猜测词义
Guessing meanings
高考阅读理解之
广东高考猜测词义题考纲要求
根据上下文推断生词的词义

考试题型：

1.对考纲外生词的猜测（10年remedy）
2.对考纲内熟词生义的猜测（11年swimmingly）
3.对句义的猜测（12年They are spoken at me, not to me）
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The word “...” refers to/probably means……
2. The underlined word “…”could best be
replaced by……
3. What do you think the expression “…”stands
for……?
4. By saying “…”,we mean……
5. “…”,as used in the passage can best be defined
as ……
6. Which of the following words can take the
place of the word “…”?
7. The underlined phrase “…”is closet in meaning to…..?
8. The underlined word “..” roughly means…?
If you come across the new words when reading,
What will you do ?
How to guess the meaning of words?
1. Definition 定义法
3. Similarity 相似法
2. Contrast 对比法
4. Cause and effect 因果法
5. Example 例举法
8. Common Sense 普通常识
6. Word Formation 构词法
猜测词义
7. Context 上下文
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
A. fragile B. soft C. weak D. strong
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(n. 牧羊人)
1.定义法
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示
Guess the Meaning of the Word
小结
2. Contrast 对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。

表示对比的词有but、 while 、or、however、 otherwise、nevertheless等。
Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
A. punctual B. late C. slowly D. quickly
A
(disagreed)
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or three litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies.
A. baby rats B. animals
C. old rats D. grown-up rats
My mind was in a million different places. Thanks to the strict training , Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident.
A. she was absent-minded
B. she was nervous
C. she was excited
D. she was curious
表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though
on the contrary等。
小结
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
1.Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
根据同义词，
2.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
and ,or ,such as, like， for example,
for instance常连接同义词组 。
小结
取代
…
“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend Pat Williams, “He wasn’t a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.”
74. “He was just Joe Everybody.” ( in the last paragraph) means _____.
A. Dave was famous
B. Dave was ordinary
C. Dave was stupid
D. Dave was shy
In lab tests, carbon dioxide was better than heat and several other lures in drawing the bedbug out of hiding.
The underlined word “lures” means something to
A. used to attract bugs
B. used to kill bugs
C. that can tease bugs
D. that can feed bugs
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
(adj. 大的)
Eg. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
Not hear what you said
concentrate/focus her attention on
Since I have finished my paper now, I am going to give myself a treat tonight. I am going to watch a movie on campus, an action movie called “Face Off”.
The underlined words “a treat” here means ____.
A. an action movie B. something pleasant to enjoy
C. a rest D. something nice to eat
All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.
徒劳的
Guess the meaning of the word
根据因果关系
小结
常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，so, so … that, such … that
therefore等)表示前因后果。
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.
(n. 电器用具)
6. Word Formation 构词法：
英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：

super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的)
micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复）
mis-（误，恶） im-（不）
un-（不，非） in-（不，非）
non-（不，非） -able（能…的 ）
-less（不，无） -wards (向)
superman childish
(超人)
nonnatural mispronouce
(非自然的)
homeless antiageing
(无家可归的)  
shewolf sleep-walk
(母狼)
Can you guess the right meanings?

(孩子气的)
(抗衰老的)
(发错音)
(梦游)

1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2003NMET)
unconditional:
nonjudgmental:
无条件的，绝对的
没有判断力的
2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等

Many artists find inspiration in traditional Indian designs
A. confidence
B. creative ideas
C. power
D. good advice
According to Morrissey, trying to find a diet that can cure your illness ,or make you superwoman is a fruitless search.
43.“a fruitless research” means__
A. an effort without results
B. a search for diet without fruits
C. a research on fruitless diet
D. a diet serving as medicine
Spending as little as $US 5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia found.
A. help to find B. help to bring
C. help to increase D. help to get
C
7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。
下文：Their experiment on more than 630 Americans showed that they were measurably happier when they spend money on others…..
根据上下文线索
The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and crops．There was very little we could do about the corps. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded again．
The underlined word "stock" refers to_________.
A. money owned by the family
B．goods for sale
C. supplies for family use
D．farm animals
3. How has the coyote shown this extraordinary ability?” I guess if you wanted to use one word, it’d be ‘plasticity’.” Coyotes can live alone, in pairs, or in large packs like wolves, hunt at night or during the day , occupy a small region or an area up to 40 square miles, and live on all sorts of food, from lizards（蜥蜴）and shoes, to ants and melons.
63. The underlined word “plasticity” in Para. 2 refers to___.
the ability to fit the environment
notorious smartness
C. hunting ability
D. being human-tolerant
A
(n. 猫头鹰)
A
(n. 猿)
8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。
在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。
When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，
he usually gives an anesthetic to make him
unconscious，because he does not want his
patient to feel pain or to know what
is happening to him.
n. 麻醉剂(药)
嫁妆
Guess the meaning
根据生活常识
In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.
Inquiry-based Activities (I)
探究活动 (1)

高考试题词义猜测
2009山东C篇
Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly ,they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when they nearly all smokers are addicted .
A. discourage B. remove
C. benefit D. free
2009北京
So far scientists have focus mainly on public buildings .“ We have a very limited number of studies , so we’re almost looking at the problems through a straw (吸管）.
A. the problem is not approached step by step
B. the research so far have faults in themselves
C. the problem is too difficult to solve
D. the research in this area is not enough .
2009 天津
As in many areas , old habits die hard and the places continues to be called by its unofficial name long before the meaning is lost.
What does the underlined word ‘die hard’ probably mean?A. change suddenly
B. change significantly
C. disappear mysteriously
D. disappear very slowly
2009湖北
One day in 1918, my uncle received his draft notice, my grandparents were very upset. But my mother ,at the age of 10 ,felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war .
The underlined phrase “ draft notice” means__
A. order for army service
B. train ticket for Europe
C. letter of rejection
D. note of warning
2009重庆
When things are getting hard , a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve anything .Then there are other distractions ,such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate.
A. Ways to help me to focus
B. Words that help one feel less tense
C. Activities that turn one’s attention away
D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.
2009广东
We studied the board critically .Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard ,rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs .Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought .
A. formed an idea for
B. made an outline for
C. made some space for
D. chose some color for
Inquiry-based Activities (II)
探究活动 (2)
近几年高考词义猜测
Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words?
----------------------------------------------------
1. There are some glaciers moving down the
mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice.
A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰
2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his
mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.
A. weak B. stubborn C. kind D. clever
C
B
3. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is
A man of few words
A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C. 多嘴多舌的 D.