专题二　阅读填空
本题型主要考查考生的阅读理解能力、语篇分析能力以及对上下文逻辑关系的判断能力。通过对近三年高考题的分析可知：
1.此类题型题目设置难度不大，通过上下文的词汇或短语提示，均可找到明确的答案，但选项中有两项特征相似或相近，要求考生仔细阅读文段，确定合适的答案。
2.考点分布合理，突出主题句、详述句及平行句的考查，注重考查考生把握上下文逻辑关系的能力。
考情分析
3.根据此类题型特点，预计2016年在考查形式上不会有太大变化。在文章的选材方面可能会更富有灵活性，会出现一些生活气息较浓的文章或者一些趣味性的话题。
做阅读填空首先是通读全文，大体掌握文章大意，然后通读答案，迅速找出和文章相对应的关键词，将选项填入文中，再次通读全文，研究多余选项，最终确定答案。
基本步骤
1.先看选项，通过选项中句子的句意或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的可能位置。
2.再看空前空后，由于句子与句子之间有一种相关的联系，所以我们可以在选项中寻找与空前空后的句子有某种必然联系的关键词，从而选择正确的答案。
3.注意代词在句子中的使用，利用代词的指代作用，我们可以从选项中找到相关的信息。
答题技巧
4.注意一些特殊疑问词，如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，那么就要寻找相对应的回答语。
做题时需要注意的两个问题：
1.如果问题设在段首，通常是段落的主题句。寻找主题句时，着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，最后看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
2.如果问题设在段尾，通常是结论或概括性的语句，关键词要在空白前的一句或两句中寻找。 注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等词语。
(一)
(2015·全国Ⅰ)
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
真题体验
Unfortunately，we’ve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37 It’s understandable，but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there.
• 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well­being.
• 39 If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
•You didn’t lose “everything”.Once trust is lost，what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead，it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
36.解析　第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。)是对trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文出现的trust，并且继续解释trust的含义；putting confidence in someone(对某人寄托信任)，故选B项。注意：选项B与第一句为顺承关系。
答案　B
37.解析　选项E与上文能形成因果关系。They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.(他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生。)是上一句Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。)的原因。并且与下一句It’s understandable...(这是可以理解的……)有顺承关系。
答案　E
38.解析　空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。并且选项A.Learn to really trust yourself.(学会真正信任你自己。)与空格后的Having confidence in yourself形成同义复现。trust yourself相当于have confidence in yourself。
答案　A
39.解析　空格位于段首，根据文章结构分析，极有可能是祈使句。下文中If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.(如果你遭遇了背叛，那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。但是成为受害者与以“受害者的心态”活着是有区别的。)反复出现victim一词，而选项C中的关键词也为victim，形成原词复现。选项C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。)起到总起本段的作用。
答案　C
40.解析　Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见。)与下一句Instead，it’s a healthy way...for positive...(相反，这是一个健康的方式……)形成转折关系。并且选项中的positive与下文的positive形成原词复现。
答案　G
(二)
(2015·全国Ⅱ)
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs. 16 ，buy the best­-fitting，best­-built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double­check the fit. 17 .As always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day. 18 ，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 19 .After two weeks，start timing yourself. 20 .Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A.After six days
B.For a good marathon runner
C.Before you begin your training
D.With each day，increase the distance by a half mile
E.If they still feel good，you can begin running in them
F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
16.解析　根据该空后面提供的语境buy the best-­fitting，best­-built running shoes you can find(购买你能找到的最合适的、最好的跑鞋)可知，这是为了跑马拉松而进行的准备，这应该是在进行马拉松训练之前做的事情，故选C项“Before you begin your training”。
答案　C
17.解析　由该空前的语境When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double­-check the fit.(当你发现似乎合适的鞋子时，穿着走动几天，再次检查其舒适度。)可知，E选项中they指的就是前面提到的shoes，属于指代一致。另外feel good与the fit相对应。故选E。
答案　E
18.解析　空前的During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.(在第一周的时候，不要考虑跑了多远，但是每天都要比前一天多跑5分钟。)提到了the first week，即7天，空格后面说it is wise to take a day off to rest(休息一天是明智的)，这样剩余的就是6天，与A项相关。
答案　A
19.解析　根据该空格前面提供的语境But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.(但是在接下来的一周，树立每次至少跑1.5英里的目标。)可知，与D项的“每天增加半英里”意义衔接紧密。
答案　D
20.解析　由该空前的After two weeks，start timing yourself.(两周后，开始给自己计时。)可知，这里的timing与G项中的improving distance and time意义相关。
答案　G
(三)
(2015·北京)
This Way to Dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant，especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?
So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?
First，understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming，try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple，like taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings.
It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”，being focused，is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 74
Finally，you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75
Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A.Having interesting things to think about also helps.
B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves.
C.Without wandering minds，we wouldn’t have relativity，Coke or Post­it notes.
D.At one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
E.It involves slow，steady breathing for self­control that helps people stay calm and attentive.
F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.
G.Therefore，it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.
71.解析　本段说的是大众印象中的“做白日梦”有哪些弊端，所以只能从B、D两项中进行选择，再结合此空前后They can...和They annoy...句式结构可确定B项为正确答案。
答案　B
72.解析　本段讲了“做白日梦”的许多好处。结合空后句中的such ideas and inventions以及选项中的relativity，Coke or Post­-it notes可以确定C项为正确答案。
答案　C
73.解析　本段主要讲如何做才能使自己获得“做白日梦”的机会。结合空前的will help和选项中的also helps可知，A项“想一些有趣的事情也有帮助(有助于进入‘做白日梦’的境界)”为正确答案。
答案　A
74.解析　本段主要讲如何避免不合时宜地“做白日梦”。空前提到“集中注意力是一些人用来避免入睡的一种工具”，E项中的calm and attentive(沉着和专心)与此相符，选项中的it指代mindfulness。
答案　E
75.解析　根据前一句中...you never know what wonderful idea might strike...可知，此处是建议身边放一个笔记本或一台录音机，以便随时记下或录下你的好想法，所以应选择G项。
答案　G
(四)
(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)
The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.
1.Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids，“What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time?
2.Creativity
True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.
3.Interpersonal Skills
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know what’s going on inside our own head，but what about others？Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think she’s crying？” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？” “If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？”
4.Self Expression
40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music，acting，drawing，building，photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.
A.Encourage kids to cook with you.
B.And we can’t forget science education.
C.We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?
E.Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this ski