五、动词及短语动词
1.(2009·全国Ⅱ,15)If you leave the club,you
will not be back in.
A.received B.admitted
C.turned D.moved
解析 由句意“如果你离开了俱乐部,就不允许
再回去了”可知应用admit,指“允许进入”。
B
2.(2009·全国Ⅰ,32)Encourage your children
to try new things,but try not to them
too hard.
A.draw B.strike
C.rush D.push
解析 句意为:鼓励你的孩子们尝试新的东西。
但尽量不要太过分。draw拉;strike敲,打;
rush冲,均不合题意。push向前推,符合题意。
D
3.(2009·四川,5)—Have you ?
—No.I had the wrong number.
A.got in B.got away
C.got off D.got through
解析 根据答句可知此处应用D项,意为“打通电
话”。A项意为“进入;收获”;B项意为“逃离”;C
项意为“下车”。
D
4.(2009·天津,6)— Sorry,I have to now.
It’s time for class.
—OK,I’ll call back later.
A.hang up B.break up
C.give up D.hold up
解析 hang up挂断电话;break up分解,分
裂;拆散;give up放弃;hold up支撑;耽搁。
由语境中出现的call back later可知,此处应
选择与打电话有关的短语。
A
5.(2009·天津,8)Don’t worry if you don’t
understand everything.The teacher will
the main points at the end.
A.recover B.review
C.require D.remember
解析 recover恢复;review复习,回顾;
require要求,需要;remember 记得;想
起。句意为:如果你没理解所有知识的话,不用
担心。老师会在结束时把重要的知识点再回顾一
下。
B
6.(2009·安徽,25)Just as Professor Scotti
often it,success is ninety-nine
percent mental attitude.
A.gets B.makes
C.puts D.means
解析 句意为:就像Scotti教授常说的那样,成
功是由99%的心态决定的。get获得;make制造;
mean打算;意味着,均不合题意。
C
7. (2009·安徽,33)We tried to find a table for
seven,but they were all .
A.given away B.kept away
C.taken up D.used up
解析 句意为:我们想要找到一个七人餐桌,但
它们都被占用了。give away泄露;分发;keep
away使离开;use up用尽,均不合题意。take
up占据,符合题意。
C
8.(2009·山东,26)— Do you have enough to
all your daily expenses?
—Oh yes,enough and to spare.
A.cover B.spend
C.fill D.offer
解析 cover在此处意为“支付;够……之用”。问
句句意为:你有足够的钱来支付日常开销吗?
A
9.(2009·山东,31)Amy joined a painting group
but didn’t seem to ,so she left.
A.show off B.go up
C.fit in D.come over
解析 句意为:Amy参加了一个绘画班,但是好
像不适应,所以她就退出了。show off炫耀;go
up上升;fit in适应;come over来访。
C
10.(2009·江西,30)It is reported that the
police will soon the case of the two
missing children.
A.look upon B.look after
C.look into D.look out
解析 句意为:据报道警察很快将着手调查两个
孩子失踪那个案件。look into意为“调查,检
查”,符合句意。look upon意为“旁观”;look
after意为“照顾,照料,管理”;look out意为
“向外看”,均不合题意。
C
11.(2009·江苏,24)— I’m surprised to hear
that Sue and Paul have .
— So am I.They seemed very happy
together when I last saw them.
A.broken up B.finished up
C.divided up D.closed up
解析 break up拆散;分开;(关系)破裂;
finish up完成;吃光;杀死;毁掉;divide
up瓜分;分配;close up靠近;愈合;关闭。
上句句意为:听到Sue和Paul分手了,我很惊讶。
A
12.(2009·湖北,21)Would you please
the paper for me and see if there are any
obvious mistakes?
A.look around B.look into
C.look up D.look through
解析 look around/round环顾,四下察看;
look into调查;向……里面看;look up查阅;
抬头往上看;look through快速查看,浏览。
由后面的and see if there are any obvious
mistakes可知,空格处应表示“快速看一下”。
D
13. (2009·湖北,22)During the war there was
a serious lack of food.It was not unusual
that even the wealthy families had to
bread for days.
A.eat up B.give away
C.do without D.deal with
解析 eat up吃光,吃完;give away捐赠;分
发;失去;泄露;do without用作及物动词短
语时,意为“没有……也行;没有……而将
就”;用作不及物动词短语时,意为“将就;凑
合着过”。如:The store hasn’t any
bread,so you’ll have to do without.这个商
店里没有面包了,你只好将就一下了。deal
with处理;对付。由句中的a serious lack of
food可知do without符合句意。
C
14. (2009·湖北,23)The loss has not yet been
accurately,but it is believed to be well
beyond a hundred million dollars.
A.calculated B.considered
C.completed D.controlled
解析 calculate此处意为“计算”。句意为:损
失还没有确切地计算出来,但人们相信它将远
远超出一亿美元。consider考虑;complete完
成;结束;control控制,三者均不符合句意。
A
15.(2009·湖北,24)Some parents are just too
protective.They want to their kids
from every kind of danger,real or imagined. A.spot B.dismiss
C.shelter D.distinguish
解析 dismiss sb.from sth.解雇某人;开除某
人;shelter sb.from sth.保护某人免受……;
distinguish sb.from sb.把某人与……区别开
来;spot看见;发现,不与from连用。句意为:
有的父母保护性太强了。他们想保护自己的孩子
免受任何形式的危险的伤害,不管这种危险是真
实存在的还是想像的。real or imagined在句中
作状语。
C
高考高频动词用法
1.可接双宾语的常用动词
(1)双宾语易位时需要借助介词to的常用动词
award(授予),bring(带来),hand(递),lend(借),mail(邮寄),offer(提供),owe(欠),pass(递),pay(付钱), post(寄),read(读),return(归还),send(送),sell(卖),show(展示),teach(教),tell(告诉),throw(扔),write(写)
He brought me a good magazine.=He brought
a good magazine to me.他给我带了一本好杂志。
(2)双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词
book(预订),buy(购买),choose(选择),cook(煮),draw(画),fetch(去取),find(找到),fix(安装),get(取得,带来),make(做),order(订购),prepare(准备),save(节省),sing(唱), spare(留出)
My father bought me a new bicycle.=My father bought a new bicycle for me.爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。
2. 可用于“动词+sb.+of sth.”的常用动词
accuse(控告),cheat(欺骗),cure(治愈),inform(通知),remind(提醒),rid(摆脱),rob(抢劫),warn(警告)
This photo reminds me of my school days.
这张照片让我想起了在学校的时光。
3. 可用于“动词+sb.+for doing sth.”的常用动词
blame(指责),criticise(批评),forgive(原谅),excuse(原谅),pardon(原谅),punish(惩罚),scold(指责),thank(感谢)
Forgive me for saying so,but I think that’s nonsense.
请原谅我这么说,但我认为那是无稽之谈。
短语动词的构成
1. 动词+介词
这类短语动词相当于一个及物动词,其后必须有宾语,宾语只能放在介词后,在被动语态中,整个短语动词要作为整体对待,不可拆开或漏缺。
We must look into the matter immediately.
我们必须立即调查这个问题。
The shop was broken into by thieves last night.
昨天晚上有贼进入了这家商店。
常见的有:speak of,think about,think of,refer to,stand for,laugh at等。
2. 动词+副词
(1)及物动词+副词(宾语若是代词,则放在其中间)。
She picked it up.她把它捡了起来。
常见的这类短语动词有:work out,cut off,think over,turn on,turn down,throw away等。
(2)不及物动词+副词
相当于一个不及物动词,无被动,也不可接宾语,常见的有:break out,break down,come out,give in,look out,grow up等。
3. 动词+名词+介词
Those houses were set fire to by the enemy soldiers.
敌人放火烧了那些房子。
No fault could be found with the paper.
这张试卷上没有任何错误。
常见的这类短语有:catch sight of (看见),get rid of (摆脱),make use of (利用),make fun of (取笑),take hold of (抓住),take advantage of (利用)等。
4. 动词+副词+介词
相当于一个及物动词。
Please keep out of his affairs.请不要管他的事。
常见的这类短语动词有:catch up with,look down on,date back to,put up with,go in for,run out of等。
近义动词易错点
I will ask for leave to call on you tomorrow if you can me the time.
A.Share B.save
C.Spend D.spare
英语中表示“花费”有许多种表达方法,不同的表达意义不同,所用的句型也可能不相同。对于该类考查易混词语辨析的题目,考生首先要弄清楚选项中每个动词的意义和用法,然后在具体的语境中确定正确的答案。
【解题探究】 D。share分享;save节省;spend花费;spare匀出,抽出。句意为:如果你能够抽出时间的话,明天我请假去拜访你。故正确答案为D。
多义词易错点
The book is helpful as it many of the problems we have come across in our study.
A.Covers B.refers
C.Reports D.improves
一些词义比较多的动词往往也会成为高考的热点,因此对于考纲中一些意义较多的词语考生一定要引起重视,特别要注意一下它们那些不太常用的意思,防止高考考查“熟词生义”。
【解题探究】 A。一看到cover考生马上会想到“覆 盖”的意思,可是要注意它还有“包括;涉及;报道”等意思;refer常与to连用表示“谈到,提及”;report意为“报道”;improve意为“提高,改进”。由句意可知正确答案为A。
同一动词构成的短语易错点
Mrs.Black told her children to for bones when they were eating fish.
A.look on B.look into
C.look up D.look out
每年高考都有许多考查由同一动词构成的不同的动词短语,如look短语、take短语、make短语、put短语、get短语、come短语等。对于该类题目考生容易混淆其意思,因此,考生一定要知道这些短语的意思和用法,然后根据句子的意思来确定正确的答案。
【解题探究】 D。look into意为“往……里面看;调查”;look up意为“抬头看;查阅”;look on意为“呈现”;look out for意为“小心……,当心……”。句意为:布朗太太告诉她的孩子们在吃鱼时要小心鱼刺。故正确答案为D。
同一介、副词构成的短语动词易错点
Don’t worry about your luggage.It has been
and will be here soon.
A.asked for B.looked for
C.sent for D.cared for
“动词+小品词(介词或副词,如up, down, for, out,into 等)”这样的短语动词也是高考考查的热点之一。把与某一介词或副词相关的短语归纳到一起,并熟记它们的意思和用法,是解答该类题目的关键。
【解题探究】 C。send for意为“请某人来(帮忙等);让人带来(或送来)某物”;ask for意为“说要找(某人);问到(某处)的路”;look for意为“寻找”;care for意为“照顾,照料”。句意为:不要担心你的行李,已经派人去取了,很快就会到。
短语动词在具体语境中的易错点
She gets three weeks of vacation,but has before the year is half over.
A.given it out B.taken it up
C.used it up D.run it out
考查动词短语在具体语境中的用法也是高考考查动词的热点之一。对于该类题目考生首先要弄清楚句子的意思,然后从选项中确定符合句子意思的答案,做题时还应该注意动词(短语)的及物与不及物的区别。
【解题探究】 C。句意为:她有三周的假期,但是不到半年她就用光了。选项中use up和run out都有“用光”的意思。run out是不及物动词短语,use up是及物动词短语,故正确答案为C。如果D项改为run out of it也是正确答案。
1.(2009·杭州二次质检)The students were
told to their English before going
abroad.
A.give up B.use up
C.polish up D.end up
解析 该题考查动词短语。give up放弃;use
up用光;polish up提高,改善;end up结束。
由语境“学生们被告知出国前要提高英语(水
平)” 可知选C。
C
2.(2009·杭州二次质检)If your car isn’t
insured,you may losing everything
when it hits something solid.
A.delay B.deny
C.avoid D.risk
解析 考查动词。delay耽搁;deny否认;avoid
避免;risk冒险。句意为:如果你不给你的车入
保险,那么,当你的车发生碰撞后,你可能会冒
失去一切的危险。
D
3. (2009·杭州二次质检)After a long
journey across the whole country from north
to south,they found themselves as
well as their clothes.
A.picked out B.called out
C.caught out D.worn out
解析 考查动词短语。结合语境可知D项符合题
意,wear out既可指衣服、鞋等的磨损,又可
指人的精疲力竭。
D
4. (2009·金丽衢十二校二次联考)Little Tom,
you have to your manners at your
uncle’s or I won’t take you there.
A.watch B.mind
C.care D.notice
解析 mind your manners意为“注意你的礼貌”。
B
5.(2009·金丽衢十二校二次联考)Take care
during the holidays!Drinking too much can
heart disease and cause high blood
pressure.
A.contribute to B.relate to
C.attend to D.devote to
解析 考查动词短语。contribute to有助于,
对……起作用;导致,引起;relate to有关,
涉及;attend to专心,注意,照顾;devote to
把……献给,为……付出(时间、精力等)。句
意为:过度饮酒可能引起心脏病和高血压。
A
6.(2009·济南二次统考)With proper measures,
the
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