高考英语语法复习之
定语从句
观察意义对等的英汉句子，找出句子的对应部分
People,A who take medicine to lose weight,B are most likely to harm their health,C.
服用药物减肥的,a 人,b 很可能损害他们的健康,c。
【答案】
A—b; B—a; C—c。
翻译下列句子，把定语从句的引导词进行分类
　1. All that glitters isn't gold.
　2. Vienna is a place where top musicians gather.
发光的不一定都是金子。
引导词that 是关系代词

维也纳是顶尖音乐家的聚集地。
引导词that，those是关系代词
3. God helps those who help themselves.

4. Gone are the days when teachers were looked down upon.
自助者天助。
引导词where是关系副词。

老师受歧视的日子一去不复返了。
引导词where，when是关系副词。
使用规范的答题步骤，确定各个定语从句的引导词
　 1. This is the school_________________ I visited ten years ago.
That/which/省略
【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为I visited ten years ago，从句的谓语动词为visited，先行词在从句中作visited的宾语，因先行词为物，故引导词用that，which或省略。
2. This is the school_____________ I worked ten years ago.
Where/in which
【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为I worked ten years ago，从句的谓语动词为worked，先行词在从句中作worked的状语，因先行词为地点，故用where或in which。
3. This is the school__________ has a good reputation in and out of China.
which/that
【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为has a good reputation in and out of China，从句的谓语动词为has，先行词在从句中作has的主语，因先行词为物，故用 which/that。
4. This is the school__________ teaching buildings are of ancient style.
whose
【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为teaching buildings are of ancient style，从句的谓语动词为are，先行词在从句中既不单独作主语，也不作宾语，也不作状语，但与主语teaching buildings有所属关系，故用whose。
5. This is the school________________ I visited the headmaster ten years ago.
Where/in which
【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为I visited the headmaster ten years ago，从句的谓语动词为visited，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用where或in which。
6. This is the school________________ I worked in ten years ago.
【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为I worked in ten years ago，从句的谓语动词为work in，先行词在从句中作work in 的宾语，因先行词为物，故用that，which或省略。
that/which/省略
7. This is the school__________made a speech at the forum.
who/that
【解析】先行词为the school，定语从句为made a speech at the forum，从句的谓语动词为made，先行词在从句中作made的主语，但能够演讲的一定是“人”，故用who/that。
根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)
　1. 我想买套窗户朝南的房子。
I'd like to buy a flat __________ windows face south.
＝I'd like to buy a flat __________ __________ __________ windows face south.
＝I'd like to buy a flat __________ windows__________ __________face south.
whose
of which the
the
of which
2. 单身汉就是未成家的男人。
A bachelor is a man __________ cap covers his family.
＝A bachelor is a man __________ __________ __________ cap covers his family.
＝A bachelor is a man __________ cap __________ __________ covers his family.
whose
of whom the
the
whom
of
关系代词中that和which在用法上有什么区别？
填写定语从句的引导词
　1.Students__________ have a wide range of knowledge have advantages in exams.
　 2. The joint venture __________has brought a lot of jobs to the locals plays an important role in the development of the city.
that / who
that / which
3. Please inform me of anything__________ you find unusual.
　4. All measures __________can be taken should be taken to reduce environmental pollution.
　5. The building in front of__________ there is a drug store dates back 500 years.
6. China, __________ covers an area of over 9.6 million square kilometers, is the third largest country in the globe.
that /省略
which
which
that
当引导词确定为关系代词时，that和which用法上的区别可以分为三种情况：
1．用that(四种情况)：先行词为特定词 all, much，anything，nothing，everything，which，who等不定代词或疑问代词等； 先行词前有特定词如形容词最高级，序数词，any，only，few，much, no，some，very等修饰；先行词既有人又有物时；先行词是人；
用“介词＋关系代词”结构翻译下列句子。
　1.刚才我对他说话的那个人是个销售经理。
The man to whom I spoke just now is a sales manager.[The man (who/that/whom/省略) I spoke to just now is a sales manager.]
2.这就是我经常借书的图书馆。
This is the library from which I often borrow books. [This is the library (which/that/省略) I often borrow books from.]
填写适当的介词和关系代词完成句子
　1. All the vegetables are said to be from the farm __________ my parents worked.
　2. The student __________ I often lent reference books was accepted by a key university.
on which
to whom
3. 80 km/h is the speed limit _____________ drivers will be fined.
　4. You should carry your ID card _____________ you'll possibly get into trouble.
　5. This is the key point__________ we should pay more attention.
beyond which
without which
to which
填写适当的介词和关系代词完成句子
　1. Let's just discuss such questions__________ are about current education system.
　2. This is so difficult a problem __________ none of us here can work out.
as
as
3. This is so difficult a problem ________________________________none of us here can work it out.
　4. I'd like the same car ____________________ ____________________________________________________________my colleague has.
as句意为“我想要辆与我同事的车相同的车” (如填that，则表示“我想要我同事那辆车”)。
that (that引导的是结果状语从句)
as作为关系代词，在限制性定语从句中主要用于固定搭配such/so/the same/as…as…中。
注意：such/so…that…中that引导结果状语从句，意为“以致”。 the same …that…表示同一事物，而the same…as…表示类似的事物。
指出下列句子中有逻辑错误的句子
　1. My brother who works on China Daily is in his 30s.
　2. My brother, who works on China Daily, is in his 30s.
3. China which is located in East Asia is on the way to greater success.
【答案】句3，句4有逻辑错误。“中国”是独一无二的国家，无所谓“地处东亚的中国”一说，换言之，不能使用限制性定语从句修饰“中国”，只能使用非限制性定语从句补充，说明“中国”的有关属性。同样，“妈妈”是独一无二的，“体贴入微和好帮助他人的妈妈”让人产生误解。用限制性定语从句修饰独一无二的人或事物会产生歧义。
4. My mother who is considerate and helpful wins respect from all.

关系代词代替整个句子或句子的一部分内容时，which和 as在用法上有何区别？
选用as 或which填空　
1. Mother usually brings fruits to my classroom, __________embarrasses me a lot.
2. The air show being held in Zhuhai is fantastic, __________ can be seen.
which
as
3. Some American troops are being withdrawn from the Middle East, __________ we have learnt from the newspaper.
　4. Some American troops, __________ we have learnt from the newspaper, are being withdrawn from the Middle East.
　5. __________ we have learnt from the newspaper, some American troops are being withdrawn from the Middle East.
as / which
as
As
6. The young lady married an old man with a lot of money，__________ is disgraceful.
　7. The material resists heat，__________ shown in the experiment.
　8. It never rains but pours in this area, __________ is often the case.
which
as
as

关系副词where前面的先行词是否一定为地点名词？
填写定语从句的引导词
　1. This is the teacher__________ I often ask advice on how to improve my English.
2. I have never come across such a situation __________ customers have to pay in cash.
where
where
3. 0℃ is the freezing point __________ water turns into ice.
　4. A party is an occasion __________________ participants should dress formally.
　5. This is a rare case__________ lost money can be found again.
where
when / where/on which
where
翻译下列句子，并指出省略的关系词
　1. Who is the man you were talking to?
　2. China is not the country it was.
　3. I'll never forget the day we met.
　4. This is the place they met yesterday.
　5. That's the reason (why, for which, that) he came.
【点拨】1．刚才和你讲话的人是谁？ 省略 the man后面的that / who / whom。
2．中国已不是过去的中国了。省略the country后面的that。关系代词在定语从句中作表语。
3．我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。省略the day 后面的that/when。
4．这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。省略the place后面的where/ that。
5．这就是他来的原因。省略the reason后的why/for which/that。
关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中；在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。归纳起来，关系词(关系代词和关系副词)的省略有以下5种情形：
1．关系代词作宾语时的省略
当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末的介词宾语时，可以省略。
2．关系代词作表语时的省略
当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。
3．关系副词when的省略
用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。
4．关系副词where的省略
用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略，也可换成that。
5. 关系副词why的省略
关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。
用适当的关系代词填空
　1. The baby ________ is lying in bed is my younger brother.　2. He became a promising player, ________ made his mother very happy.
　3. He talked like a teacher ________ he hardly was.
　4. We should take a great pride in the Chinese people ________ has a long history, a rich culture and glorious revolutionary tradition.
5. Professor Wang is a gentleman ________ our headmaster isn't.
　6. There is no one of us ________ wishes to help you.
【答案】1. which　2. which　
3. which　4. which　5. which　6. but
一、中学阶段关系代词which指人的用法并不多见，在下列5种情况下关系代词which指人：
1．当先行词是婴儿或小孩时。
2．当强调职业时。
3．当强调人的性格、身份和地位时。
4．当集体名词被看作一个整体时。
5．当强调品德或素质时。
二、but用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中充当主语，且只能用于限制性定语从句。but本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相当于“that/which/who…not”。此外，but前面的主句通常带有否定词或具有否定意义的词(如no, not, little, few, hardly等)。