Infinitive
动词不定式
真题再现
真题再现
知识梳理
动词不定式的时态
1. I opened the door to enter the room.
2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
㈠. 一般式( to do ).
所表示的动作或状态 与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生，或之后发生。
不定式的用法
㈡.进行式( to be doing)
1. I am very glad to be working with you.
2. He is said to be studying abroad.
不定式所表示的动作与谓语动作同时进行。
动词不定式的时态
不定式的用法
动词不定式的时态
㈢.完成式（to have done)
1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.
不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。
不定式的用法
动词不定式的时态
(四).完成进行式（to have being done)
1. He is said to have been working there for more than twenty years.
2. I am sorry to have been interrupting you.
2.
动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到位于动作发生时
不定式的用法
动词不定式的语态
㈠.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done/ to have been doing)
We want to learn English well.
He is the first student to have got the prize.
We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.
She wished to have been reading as much as the others.
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.
不定式的使用
动词不定式的语态
㈡.被动式( to be done / to have been done)
1. He didn’t like to be laughed at.
2. The chairman announced the meeting to be started.
3. The news reporters hurried to the airports, only to be told the film star had left.
4. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears to have been told everything.
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.
不定式的用法
和否定词连用
We turned down the music in order not to
disturb the neighbors.
not to do
1. 妈妈让他不要花太多的时间玩电脑游戏。
Mother told him not to spend too much time on PC games.
2. 他假装没看见我。
She pretended not to see me.
其他用法
I want to visit an advanced worker.
Robert is said to have studied abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.
He seems to be worrying about something.
He is said to have been working there for more than twenty years.
Pick out the infinitives in the sentences.
Pick out the infinitives in the sentences and tell their functions.
He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in.
It is of great help for us to learn English well.
I didn’t expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.
She listens to news every day so as to find out what’s going on.
The car to be bought is for his sisters.
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.
( 宾语）
( 主语）
( 宾补）
( 状语）
( 定语）
( 表语）
不定式可作主、宾、表、定、状、补语。起名词，形容词和副词的作用。
归纳
不定式
不定式在句中的作用
It is necessary to tell him the truth.
To tell him the truth is necessary.
主语
练习
1. 再次见到你真高兴。
It’s good / a great pleasure to see
you again.
2. 他们那样做是不明智的。
It is unwise___________________.
It is + n/ adj. ( for/of sb.) to do
To give up smoking is right.
It is right to give up smoking.
不定式的用法
of them to do like that
不定式在句中的作用
2. I need to attend the meeting.
宾语
练习
他们决定周末去野餐。
They have _______________________at the weekend.
She wants to see the new movie.
decide,/determine, learn, want, expect/ hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help/ afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten
他拒绝借给我自行车。
They ______________me his bike.
不定式的用法
decided to have a picnic
refused to lend
V+ to do
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装.
学会答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮.
注意：1.动词不定式作宾语时，也可用it做形式宾语。这样的动词有consider，think，believe，feel，make，find等.

I find it difficult to speak English fluently.
不定式的其他用法
2. 和疑问词连用
It is useful to know how to drive.
To know how to drive is useful.
你决定穿什么参加去参加面试了吗？
Have you decided what to wear to the interview?
没人告诉我在哪买票。
Nobody told me where to buy the ticket.
decide, discuss, explain, find out, learn, show, teach, tell,
wonder whether/what/who/how/where/when to do
3.动词不定式做介词but, except, besides, than等的宾语。
但是，在介词but, except, besides ,than 前若有实义动词do时：
What do you like to do besides swim?
He could do nothing except/but wait.
He did nothing else than laugh.
I could hardly do less than lie in bed.
I did no more than finish the work.
难点突破
He had no choice but to give in.
It had no effect except to make him angry.
不定式在句中的作用
3. Have you got any questions to ask?
I have no chair to sit on.
练习
布朗家有一所舒适的房子住。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
定语
Betty是第一个知道真相的人.
Betty was the first to know the truth.
不定式的用法
修饰抽象名词如：ability, answer, reply, chance, excuse, idea, moment, reason, time , promise, attempt, way 等+to do
我没机会外出观光。
I have no chance to go sightseeing.
不定式作表语表示主语的“职业，职责或性质”等，从时间概念上来说含有将来意义。
4. The best way to learn English
is to make friends with a native
speaker.
表语
练习
我的目标是考入北大。
她的梦想是当一名设计师。
My goal is______________________.
Her dream is __________________.
不定式的用法
to be admitted to Beijing University
to become a designer
不定式在句中的作用
5. I didn't expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.
宾补
练习
你可以让你姐姐帮你一下。
You can ask your sister to help you .
我总是劝他戒烟。
I always advise him to give up smoking.
advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, order, persuade, permit, prefer, tell, want, warn, wish, would like sb. to do
不定式的用法
注意
有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,listen to（二听）make, have, let（三让） see, watch, notice, observe（四看）.
I heard them sing a pop song .
The teacher made me answer the question.
We watched them play football .
不定式的用法
Practice
不定式在句中的作用
练习
我匆忙赶到汽车站，只是发现汽车刚刚离开。
He’s gone to the office to ask questions.
I hurried to the bus stop, only to find the bus had just left.
She listens to the news every day so as to find out what' s going on.
I was disappointed to hear the news.
状语
他去办公室问题了。
不定式的用法
To turn to the left, you could find a post office.
不定式在一些特殊句型中的运用：
…too…to …
…enough to …
It is adj. for sb. to …
It is adj. of sb. to…
Sb./Sth. is said/ reported to …
难点突破
动词不定式不带to的特殊情况：
(1)在介词but, except, besides ,than
前若有实义动词do时：
What do you like to do besides swim?
He could do nothing except/but wait.
He did nothing else than laugh.
I could hardly do less than lie in bed.
I did no more than finish the work.
难点突破
(2) 表示“只好,不得不” 的but 之后：(can’t /could not but, can’t / could not help but , can’t choose but)
1)It’s raining hard. I can’t help but stay at home.
2)We could not but face the reality.
3)I can’t choose but finish the work.
动词不定式不带to的特殊情况：
难点突破
Homework
我没想到玛丽会邀请我参加她的生日晚会。
你能告诉我如何到机场吗？
那个书架太高了，我够不到。
你会参加今天下午的会议吗？
我今天早晨五点起床以便不错过第一趟车。
他不是一个容易相处的人。
你真好帮我复习英语。
对不起让你久等了。
Homework
I didn’t expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.
Can you tell me how to get to the airport?
The bookshelf is too high for me to reach.
Are you going to attend the meeting to be held this afternoon?
I got up at six o’clock this morning in order not to miss the first bus.
A person like him is difficult to deal with.
It’s very kind of you to help me with my English.
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting you for a long time.
不定式的常用句型
too…to …
…enough to …
2. This tea is too hot for me to drink.
3. The bench isn’t wide enough for 3 people
to sit on.
4. The fence was too high for us to climb over.
5. The blanket isn’t warm enough for me to
use in winter.
6. The cupboard was too heavy for James to
move.
It is adj. for sb. to …
不定式的常用句型
2. It is necessary for Mary to go to the
doctor.
3. It was disappointing for us to find the
cinema closed.
4. It was interesting for him to read the
book.
不定式的常用句型
比较：It is adj. of sb. to…
1. It’s very kind of you to help me.
2. It’s polite of her to say thank you.
3. It’s rude of him to get into the office
without knocking the door.
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier ________ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
Practice
3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _____the first computer.
to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented C. having invented
4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home.
much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle
in the street, but his mother told him ______.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
6. Little Jim should love _____ to the theatre this evening.
to be taken B. to take
C. being taken D. taking
7. There are five pairs ___,but I’m at a loss which to buy.
to be chosen    B. to choose from 
C. to choose  D. for choosing
8. ________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the
alarm.
A. To sleep  B. Sleeping 
C. Sleep  D. Having sleep
9. With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
settled B. settling
C.to settle D. being settled
10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_____in making the earth a better place to live.
A.to have played B. to play
C. to be played D. to be playing
11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are trying _____their products more competitive.
to make B. making
C. to have made D.having made
12. The teacher asked us_______so much noise.
A.don't make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make