,她常常会在放学后去历史博物馆。”“难怪她对历史那么熟悉。”从语境上分析, would在本句中表示“过去常常……”。
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备用习题
3.The sleeping baby would be scared ________ a sudden loud noise.
A.was there B.there was
C.should there be D.there should be
[解析] C 考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意:如果有突然的、大的吵闹声,正在睡觉的婴儿就会被吓到。根据前面的would be可知与现在或者将来相反,should there be可以还原为if there should be。故选C项。
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备用习题
4.You ________park your car in front of the teaching building, for the students are coming out soon.
A.don't have to B.mustn't
C.may not D.would not
[解析] B 考查情态动词。语境表达“不允许你把车停在教学楼前”,故选择mustn't,表示“禁止,不许”。
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备用习题
5.—Is Jack on duty today?
—It ________ be him; it's his turn tomorrow.
A.mustn't B.won't C.can't D.needn't
[解析] C 考查情态动词。根据答语的后半句可知“一定不是他值日”。can 表示推测时经常用于否定句或疑问句中;mustn't 表示禁止,不能用来表示推测。
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备用习题
6.________ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games,I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
A.If I devoted B.Had I devoted
C.Would I be devoted D.Should I be devoted
[解析] B 考查倒装及虚拟语气。此处为省略if的虚拟条件句,因从句表示与过去的事实相反,所以从句谓语动词应使用过去完成时,此题是将had提至句首且省略if。故选B项。
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备用习题
7. —How dangerous it was!
—Yes, but for the passerby's quick action,the girl ________.
A.had been drowned B.might be drowned
C.would have been drowned
D.must have been drowned
[解析] C 考查虚拟语气。本题的条件句是通过but for “要不是……,如果没有……”表现出来的。句意:“真是太危险了!”“是的。要不是过路人的迅速行动,这个女孩子就会被淹死了。”根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟,故使用“情态动词+have done”的形式。D项表示对过去情况的推测,而不是虚拟。
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备用习题
8. —Jenny took the 8:00 bus to Guangzhou this morning.
—Really? She ________ the 9:00 train. It's much more comfortable and safer to travel by train.
A.could have taken B.should take
C.must have taken D.can take
[解析] A 考查情态动词的用法。句意:“今天上午珍妮乘8点的公共汽车去了广州。”“真的吗?她本来能坐9点的火车的。坐火车比坐公共汽车舒适、安全得多。”could have done sth表示“本来能做但实际上未能做成某事”。
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备用习题
9. It's said that there are plenty of hotels in this town. There ________ be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.
A.wouldn't B.mustn't
C.shouldn't D.needn't
[解析] C 考查情态动词的用法。句意:据说这个城市有许多宾馆。你找住的地方不应该有问题。 shouldn't此处表示“按理不会,理应不会”。
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备用习题
10.—My son failed to be accepted by the firm after the interview.
—Now that he wasn't well prepared, he might as well ________.
A.not try B.not to have tried
C.not to try D.not have tried
[解析] D 考查情态动词的用法。句意:“我的儿子面试后没被公司录用。”“既然他没有准备好,他就不该去试。”might as well意为“不妨,何妨,还是……的好”,后接动词原形,故排除B、C;这里用might as well not have done sth表示“过去原本不该做某事(而实际上却做了)”。