高考英语复习：
过去分词讲解
非谓语动词
The Past Particple
过去分词: 表示动作是被动的和完成
分词在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
I. Past participle used as attribute（定语）
1.位置: 单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,
被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑
主语。

The stolen car was found by the police last week.

The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience.
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语
就是它所修饰的名词。
2.作用：相当于一个定语从句
（2）The book, written in1957, tells the struggle of the miners.
=Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?
（1）Is there anything planned for tonight ？
=The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.
注：The problem （discussed yesterday） has something to do with daily life. （表示完成）
The problem （being discussed now） has nothing to do with daily life.　（表示正在进行）
II. Past participles used as predictive（表语）
1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，被动或完成
其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
The window is broken.
The inner gate was locked.
She was greatly excited.
2. 与动词-ing作表语的区别。
现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人…”，有主动意思。
e.g. How disappointing the election is!
过去分词：主语的感受，“感到…”，有被动意思。
e.g. They feel disappointed at the election.
常见的这类词有：
interesting — interested
encouraging — encouraged
delighting—delighted
disappointing—disappointed
pleasing—pleased
puzzling—puzzled
satisfying—satisfied
surprising—surprised
worrying—worried
amazing－amazed
shocking－shocked
III. Past participle used as the Object Complement (宾语补足语)
1. 表“希望，要求”的动词：
want, wish, expect, like, order + sth.
+ (to be) done 表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”
e.g. I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.
Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.
能够接过去分词做宾语补足语的有下列
三类动词：
2. 表“感觉， 心理状态”的动词：
see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice, observe,
+ sth. + done
e.g. We saw the thief caught by the police.

People found the water polluted.

Have you heard a pop song sung in Japanese?
3. 使役动词:
make, get, have, keep ,leave, etc.
e.g. We must get the table cloth washed.
= We must ask somebody to wash the table cloth.

He had his watch repaired.
4.在“with / without＋宾语＋宾补(过去分词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
e.g. Do you know the man with his hair tied back?
With the matter settled, we all went home.
使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。
1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。
He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）
2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：
He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。
（自己的经历）
过去分词, 不定式, 动词-ing作宾补的区别:

三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，
但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，
不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，
动词-ing强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。
I saw her come into the classroom.
I saw her coming into the classroom.
I saw her taken out of the classroom.
IV. Past participle used as the Adverbial(状语)
过去分词作状语相当于状语从句，表示被动和完成。
e.g. 1. Asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry.
过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句
(When he was) asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry.
e.g. 2. Given more time, I’ll catch up with you.
过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句
(If I am) given more time, I’ll catch up with you.
e.g. 3. Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.
过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句
(Because he was) born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.
e.g. 4. Defeated many times, they continue to fight.
过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句
(Although they had been) defeated many times, they continued to fight.
e.g.5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.
表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。
The teacher entered the classroom (and he was followed) by a group of student.
过去分词作状语时, 为了使意义更加明确,也可以在
过去分词前加上对应的连词when, while，though，unless，as, if ，等等.
4. Although defeated many times, they continue to fight.
3. As / Because born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.
2. If given more time, I’ll catch up with you.
1. When asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry.
注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式.
注意：
现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别
_______________London (夜里参观伦敦)at night, you are a bit like in a dream.
____________ (当有人夜里来访)at night , you must make sure the visitor really your friend.
When visiting
When visited
1.选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
_____________________________ (写完了所有
的信之后)，I had a drink and went out.
Having finished all my letters
___________ (信写完之后)，the letter should
be read to the one who asks you to write it.
Finished
从山顶看， 我们能看到一个美丽的公园。
从山顶看， 公园很美丽。
Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see a
beautiful park.
Seen from the top of the hill, the park is beautiful.
____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)
______ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress)
be lost/absorbed in； be dressed in；
be interested in； be devoted to；
be caught in the rain；
be seated in； be prepared for；
be determined to ；be tired of;
be born in; be hidden in;
be stationed in
Lost
2.系表结构表示主语所处的状态
Dressed
类似的还有：
注意：独立主格
当我们在使用过去分词作状语时，过去分词的动作发出者必须和主句谓语动词的动作发出者是同一个人或物。如果动作发出者不是同一人或物，不能使用过去分词，必须使用独立主格（主语+过去分词）。
Watched on the top of the hill, the city looks very beautiful. （ ）
Watched on the top of the hill, I found the city very beautiful. （ ）
改：The city watched on the top of the hill, I found it very beautiful.
right
wrong
再举独立主格的例子：
１　The project completed successfully, we sang and danced all the night.２　All things considered, we’d better take part in the activity.３　He rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat.
Exercise:
The managers discussed the plan that
they would like to see____the next year.
A.carry out B.carrying out
C.carried out D.to carry out
2.Mrs. Brown was much disappointed
to see the washing machine she had had
_______went wrong again.
A.it B. it repaired
C.repaired D. to be repaired
3.With a lot of difficult problems_____,
the newly-elected president is having
a hard time.
A.settled B.settling
C.to settle D.being settled
4.With trees,flowers and grass_____
everywhere, my native town had taken
a new look.
A.planting B.planted
C.to plant D.to be planted
5. She was glad to see her child well_____ care of.
A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking

6.The result of the entrance exams was not made _____to the public until last Thursday.
A.knowing B. known
C.to know D.to be known
7. I can make you _____what I say,but you can’t make yourself____in English.
A.understand; understand
B.understand; understood
C.to understand; understand
D.understand; to be understood
8.He found them____at a table_____
A.sat; to play chess
B.sitting; to play chess
C.seated; playing chess
D.seat; play the chess

9. John rushed out in a hurry,___
the door_____.
A.leaving; unlocked B.leaving; unlocking
C.left, unlocked D.to leave;unlocking
10.We are pleased to see the problem___ so quickly.
A .settled B .settling
C.be settled D .having been settled
11.I could feel the wind ___on my face from an open window.
A .to blow B.blowing
C.to be blowing D .blown
12. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(’96)
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
13. The computer center, ___last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (’94)
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
14. The research is so designed that once nothing
can be done to change it. (’02)
A. Begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
15. When , the museum will be open to the public next year .(’02)
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
16. The lecture ______ will be given the day after tomorrow.
A. has been talked about B. to talk about
C. so much talked about D. so much talking of
17. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt