专题十一　定语从句
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专题十一　定语从句
定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：
1．考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如：that，which和where，when的区分； that，which和why的区分等。
2．考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose＋名词＝名词＋ of which ＝ of which＋名词。如：
The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.
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3．考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引导的主语从句的区分。
4．考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：
I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
5．考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：
The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.
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专题十一　定语从句
同时还要重视“复杂介词或代词”出现时与并列句的区别。如：
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(定语从句)
He loved his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him.(并列句)
此外，“介词＋which ＋名词”结构，也是一个较为特殊的结构。如：
He was very ill, in which case(＝and in this case) we sent him to hospital first.
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专题十一　定语从句
6．考查一些特殊的先行词。如：当situation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析；作主语、宾语和表语时，用关系代词that/which; 作状语时，用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”，表示在某种特定的情形下。
7．考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。如：
The news that he had passed the exam pleased him and his family.(同位语从句)
The news (that) he told me this morning is not interesting. (定语从句)
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专题十一　定语从句
It was 1914 when the war broke out.(时间状语从句)
It was in 1914 that the war broke out.(强调句)
2014年高考对定语从句的考查仍将不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。
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专题十一　定语从句
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专题十一　定语从句
1．[2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ________ I would be staying.
A. what B．when C．where D．which
[解析] C　考查定语从句。句意：当我到了的时候，布莱恩带我去看我要居住的房子。 where引导定语从句，先行词the house在从句中作地点状语。
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专题十一　定语从句
2．[2013·江苏卷] The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A．where B．which C．what D．when
[解析] B　考查定语从句。先行词a passion for China在非限制性定语从句中作动词remember的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导，故选B项。
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专题十一　定语从句
3．[2013·江西卷] He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
A. what B．which C．where D．how
[解析] C　考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了在这次事故中所发生的事情。 定语从句中带了一个宾语从句，先行词在从句中作状语，where相当于in which。
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专题十一　定语从句
4．[2013·辽宁卷] He may win the competition, ________ he is likely to get into the national team.
A．in which case B．in that case
C．in what case D．in whose case
[解析] A　考查定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中用which; in which case 指代前面he may win the competition。
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专题十一　定语从句
5．[2013·山东卷] There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
A. as B．that
C．when D．where
[解析] A　考查定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句，as is often the case意思是“情况常常如此”。
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专题十一　定语从句
6．[2013·四川卷] Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
A. what B．which C．when D．where
[解析] D　考查定语从句的用法。此处the environment为先行词，where代替这一先行词作后面定语从句的状语。句意：如今人们更关心他们居住的环境。
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专题十一　定语从句
7．[2013·天津卷] We have launched another man­made satellite，________ is announced in today's newspaper.
A. that B．which C．who D．what
[解析] B　考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。此句的先行词指代前面整个句子，且是非限制性定语从句，需用which引导。that不引导非限制性定语从句。句意：我们已经发射了另一颗人造卫星，这在今天的报纸上公布了。
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专题十一　定语从句
8．[2013·浙江卷] The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A. all of what B．all of which
C．all of them D．all of whom
[解析] D　考查定语从句。该句中的先行词是the children，此处先行词在定语从句中作主语，同时表示“人”，应该用关系代词whom，故选D项。
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专题十一　定语从句
9．[2013·福建卷] The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.
A. whose B．that
C．who D．which
[解析] A　考查定语从句。先行词指人且在句中作定语修饰其后的名词“lives”， 所以用whose。句意：这本书以那些生活受到地震影响的人们的眼光讲述了这次地震中的许多故事。
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专题十一　定语从句
10．[2013·湖南卷] Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B．who
C．what D．which
[解析] B　 考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功往往降临到那些善于认识到自己优点的人身上。空格前的代词those指代“人”，且在定语从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。
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专题十一　定语从句
1．Jennifer is always absent from school, ________I suppose is why she is criticized now and then.
A．which B．who C．that D．what
[解析] A　考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。句意：珍妮弗总是上学迟到，我想这是她为什么时常挨批评的原因。which指代上文的整句话，故选A项。
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专题十一　定语从句
2．Members of the Beijing Wheelchair Dance Training Base, ________was set up in 2009, are able to manage their wheelchairs perfectly.
A．who B．which C．what D．that
[解析] B　考查定语从句。先行词the Beijing Wheelchair Dance Training Base作定语从句“________was set up in 2009”的主语，且是非限制性定语从句，故用which，而不用that。
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专题十一　定语从句
3．April Fool's Day is a traditional festival ________ people play harmless jokes on others.
A．which B．where C．that D．when
[解析] D　考查定语从句。句意：愚人节是一个传统的节日，在这天人们可以彼此开一些无伤大雅的玩笑。空格后面的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的名词festival，而festival 在定语从句中作时间状语，所以选D项when。which 和that 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，不能作状语；where 可作状语，但是表示地点，不符合题意。
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专题十一　定语从句
4．—Where did you meet Mr Smith from the US yesterday?
—It is in that market ________ we often buy things.
A. where B．what C．that D．there
[解析] A　考查定语从句。句意：“你昨天在哪里见到从美国来的史密斯先生的？”“是在我们经常买东西的那家市场里。”答语是一个包含定语从句的强调句型，完整表达是：It is in that market where we often buy things that I met Mr Smith from the US yesterday.
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专题十一　定语从句
5. —Is this the school Jack often talks about?
—Right, just the one ________ you know he studied for up to nine years.
A．that B．which
C．what D．where
[解析] D　考查定语从句。句意：“这个就是杰克经常提及的学校吗？”“是的，你知道，这正是他读了近九年书的那个学校。”此句是个定语从句，先行词the one在从句中充当地点状语，you know是插入语。
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专题十一　定语从句
6．He was then admitted to a key university, ________ he graduated with honours.
A．of which B．on which
C．about which D．from which
[解析] D　考查非限制性定语从句的用法。句意：他被一所重点大学录取，毕业时成绩优异。 graduate from从……毕业。先行词是a key university，which指代a key university，故选D项。
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专题十一　定语从句
7. When people talk about the most popular new Chinese Internet words in 2010, the first ________comes into their mind is “Geili”．
A．which B．that
C．one D．of them
[解析] B　考查定语从句。句意：当谈论2010年中国网络上最流行的新词时，第一个进入他们的脑海的就是“给力”。the first相当于the first word，用作先行词，从句缺少主语，故选择关系代词；由于先行词是序数词，所以不用which。
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专题十一　定语从句
8．Foreign ministers of the two countries hold regular meetings, ________they can exchange views on international issues of both concern.
A．what B．where
C．which D．why
[解析] B　考查定语从句。先行词是 meetings，引导词在从句中作状语，where相当于in the meetings。句意：两国外交部长定期举行会议，在会议上他们可以就双方都关心的国际事务交流观点 。
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专题十一　定语从句
9. The book, ________ are true stories about great scientists of the 20th century, is well worth reading.
A．which B．what
C．in which D．of which
[解析] C　考查定语从句。这个定语从句是一个完全倒装句，陈述语序是：True stories about great scientists of the 20th century are in the book.which指代先行词the book，作介词in的宾语。
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专题十一　定语从句
10．________is often the case with human beings, many animals sleep a lot when young, but sleep much less when they get older.
A．Which B．What C．As D．That
[解析] C　考查定语从句。句意：动物和人类通常都是这样的，年轻的时候睡得很多，但随着年龄的增长睡得越少了。as引导定语从句，放在句首，指代从句内容。as is often the case (with)…情况常常如此，……通常就是这样。
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备用习题
1. The small mountain village ________ we spent our holiday last month lies in ________ is now part of Hubei Province.
A．which; where B．where; what
C．that; which D．when; which
[解析] B　考查定语从句和宾语从句。第一空考查定语从句，先行词是village，从句缺少状语，故使用关系副词where；第二空考查宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导，并在从句中作主语。依句意知B正确。
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备用习题
2．The fact is that everyone has to grow up and mature, ________come some growing pains.
A．with which B．when
C．that D．what
[解析] A　考查定语从句。句意：事实是，每个人都要长大、成熟，随之而来的是一些成长的烦恼。本句是“介词＋关系代词”型的定语从句，with源自短语come with；从句部分是一个全部倒装结构，正常顺序是：some growing pains come with which…。
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备用习题
3．Would you be kind enough to help the boy ________Chinese is really hard to learn?
A．who B．whose
C．for whom D．which
[解析] C　考查定语从句。本句是“介词＋关系代词”型的定语从句，介词for源自be hard for sb to do sth。
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备用习题
4．She suggests another approach, one, I think, ________ suits us better.
A．that B．where
C．which D．who
[解析] A　考查定语从句。句意：她推荐了另一种方法，一种我认为更适合我们的方法。从句suits us better缺少主语，先行词又是one，故只能选择A项。
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备用习题
5．The government took good care of the children, four fifths of ________ parents lost their lives in the Anti­Japanese War.
A．which B．whom
C．whose D．them
[解析] C　考查定语从句。该定语从句的先行词是the children, whose指代先行词在句中作parents的定语。which不能指人；whom在句中只能作宾语；them不能引导定语从句。句意：政府把这些孩子照顾得很好，五分之四的孩子的父母在抗日战争中失去了生命。故C正确。
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备用习题
6．This is the best way ________ I have thought of ________ the problem.
A．that; solving B．in which; solving
C．which; to solve D．/; to solve
[解析] D　考查定语从句和特殊用法。定语从句“I have thought of”修饰先行词the best way，I前面省略了that；第二空是特殊用法：the way to do sth＝ the way of doing sth做某事的方法。句意：这是我想起来的解决这个问题的最好方法。故D正确。
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备用习题
7. Dr John has started a social enterprise ________ young people can get involved in helping the community.
A．which B．where
C．that D．when
[解析] B　考查定语从句。句意：约翰博士开办了一家社会企业，在这里，年轻人能够参与帮助社区的活动。 本题的先行词是a social enterprise，定语从句的结构非常完整，所以使用关系副词，且结合句意可知B正确。
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备用习题
8. Men are more suited to occupational environments ________ require decisive action while women are better at jobs ________ a considered approach is most important.
A．which; that B．/; when
C．which; when D．that; where
[解析] D　第一空用关系代词that或which 作主语，不可以省略；第二空根据先行词jobs和定语从句的意思，确定用关系副词where＝at which，表地点，作地点状语。
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备用习题
9. After the storm in Beijing, people were suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A．which B．who
C．where D．what
[解析] B　考查定语从句。先行词是people，故定语从句的主语指人，所以答案为B。
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备用习题
10．The classroom is crowded with children________ have poor eyesight, all of ________ interested in painting.
A．who; whom B．that; whom
C．who; them D．that; who
[解析] C　考查定语从句和独立主格结构。第一空是定语从句，从句的先行词是children，从句中缺少主语，用who指代先行词在从句中作主语；第二空横线后面没有系动词，说明该部分不是一个完整的句子，所以就不能使用定语从句的关系词了，故排除A、B、D三项。them指代前面的children作为of的宾语。句意：教室