专题十二　特殊句式
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
特殊句式主要指：省略、倒装、强调、祈使、反意疑问句和主谓一致。其中高考考查的重点是祈使、倒装和强调结构。其考点主要包括：
1．省略句
(1)在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略，同时将从句的谓语动词变为分词形式。
(2)在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，谓语是be动词时，从句的主语、谓语可以省略。如：when/where/if necessary。
返回目录
(3)当句子的谓语部分省略时，若只用代词代替句子，则需用代词的宾格形式。
(4)当省略不定式的内容时，须保留to。
(5)not，so，neither的“替代性”省略。
2.感叹句、祈使句和反意疑问句
(1)what与how引导的感叹句作为宾语从句出现在试题中，其难点有两方面：一是复数名词或不可数名词前面用what还是how; 二是感叹句的语序。
(2)祈使句的主要考点是：根据句式特点判断是祈使分句还是状语成分； 祈使句＋and/or＋结果分句。
(3)反意疑问句主要考查主从复合句和并列句后面的反意疑问句。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
3.倒装句
(1)以here，there，out，in，up，down，away等副词开头，谓语动词多为be，come，go等时，则用全部倒装。
(2)以then，now，thus等开头，谓语动词多为come，follow，begin，end，be等，主语又是名词/名词词组时，则用全部倒装(若主语是代词，则不能倒装)。
(3)当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词be，come，sit，live，stand，lie，exist等时，常用全部倒装。
(4)so/such…that句型中，so/such位于句首时，so/such后的主句倒装，that从句不倒装。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
(5)在以never，seldom，not only，rarely，scarcely，in no way等否定或半否定词开头的句中用部分倒装。
(6)only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时用部分倒装。
(7)在hardly…when，no sooner…than，not until句型以及as引导的让步状语从句中的倒装。
(8)在省略了if的虚拟条件句中，were，had或should置于句首。
4.强调句型
(1)强调句型的几种构成形式。如：疑问形式、It might be/must have been…that…等含有情态动词的形式。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
(2)强调句型和其他带有it的复合句型的区别。如：强调句型与主语从句、定语从句、时间状语从句的区别。
(3)not until…的强调。
5.主谓一致
主谓一致主要以单项填空题的形式来测试语法一致的原则、意义一致的原则、就近一致的原则，同时还涉及动词时态、语态等。高考试题一般不会单独考查主谓一致，而是借助于时态、语态及句式(如倒装句)等间接考查。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
2014年高考将注重考查各知识点之间的交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识的力度，在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合到一起，强调了学生综合把握语法知识的能力。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
1．[2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ________ properly in this hospital.
A. can be the patients treated
B．can the patients be treated
C．the patients can be treated
D．treated can be the patients
[解析] B　考查倒装句。句意：医生的数量只有增加50%之后，病人们才能在医院里得到良好的治疗。 only加上强调的介词短语、状语或状语从句置于句首，句子需用部分倒装。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
2．[2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A．when B．that
C．which D．what
[解析] B　考查强调句型。句意：只有在读了这些文件后，格罗斯先生才意识到他面临的任务很难完成。此句是对only引导的时间状语从句的强调。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
3．[2013·福建卷] Not until he went through real hardship ________the love we have for our families is important.
A. had he realized B．did he realize
C．he realized D．he had realized
[解析] B　考查倒装句。not until或其他否定词或词组放在句首时，主句用部分倒装结构。句意：直到他经历了真正的苦难后，他才意识到我们对家庭的爱是多么重要。过去完成时表示该动作(realize)先于从句的动作(went through)，不合语境，故用一般过去时。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
4．[2013·天津卷] It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.
A. that B．where C．why D．when
[解析] A　考查强调句型。此句为not until…句型的强调句式，故答案为that。句意：直到快接近信的结尾处她才提到了她自己的计划。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
5．[2013·辽宁卷] At no time ________ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
A．they actually broke
B．do they actually break
C．did they actually break
D．they had actually broken
[解析] C　考查倒装句。否定介词短语位于句首时，用部分倒装。后面“It was unfair to punish them.”中谓语是过去时，所以选C而不选B。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
6．[2013·湖南卷] Not once ________ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
A. occurred it B．it did occur
C．it occurred D．did it occur
[解析] D　 考查倒装句。句意：迈克尔从来没有想到过有一天自己会成为班上的一名优秀学生。否定词not once置于句首，引起部分倒装。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
7．[2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ______．
A. not to do B．not to C．not do D．do not
[解析] B 　本题考查动词不定式的省略。根据句意可知，警察要求司机不要把车停在路边。“要求某人做某事”用ask sb to do sth；“被要求做某事”用be asked to do sth。 but后的完整表达应该是：the driver was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside，为避免重复，题干中的空缺处是一个省略了的动词不定式。故选B项。句意：司机想把车停在路边，但警察要求他不要这样做。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
8． [2013·福建卷] The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited B．was invited
C．have been invited D．has been invited
[解析] B　考查主谓一致。as well as, together with, like等介词或介词短语连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与介词或介词短语之前的主语保持一致。 此句复合介词前的主语是musician, 故可先排除A和C项，句中有明确的过去时间，动词应用一般过去时，所以答案为B项。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
9．[2012·江苏卷] There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, ________？
A. is there B．isn' t there
C．is he D．isn' t he
[解析] A　考查反意疑问句。句意：在你看来他是无辜的，这一点你并不怀疑，对不对？当陈述部分有never，seldom，hardly，few，little，barely，scarcely, nothing，none，rarely，no，not，no one，nobody，neither等否定意义的词汇时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式，且前后主谓语保持一致。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
10．[2012·北京卷] ________at the door before you enter my room, please.
A．Knock B．Knocking
C．Knocked D．To knock
[解析] A　考查祈使句。根据句子最后的please可知，这个句子是祈使句，句首应该用动词原形。句意：进我房间前请敲门。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
1．I would rather ________ for a walk in the park alone than ________ in the hotel room with my parents.
A．go; to stay B．to go; stay
C．going; staying D．go; stay
[解析] D　考查would rather的用法。根据would rather do sth than do sth这一固定结构可知D项正确。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
2．________ going to the program If You Are the One, he was rather concerned about being turned down in public.
A．Much as he liked B．However he liked
C．As he liked much D．As much he liked
[解析] A　考查as引导的倒装句。本题的Much as he liked going to the program…＝Though he liked going to the program very much…。as放在单数名词、形容词或者副词的后面，引起倒装。故A正确。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
3．He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ________， refusing them when they turn to him.
A．if not B．if never
C．if any D．if ever
[解析] D　考查省略句的固定结构。句意：他非常愿意帮助别人，如果他曾经拒绝过帮助别人，那也是很少的。if not如果不是这样；if never如果从未这样；if any如果有一些；if ever如果曾经有过。故D正确。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
4．When you long for life without difficulties, ________ yourselves that trees grow strong in contrary winds and diamonds are made under pressure.
A．to remind B．remind
C．reminding D．reminded
[解析] B　考查祈使句。本题前半句为when 引导的时间状语从句，后半句应该是一个完整的句子，选项中只有B项构成一个祈使句的形式。句意：当你渴望没有困难的生活的时候，请记住树是迎风生长的，宝石是在压力之下形成的。故B正确。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
5． —Who is making so much noise in the garden?
—________ the children.
A．It is B．They are
C．That is D．There are
[解析] A　考查强调句型。此句是强调句型的省略形式，原句应为：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
6．David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature________ he chose the course.
A．that B．what
C．why D．how
[解析] A　考查强调句型。句意：大卫说正是因为他对文学的强烈兴趣，他才选择了这门课程。此处是对because of his strong interest in literature的强调。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
7．We should give the disabled encouragement to live ________ as we do.
A．as a rich and full life B．as rich and full a life
C．so a rich and full life D．so rich and full a life
[解析] B　考查as…as的用法。句意：我们应该给那些残疾人以鼓励，让他们过上和我们一样富足的生活。当so，as，how等后面跟的名词是可数名词时，把形容词放在冠词之前，如so cold a day，故选B项。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
8．—I wonder ________ makes the video Gangnam Style so popular.
—The unique dance moves and funny horse riding scenes.
A．how is it that B．what is it that
C．how it is that D．what it is that
[解析] D　考查强调句型及宾语从句的语序。句意：“我想知道是什么使神曲《江南Style》这么流行。”“是独特的舞蹈动作和搞笑的骑马舞。”这里用了强调句型“It is＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分”，在这个宾语从句中缺少的是主语，本句被强调的是疑问词what，它可以作主语，how不能作主语，故排除A项和C项。又因为宾语从句的语序应是陈述句语序，故排除B项。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
9． I told mum that not everyone could manage to have 3 meals on time every day, ________？
A．could he B．didn't I
C．didn't she D．could they
[解析] B　考查反意疑问句。因为前面的句子有主句和从句构成，反意疑问句应该与主语保持一致，主句为I told mum，故提取助动词 did。
返回目录
专题十二　特殊句式
10．________ Marx's works with Engels', and you'll find many differences.
A．Comparing B．Compare
C．To compare D．If you compare
[解析] B　考查句式结构。句意：比较马克思和恩格斯的著作，你会发现很多不同。and连接两个并列句，所以and之前的句子应为祈使句，构成“祈使句＋and＋将来时的句子”的结构。故选B。
返回目录

备用习题
1．Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the TV set off, ________ kept away from the unending cry of “You Need It! Buy It Now！”
A．you are B．ought you to be
C．you will be D．can you be
[解析] D　考查倒装用法。句意：只有你睡着了，这和关上电视是一样的，你才能够远离没完没了的叫卖声“你一定需要它！现在就买吧！”only修饰的状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装的语序。ought to “应该”，与句意不符。
返回目录

备用习题
2．A new survey shows that 54 per cent of Americans do not take prescription medicines ________though they are important to their health.
A．as they instruct B．as were instructed
C．as to be instructed D．as instructed
[解析] D　考查省略句的用法。句意：一项调查表明，54%的美国人不按照医生的指导服用处方药，尽管这些药对他们的健康很重要。完整的结构为：as they are instructed。当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致时，同时从句的谓语含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。
返回目录

备用习题
3．Into the dark apartment________， who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy Birthday！”
A．did David walk B．walked David
C．David did walk D．David walked
[解析] B　考查倒装句型。句意：大卫进入漆黑的公寓，大家都高喊“生日快乐”时他感到非常吃惊。介词短语放在句首，且主语为名词时，主谓结构完全倒装。
返回目录

备用习题
4．Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary, ________ great interest in the piano lessons.
A．take B．takes
C．have taken D．had taken
[解析] B　考查主谓一致。not only…but also…连接的并列结构作主语，适用于就近原则，本句的主语是Mary，故谓语动词用单数。
返回目录

备用习题
5．The trouble with such resources as coal, oil and gas ________ that they are not renewable.
A．was B．are
C．have been D．is
[解析] D　考查主谓一致。with 连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词和前面的那个主语保持一致。谓语动词和主语the trouble保持一致，同时根据从句的时态可知选D项。
返回目录

备用习题
6．The basketball coach, as well as his team, ________ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A．were B．was
C．is D．are
[解析] B　考查主谓一致。as well as 连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词应和前面的那个主语保持一致。谓语动词和主语the basketball coach保持一致。故选B项。
返回目录

备用习题
7. ________ different life today is ________ what it was 20 years ago!
A．How; from B．What a; from
C．What; from D．How; than
[解析] A　考查感叹句和介词用法。第一空different为形容词，故用how，句子的正常顺序是：life today is different；第二空是固定短语：be different from…与……不同。
返回目录

备用习题
8． Long long ago, there was a mountain. At the top of the mountain ________， in which an old monk used to tell stories.
A．a temple stood B．is there a temple
C．stood a temple D．a temple was there
[解析] C　考查全部倒装结构。本题是“介词短语＋stand/lie/flow…＋主语”式的完全倒装结构。
返回目录

备用习题
9． On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ________ parents seated together joking.
A．their B．whose
C．which D．where
[解析] A　考查独立主格结构。their parents seated t