完形填空
高考完型填空专题讲座

技巧点拨
为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?
1.没有严格遵循答题步骤:
多数同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题.事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到15-18分钟.
切记:一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.
2. 不注意积累答题技巧:
a. 忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;
b. 遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.
模棱两可处和看不懂，该怎么办？
似懂非懂，找寻答案就如大海掏针
从头到尾充满了暗示
猜也要猜得有理有据
命题是艺术，解题就是技术；命题是设计陷阱，技巧就是识破陷阱
不看文章和题干，让你轻松选答案(民间药方）
（2010辽宁卷）
36 A worried B sad C surprised D nervous
52 A Largely B Generally C Gradually D Probably
47 As I found out , there is ______46,often no perfect equivalence( ) between two ___47 in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to ___48 that a Chinese "equivalent" can never give you the ___49 meaning of a word in English!
47 A words B srill C ideas D characters
词汇题
高考完形
填空考什么？
篇章结构
句际关系
题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章.
内容完整,逻辑性强,语言结构严谨.
考察近义词语细微差别的辨析.
考察重点多为实词:名/代/动词/形容/副词等.
关注语境背景知识,侧重上下关联,暗示判断能力.
侧重于篇章,体现语用判断和内在逻辑.
完型填空特点:

完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。具体表现在以下几个方面：
　　(1)词语辨析能力
　　(2)语法结构分析能力
　　(3)语篇理解能力
　　(4)逻辑推理能力
　　(5)文化背景透析能力
　　(6)作者意图剖析能力
　　(7)生活常识综合运用能力
解题方法：(科学药方)
总的原则: “先完意，后完形”。
八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。
三步曲：读——填——读
跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意
再读全文，反复检查
结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案
瞻前顾后，先易后难， 个个击破
完形填空的解题步骤
把握整体
具体分析
三步答题
Step1
Skip(跳读) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.
In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence (首句). It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage.
(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）
Step2
Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.

(在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案)

Four methods(四种常用的方法)：
1、context (上下文语境)
2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配)
3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息---原词复现、近义词和反义词等)
4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常识)
Step3
Read the passage again and check the answers.
（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）
Tips:
1. the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate (时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致)
2. grammar and collocations (语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)
3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)
4. the meaning of the whole passage (整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理)
完形填空
九大解题技巧
利用首句来解题
I did very badly at school. My headmaster
thought I was   36   and when I was 14, he
said, “You’re never going to be 37(anything)
but a failure. ”   
36.A. bright       B. useless       
C. simple      D. hopeful
2. 根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题
Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) ,
but I always knew he was     37  . He never
criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our
best.   
37. A. strict       B. honest      
C. special    D. learned
38. A. help B. peace
C. smile D. praise
Practice
His big stomach has always ballooned out
between his T-shirt and trousers. Although
his family often 43 about that, Ed refused
to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight.

43. A. cared B. forgot
C. quarreled D. joked
44. A. clean B. straight
C. larger D. darker
常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:
结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；
逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；
递进关系：besides, what’s more, further;
转折关系：but, while, however等。
3. 利用语篇的标志性的词语解题
She told the front-desk clerk she had had
a(n) __1_vacation, but was heart-broken
about losing several rolls of Kodak color
film she had not yet developed.
1.A. disappointing B. wonderful
C. uncomfortable D. important
__
…and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange__37_quite pleasant taste.
37. A. besides B. but
C. and D. or
4. 根据逻辑推理解题
Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities. They are almost
always fun and interesting, and professors
51 them too because students learn so
much in just a few short months.

50. A. working B. living
C. teaching D. learning
51. A. hold B. like
C. dislike D. discover
Practice
The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert.               
A．dry       B．distant        
C．deserted        D．wild
5. 根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择
I went into a café and asked for a coffee.   21    I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed  22 (loneliness).
A．Before        B．Since       
C．Although       D．While
6.从语法角度来解题
1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming__1_.So he shouldn’t have gone into that place.
1.A.after all B.in all C.at all D. for all

2) So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college.
45. A. came on B. came in
C. came out D. came back
7.从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题
8.利用词汇的复现解题
How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel (珐琅）covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill.
51. A. destruction B. decay
C. fault D. hurt
上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。 空51和红体单词在意义上是一致的， 属于同义词复现现象。
….I raised the pistol and fired. The
animal fell backwards with an angry cry.
Father took the ___38____ smoking pistol
from my hand , and fired another shot,
which killed the gorilla.

38. A. still B. yet C. even D. already
9.利用语气副词的情景解题
summary
研究首尾——找主题
上下联系——寻信息
左顾右盼——找搭配
思前想后——觅逻辑
语境分析——辨词义
集中精力——破难题
回读检查——补漏洞
完形填空之
实战训练
（08江西） The three youths leaned over the metal rails along the sea-wall and watched a few fishermen pull in their nets. About thirty metres away, a boat pulled alongside the slippery steps leading 36 to the sea.
“Hey, look!” exclaimed Rahim. “Those two men are 37 heavy rocks. I thought we no longer do muscle labour in this technological 38 . ”“you don’t 39 a crane (起重机)to unload less than a dozen rocks, do you?”smiled Joshua.
“But those men don’t 40 to have muscles at all,”said Michael,rather surprised .Joshua smiled.
“They are 41 laborers who know how to spread the weight of the rocks they 42 . See how the man positions the rock just at the slope of his 43 .
36. A. through B. across
C. down D. up
37.A.loading B.unloading
C.covering D.uncovering
38. A. way B. revolution
C. process D. era
39. A. ask B. expect
C. attempt D. hope
40. A. happen B. fail
C. have D. seem
41. A.ambitious
B. experienced
C. potential
D.energetic
42. A. take B. fetch
C. carry D. bring
43. A. shoulder B. back
C. chest D. arms
原词重现
语境理解
词义
用法
排除法
语境-词义
词义辨析
常识
Some of the rock’s weight is set 44 his head, some on the right hand and some on the left hand. His body isn’t bent. His legs are well 45 . ”
“You’re right, Josh. He may have a small build. 46 he certainly well knows his job. Dear me! And to think we have been studying 47 ! ” Rahim thought about all that was happening. Suddenly, he said, “Technology won’t 48 the human being completely, it appears.”
“I don’t think it will. ” 49 Joshua. “You can harvest a crop of potatoes or wheat with one of those large, multi-purpose tractors, but you 50 use that equipment to harvest lea leaves and tomatoes, will you?”
44.A. on B. against
C.toward D. under
45.A.supported
B.grasped C. placed
D.strengthened
46.A. but B. however
C. so D. therefore
47.A.chemistry
B. physics C. biology
D. psychology
48.A. control B.affect
C.remove D. replace
49.A. agreed B. proposed
C. refused D. denied
50.A. can’t B. mustn’t
C. won’t D. needn’t
常识 词义
词义辨析
转折关系
语境理解
词义语境
语境
原词重现
“You can get a computer to 51 multiple-choice assessments, but you cannot get the computer to produce of assess essays, can you?” asked Michael.
“Well, the washing machine leaves my shirt collar quite as 52 as ever --- that’s domestic technology for you! ” said Rahim.
“One day, perhaps, there won’t be anybody 53 who can carry a large rock the way those men do. It’s not going to be a very 54 world, I’m afraid.” Sighed Michael.
“You’re too much of a pessimist (悲观主义者)，Mike.” Said Joshua. “ 55 will always be other things that will make the world exciting. ”
51. A. point out
B. take out
C. hand out
D. print out
52. A. dirty B. clean
C.old D. new
53. A. caught
B. arranged
C. left
D. convinced
54.A. exciting
B. mysterious
C. technological
D. modern
55.A. That B. This
C. They D.There
常识
常识-语境
词义-句型
原词重现
固定句型
Are dreams of any use to
the dreamer or to anybody
else? We may remember
the traveler who __1_______
the ship Waratah at Durban
because of his terrible
_2_______. The Waratah later
disappeared entirely, with
everyone on _3________. The
traveler’s dreams helped
him and saved him from
_4__________, but they didn’t
help the other people. Why
was this man treated
_5___________ from everyone
else?
1. A. left B. got
C. drove D. enter
2. A. ideas
B. suggestions
C. dreams D. words
3. A. board B. ship
C. sea D. deck
4. A. life B. d