高考语法复习


动词时态
动词的时态
一、时态数轴法
二、动词时态的一些典型用法
三、典型易错题
四、综合练习
now
future
then
一 时态一数轴
大家需知道时态的
基本用法
大纲要求的常用的9种时态
二. 动词时态的一些典型用法
在条件、时间、让步状语从句中， 如果主句是将来时或主句
是祈使句，从句中要用一般现在时代替将来时。
I’ll not go unless I’m invited.

Tell him the news as soon as he comes.
2.be+ to do表示拟定或计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务
必须去做的事情；
be about to do表示即将发生的事，句中一般不使用时间状语。
All the questions are to be answered at once.

No one is to leave the room without permission.

We are about to set out.
3. 一般过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已
“不在这样”。
I didn’t know you were here.我（刚才）不知道你在这里。
I never thought he would do that.
我从没想到他会做出这样的事。
4. 表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expect, mean,
intend, want, think, suppose等，其过去完成时表示
过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.
我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）
I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.
5.某些固定句式中的动词时态。
1）This/ It is the first/second…time + that 从句。从句
一般用现在完成时，如果把前面的is 改为was,
则that 从句用过去完成时。

This is the first time I have come here.

It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
2) It is/has been + 一段时间+since从句。Since从句中
一般用过去时。

It is two years since he joined the army.
He has been in the army/ a soldier for two years.
3) be (was/ were) doing…when….;
be (was/ were) about to do…when…;
had done…when…

They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.
4) Hardly had…done…when…;
No sooner had… done…than…意为“一…..就……”
Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.
易混时态的常错点
过去进行时与现在完成时
1.He ____ a book about China last year, but I
don’t know if he ___ it.
A. wrote; has finished
B. was writing; has finished
C. was writing; had finished
D. wrote; will finish
过去进行时表当时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。
2. As she __ the newspaper, Granny __asleep.
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell
结论：长动作在进行时，被一个短动作打断，长动作
用进行体，短动作用一般体。
三. 典型易错题
3.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
What do you suppose ___ to her .
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened D. happened
4.--- Where __ you __ (put) the book? I can’t see
it anywhere.
--- I __ (put) it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did; put; put B. have; put; put
C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put
易混时态的常错点
过去时与现在完成时
5. When I was at college I ___ three foreign
languages but I___ all except a few words
of each.
spoke; had forgotten
spoke; have forgotten
had spoken; had forgotten
had spoken; have forgotten
结论：一般过去时所表示的事情纯属过去，与现在情况没联系。现在完成时所表示的事情与现在情况有联系，是过去事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。
易混时态的常错点
过去时与现在完成时
6.The old man who in the deserted house alone for ten years has been settled in a nursing home now.
A.Lived B.has lived
C.has been living D.had lived
A
【解题探究】 A。由“has been settled in a nursing home now”可知，现在那位老人已经不住在那座房子里了，也就是说那位老人在那座房子里住了十年的动作并没有持续到现在，与现在没有关系，故不能用完成时。这里只表示过去曾经发生过某事，应该用一般过去时，故正确答案为A。
易混时态的常错点
过去时与完成时
无时间状语的易错点
7. If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we about.
A. Talked B. have talked
C. were talking D. would talk
C
【解题探究】 C。句意为：如果你十分钟以前进入聊天室的话，你就会知道我们当时正在谈论什么内容。表示过去正在进行的动作要用过去进行时。故正确答案为C。
8. Suddenly everyone stopped talking. It became clear that something unexpected ____ . But, for a while, I didn’t know what it was.
A. has happened
B. is happening
C. happened
D. had happened
D
【解题探究】 D 。由语境可知这里是在叙述过去发
生的事情。这里强调的是在“everyone stopped
talking”这一过去动作之前发生的动作，即表示“过
去的过去发生的动作”，故用过去完成时。
难辨句式易错点
9. —How could I apply for a course online?
— Just fill in this form and we ___ what we can
do for you.
A. See B. are seeing
C. have seen D. will see
D
题干为小对话时，一定要读懂语境，要善于从语境中确定动作发生的时间。有时看是否是固定句型也会很有用，因为在一些固定句型中时态也是相对固定的，如在“祈使句+and+陈述句”这个句型中陈述句往往用一般将来时。
1. Although many measures ,the world’s economy is still going down.
A. were taken B. have been taken
C. will be taken D. are taken
 解析 考查动词的时态与语态。表示过去发生的
动作对现在造成影响，所以用现在完成时；take
与measures之间构成动宾关系，所以要用被动语
态。
B
四. 模拟演习
2. This Monday morning I was informed I ____ as one of the three exchange students from our college.
A. had been choosing B. was chosen
C. had been chosen D. was choosing
 解析 choose的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过
去完成时。此处又表示被动，故用过去完成时的
被动语态。
C
3.— If I hadn’t been caught in the heavy rain, I could have been back by 7 o’clock. 
—What a pity! Stella here to see you .A. is B. was
C. would be D. has been
解析 考查时态。第一句是与过去事实相反的虚
拟语气，因此第二句应该用一般过去时。
B
4.— You’d better keep quiet in class. 
—Sometimes I .Yesterday, I was as
quiet as a mouse during my English class.
A. would B. do
C. did D. was
解析 考查动词的时态。根据语境来看应该是描
述了主语的习惯性的行为，所以要用现在时。
B
5.It quite correct that happiness comes from thinking about things in a positive way.
A. has turned out B. has been turned out C. is turning out D. is turned out
 解析 考查时态和语态。turn out“结果是”在这
里作连系动词用，不用进行时态，也不能用被动
语态。故A项正确。
A
6.— The news upsets many people that the CPI climbed to 6.9 percent in November. 
— Yes.It is the fourth time that the CPI above 6 percent.
A. was B. had been
C. is D. has been
 解析 考查动词时态。句型：It be(the first,
second...)+time+that+从句。当主句为一般现在
时的时候，that引导的定语从句用现在完成时，
表示到目前做某事已有几次了。主句为一般过去
时的时候，that从句用过去完成时。
D
7.— When did you move to Beijing? 
— Last year. But I in a school in Japan
for 8 years. 
A. has taught B. has been taught
C. have been teaching D. taught
解析 考查时态在具体语境中的运用。从答语来
看，说话者去年搬到了北京，表明他在日本教书的
动作在过去已经结束了，但并没有对现在造成影
响，只能用一般过去时。
D
8.The teacher told us that the earth____ around the sun.
A. turns B. turned
C. would turn D. turning
 解析 从句描述的是自然现象，应用一般现在
时，不受主句时态的影响。
A
9.(2010·重庆一中月考) The boy was caught
cheating in the exam and by his
headteacher at the moment.
A. was questioned B. has questioned
 C. is being questioned D. has been questioning
 解析 根据句中时间状语at the moment可知此处
表示现在正被班主任询问应该使用现在进行时的被
动语态。
C
10.I haven’t seen Mary these past few days. I’m afraid she ___ herself for some time. 
A. isn’t feeling B. hasn’t been feeling C. hadn’t been feeling D. wasn’t feeling
 解析 考查时态的用法。从题干中的for some
time可知，选项部分的时态应为完成时；从后面
的一句话可推知Mary到现在状态还是不佳，故用
现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直持续的动
作。feel oneself意为“觉得身体正常”。
B
11.—Is Tom still not back?
— No. By next year he from home for
three years. 
A. will leave B. will have been away C. leaves D. has been away
 解析 考查时态。句中含有“by+表示将来的时间”
结构的时候，句子用将来完成时或将来时。因为
句中有“for three years”的限定，用将来完成
时，故选B。
B
12.When she came out, Mary looked a bit tired because she the house.
A. cleaned B. was cleaning
C. had cleaned D. had been cleaning
 解析 句意为：当她出来时，玛丽看上去很累，
因为她一直在打扫房子。由此可知所填词强调打
扫房子动作的持续性，应用完成进行时，由前文
的came out可知应用过去完成进行时。
D
13.— Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. 
—Oh! I thought they without me.
A. went B. are going
C. have gone D. had gone
解析 考查时态。答语意为：我原以为她们不等我
就走了呢。“想”和“走”两个动作有时间上的先后
关系，故用过去完成时。
D
14.When you finish your work, don’t forget to put the tools back where they . 
A. are B. will be
C. were D. had been
解析 考查时态。这里指的是拿之前的位置，故
要用过去式。
C