第四部分　“七选五”
2013-2015年高考新课标全国卷阅读填句考点统计表
考点统计 看考向 观变化
考情分析 找热点 寻规律
本题型主要考查考生的阅读理解能力、语篇分析能力以及上下文的逻辑关系判断能力。通过对近三年高考题的分析可知:
1.此类题型题目设置难度不大,通过上下文的词汇或短语提示,均可找到明确的答案,但选项中有两项特征相似或相近,要求考生仔细阅读文段,确定合适的答案。
2.考点分布合理,突出主题句、详述句、平行句及过渡句的考查,注重考查考生把握上下文的逻辑关系的能力。
3.根据此类题型特点,预计2016年在考查形式上不会有太大的变化。文章的选材可能更加贴近考生的日常生活,更富灵活性;或者是有关科技、体育方面的话题。
考点突破 攻考点 克难关
考点一
主题句
阅读填句在很大程度上考查考生对所读材料的理解和把握,主题句的设置就是一个很好的例证。此类题型设空往往在段落首或段落尾,偶尔也会在段落中出现。考生需通过对整个段落的细细推敲,提炼出其内在含义,才能较轻松地找出对应的选项。
【典例1】 (2015新课标全国Ⅰ片段)
38.　　　 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices
because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. 
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future
relationships.
G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what
happened.
剖析:A　空格位于段首,根据文章结构分析,此空需填一个主题句,概括全段内容。由空格后的Having confidence in yourself可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己,因此选A。
【典例2】 (2015新课标全国Ⅰ片段)
39.　　　 If you’ve been betrayed,you are the victim of your
circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim
and living with a “victim mentality”.At some point in all of
our lives,we’ll have our trust tested or violated. 
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it
happen again.
F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their
future relationships.
G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re
ignoring what happened.
剖析:C　空格位于段首,根据文章结构分析,极有可能是祈使句。下文中If you’ve been betrayed,you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.(如果你遭遇了背叛,那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。但是成为受害者与以“受害者的心态”活着是有区别的。)反复出现victim一词,而选项C中的关键词也为victim,形成原词复现。选项 C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。)起到总起本段的作用。
考点二
详述句
解决此类题型的关键是考生应抓住与上文或下文之间的阐述和被阐述的关系。当然在文章中有时会有一些表示详述关系的词语,它们也可以起到帮助选题的作用,如namely,in other words,that is to say,or rather等。
【典例1】 (2015新课标全国Ⅰ片段)
Unfortunately,we’ve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from,lied to,misled,or cheated on,there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.37.　　　It’s understandable,but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again,we have some steps you can take to get you there. 
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
剖析:E　选项E与上文能形成因果关系。They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.(他们曾经受过严重伤害,不能容忍这种事情再次发生。)是对上一句Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。)的解释说明,为详细叙述。
【典例2】 (2015新课标全国Ⅱ片段)
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs.16.　　　,buy the best-fitting,best-built running shoes you can find. 
A.After six days
B.For a good marathon runner
C.Before you begin your training
D.With each day,increase the distance by a half mile
E.If they still feel good,you can begin running in them
F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance
and time
剖析:C　上文提到进行马拉松训练,下文说买一双合脚的鞋子,所以这里应该是训练前的准备工作,是对上文内容的详细描述。故选C。
考点三
平行句
平行关系的题是相对容易的一种题型,考生只要抓住段落中一些表示平行关系的词语(如:and,
but,or,the first,at first,firstly,then,later,at last,at the beginning,in the end等),然后再根据上下文之间的逻辑关系,便能得出正确选项。
【典例1】 (2015新课标全国Ⅰ片段)
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.36.　　　　Trust is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. 
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
剖析:B　第一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。)是对trust的解释。选项B中的It指代上文出现的trust,并且继续解释trust的含义,与上句在含义及逻辑关系上为平行关系。
【典例2】 (2015新课标全国Ⅱ片段)
During the first week,do not think about distance,but run five minutes longer each day.18.　　　,it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week,set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.19.(With each day,increase the distance by a half mile).After two weeks,start timing yourself.20.(Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time).Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter,you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. 
A.After six days
B.For a good marathon runner
C.Before you begin your training
D.With each day,increase the distance by a half mile
E.If they still feel good,you can begin running in them
F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
剖析:A　根据上文中的During the first week...及下文中的during the next week...可知,在第一周里,每天比前一天多跑五分钟,六天后,休息一天。本段前两句话与第三、四句话在时间上构成平行关系。
考点四
过渡句
此类题型是近几年高考设题最多的。考生应注重上下文的语句、词汇或短语提示,如表示递进、转折或让步关系的过渡词语:furthermore,however,on the contrary,although,
though,while等,然后结合文章整体的结构特点确定正确选项。
【典例1】 (2015新课标全国Ⅰ片段)
You didn’t lose “everything”.Once trust is lost,what is left?Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle,look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.40.　　　 Instead,it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. 
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
剖析:G　根据前一句Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle,look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.和后一句Instead,it’s a healthy way...可知,既要看到事情的积极面,也不要忽视所发生的事情。G项Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见。)起承上启下的作用。
【典例2】 (2015新课标全国Ⅱ片段)
No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet,so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.17.　　　.As always,you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries. 
A.After six days
B.For a good marathon runner
C.Before you begin your training
D.With each day,increase the distance by a half mile
E.If they still feel good,you can begin running in them
F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance
and time
剖析:E　由该空前的语境When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.(当你发现似乎合适的鞋子时,穿着走动几天,再次检查其舒适度。)和下文中提到跑步前要伸展至少十分钟以避免受伤可知,这里应该说如果穿着的感觉很好,你就可以跑了。故E项起承上启下的作用。
名师在线 阅读填句多以议论文与说明文为主。因此,破解阅读填句可从体裁入手。
1.解答议论文体的阅读填句题,首先要把握好所论述的中心问题。通常所
挖空缺与选项都以一条主线为主。其次,此类文章中经常出现一些逻辑
关系词,对于理解文章与判定答案很有帮助。如:
(1)并列与递进关系
and,indeed,also,besides,almost,even,similarly,like,
accordingly,in the same way,meanwhile,furthermore,
moreover,too等。
(2)转折与让步关系
but,yet,however,although,though,while,despite,by contrast,
on the contrary,nevertheless等。
(3)例证关系
for example,for instance,for one thing,that is,namely等。
2.解答说明文体的阅读填句题,首先要确定说明的事物。有时说明的事
物 并不单一,甚至一段一个项目。这就要求考生在理解短文内容的
基础上,分辨出选项部分从结构和内容上看分别是属于文章的哪个部
分,并和空白处的上下文有机地衔接起来。当然,此类文章也有一些
可以帮助考生理清思路的逻辑关系词。如:
(1)总结说明关系
thus,therefore,in conclusion,as a result,in short,to sum
up,to conclude,in a word等。
(2)定义关系
namely,in other words,that is to say,or rather等。
(3)因果关系
therefore,thus,as a result of,for this reason,hence等。
对点训练
Passage 1
(2014新课标全国Ⅰ)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.1.　　　 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. 
1.Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious.2.　　　 Ask kids,“What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?”and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better?What could we try next time? 
2.Creativity
True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.3.　　　 There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity. 
3.Interpersonal Skills
Understanding how others