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语法专项突破
语法专项六 动词及动词短语
一、动词的分类
知识必备
二、常用动词短语及其构成
1.不及物动词+副词
“不及物动词+副词”结构在句中直接作谓语,其后不加任何宾语。常见的此类副词有away,along,back,down,in,off,on,out,up等。
break out爆发
break down坏掉,失败,(精神、身体等)垮掉
come up(计划、建议等)被提出
go on继续 grow up长大
hold on坚持,等一会 look ahead向前看
pass away去世 run out(时间、物品)被用光
start off出发 stay up熬夜
watch out当心 wait up不睡觉,等候
wake up醒来
2.不及物动词+介词
“不及物动词+介词”结构后需带宾语。常见的此类介词有for,about,over,after,into,at,to,on,across,with等。
account for作出解释,说明 break into破门而入
call for去叫(人),需要,呼吁 care for喜欢,关心
care about在乎 come across偶然碰到
deal with处理,对付 get over克服
go about着手做 laugh at嘲笑
look after照顾 look into调查
run into碰到,偶然遇上 stand for代表
stick to坚持 wait for等候
wait on伺候
3.及物动词+副词
“及物动词十副词”结构有的必须加宾语,宾语如果是人称代词的宾格形式(如:it,them,us,me,you,him,her等),需将其放在动词和副词中间;如果是名词或nothing,everything等代词时,可以放在动词和副词中间,也可以放在副词后面。有的不能加宾语,相当于一个不及物动词。
add up加起来 break off折断,中止
bring in引进,赚取 bring up抚养,提出,呕吐
call off中止,叫停 carry out实施,执行
drink up喝光 find out查明,查出
get in收割 give away暴露,捐赠
hold up举起,阻止,抢劫 point out指出,指明
put off推迟 put on穿上,上演
put out使熄灭 put up举起,张贴
pick up捡起,接某人,加快 take off起飞
take down声音调小,拒绝 turn in上交
turn up出现,找到 wear out磨损,使筋疲力尽
work out计算出 account for解释
figure out计算出
4.动词+副词+介词
get away from逃离 get along with进展
get away with逃脱处罚 get down to开始认真做
get through to 与……通话 keep away from远离
keep up with与……保持同步 keep on with继续做
live up to不辜负 look down upon/on瞧不起
look forward to盼望 look out for警惕
make up for弥补 settle down to开始做某事
run out of用光 put up with容忍
come up with提出 go in for喜欢
hold on to抓住 look about for到处寻找
5.动词+名词
make sense讲得通 make the bed整理床铺
make a bet打赌 make a bow鞠躬
make faces扮鬼脸 make fashion做样子
lose courage丧失勇气 lose heart灰心
lose interest失去兴趣 lose patience失去耐心
lose weight减肥 take action采取行动
take advice征求意见 take aim瞄准
take breath歇口气 take care当心
take charge看管 take one's time慢慢来
take courage奋勇 take effect生效
take exercise做运动 take place发生
take power取得政权 take office就职
6.动词+名词+介词
make contributions to对……作出贡献
make friends with与……交朋友
make fun of取笑
make peace with与……讲和
make preparations for为……作好准备
make progress in在……取得进步
make room for为……腾出空make sense of理解,弄明白
make way for让路给 make use of利用
take advantage of利用 take care of照顾
take charge of负责,看管
take command of开始控制
take delight in乐于 take hold of握住
take notice of注意到 take part in参加
take pride in以……为自豪
7.动词+介词+名词
bring...to an end使……结束
bring...under control使……在掌控下
have...in mind牢记 keep...in mind牢记
keep...in touch使保持联系 bear...in mind牢记
put...at ease使……放松
put...into effect 使……生效
learn...by heart背熟 know...by heart熟记
take...by surprise使吓一跳 set...on fire点火烧
take...into account把……考虑在内
take...into consideration把……考虑在内
8.带宾语的动词短语
burst into tears突然大哭起来 come into being形成
come into power执政 come into use开始被运用
come to the point言归正传 come into effect生效
go to bed上床睡觉 fall into pieces崩溃
put on weight长胖
stay/keep in touch保持着联系
get in touch取得联系
1.加大词汇积累,正确理解词义。
英语中动词的词义丰富,用法灵活,不易掌握。平时要进行大量阅读,在阅读中理解动词及动词词组的新意义。在平时学习中,要领悟动词的意义和用法,要特别注意一些最常用的词汇,如get,make,have,take等和一些难分辨的同义词、近义词和形近词或短语,更要集中突破,加强记忆,扩大词汇量。如:
技巧点拨
Mrs.Brown always told her children to be good,warning them to ________trouble.
A.live up to B.keep out of
C.put up with D.take part in
解析:句意:布朗夫人总是告诉孩子们要做好孩子,警告他们要远离麻烦。keep out of“避免,不卷入”,符合句意。live up to“不辜负”;put up with“容忍”;take part in“参加”。
答案:B
2.体会英语语境,准确辨析词义。
单项填空对动词的考查是在语境中考查词义辨析,特别是同义词和近义词的辨析。这些选项从汉语翻译上看可能是同义词或近义词,但其英语含义不同,而且可能有不同的习惯搭配。因此做动词词义辨析题目时不能根据选项的汉语字面意义选择答案。同时,要注意对动词的一词多义和熟词生义的归纳。如:
(2013·浙江白鹭洲中学月考)His team lost the game yesterday, and, as captain, he felt he ________ his teammates.
A.afforded B.failed
C.damaged D.fell
解析:fail使失望。句意:昨天他的队输掉了比赛,作为队长,他感到他使队友失望了。afford负担得起;damage损害;fall降落。
答案:B