10《虚拟语气》
一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气

三、主语从句中的虚拟语气

四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气

五、状语从句中的虚拟语气

六、几种特殊的虚拟语气
虚拟语气的主要内容
考题点击：
I am not free today. If I ___free today , I __ and visit some of my friends .
A. am will go B. were , would go
C. shall be D. be , must go
2. If my lawyer ___ here last Saturday, he __ me from going .
A. had been , would have prevented
B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent
D. were, would have prevented
3.If I were to see Tom, what ___ you ___ me to tell him?
A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask
C. would , ask D. did, ask
B
A
C
时态
从 句
主 句
表示现在
过去时
(be---were)
should+动词原形
would +动词原形
could +动词原形
might +动词原形
1.和现在的事实相反
一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

时态
从 句
主 句
表示过去
had +
过去分词
should+have+过去分词
would +have+过去分词
could +have+过去分词
might +have+过去分词
2.和过去的事实相反
时态
从 句
主 句
表示将来

should+动词原形
would +动词原形
could +动词原形
might +动词原形
3.和将来的事实相反
1)were to
+动词原形
2)should
+动词原形
3)动词过去式
考题点击：
1.I went to bed early last night,but I wish I so.
A. didn’t do B. hadn’t done
C.haven’t done D. couldn’t do
2.How I wish every family ____a large house
with a beautiful garden.
A.has B.had C.will had D.had had
3. The teacher ordered that students_______.
A. mustn’t smoke B. not smoke
C. smoked D. had smoked
4.The teacher demanded that the work _____ before
4 o’clock.
A. finished B. finish
C. should finish D. be finished
B
B
B
D
二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示
与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓
语动词退后一个时态。例如:
1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were)
I wish I were as healthy as you.
I wish that I had a plane.
2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done
I wish I had been to the concert last night.
I wish you had written to him.
3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+do
I wish he would forgive me.
2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。
常见的动词有:一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose;
四项要求demand, request, require, ask; 另外有:prefer
注意: suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气
He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves.
The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once.
考题点击：
Is it necessary that he _____ the examination?
A. takes B. has to take
C. must take D. take
2. It is strange that he _____ you this.
A. would tell B. should tell
C. had told D. has told
3.It was ordered that no smoking ____ in the library.
A. should allow B. be allowed
C. will be allowed D. is allowed
D
B
B
三、主语从句中的虚拟语气
基本句型：
1. It be+过去分词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…
过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed…
It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.It’s suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.
2. It be+形容词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…
形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better,
proper, funny, strange, surprising…
It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.
It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.
3. It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that…
+ (should)+动词原形+…
考题点击：
His suggestion that you _____ once more sounds reasonable.
A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try
2.He gave an advice that they ____ each other.
A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped
3.My suggestion is that a few more people ___ there
to help me.
A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent
A
C
A
四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice ,
decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中
要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
1)表语从句:
2)同位语从句:
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting
next week.
考题点击：
1. We felt as if we _____ each other for years.
A.knew B.were knowing
C.had known D.have knowing
2. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that
it ______.
A. may explore B.exploded
C. explode D.had explode
C
C
五、状语从句中的虚拟语气
1、用在由as if,as though引导的状语从句中，表示
和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表
示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示
将来用would + 动词原形。
It seems as if the man were his brother.
This device operated as though it had been repaired.
2.用在lest, for fear that和in case引导的状语
从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形
或动词原形。
She closed the windows lest she catch cold.
六、几种特殊的虚拟语气
虚拟倒装句
1.Were it (=If it were) not for their help,we couldn’t have
got over the difficulties.
2.Had I (=If I had) known about it,I would have told you.
3.Should anyone (=If anyone should )call,please take
a message.

What would have happened, _____ as far as the river bank?
(01 上海)　
Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
C
考题点击：
2) 错综条件句

If you _____ him yesterday, you _____ what to do now.
asked … would know B. had asked … would have known
C. asked him … know D. had asked … would know
D
If you hadn’t bought the ticket last week,
how would you go now?
考题点击：
3) 介词短语表条件
But for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded.
Nothing could live without the sun.
考题点击：
Without your help, we ____ such rapid progress.
A. couldn’t make B. wouldn’t make
C. will not have made D. wouldn’t have made
D
4) 情境中提供虚拟语气
Suppose there were no gravity, objects would not fall to
the ground when dropped.
She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t
have left the meeting so early.
考题点击：
I went by plane; otherwise I ____ much longer time.
A.could take B.would take
C.will have taken D.would have taken
D
5) 比较if only与only if
only if 表示“只有”；
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.
if only 则表示“如果……就好了”。其从句中的谓语
动词用过去时或过去完成时。
If only I knew more.
If only the alarm clock had rung.　　　
If only 也可用于陈述语气。If only he comes early.
　　　　　　　
If only grandmother ____ this together with us now.
A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should see
B
考题点击：
6) It’s (high/low) time 从句：
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。　 It is time that the children went to bed.　 It is high time that the children should go to bed.
类似的结构为 would rather 从句：
I would rather you attended the meeting this afternoon.
考题点击：
It is time that you _________ the whole book.
A.must go over B.can go over
C.went over D.have gone over
C
7) 其它手段
１．He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（连词）
２．I might have given you more help , but I was too busy .（连词）
３．Given more time, we could have done it better .（分词短语）
４．… … Such mistakes could have been avoided .（通过上下文）
高考链接:1. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come (MET94) 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken  C. were broken D. had been broken (MET95)3. You didn’t let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired.A. drove ; didn’t get B. drove ; wouldn’t getC. were driving ;wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got (MET95)4.Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ,too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly(上海97)
D
C
D
A

5.___ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the meeting.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will (上海94)6. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ill, and her parents suggested that she a medical examination.A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has (上海94)7. for the free tickets, I wouldn’t have gone to the films so often.A. If it is not B. Were it notC. Had it not been D. If they were not(上海95)8.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she something.A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said(上海96)
B
B
C
D
goodbye