第二讲 数词和主谓一致
语法专题复习
一、主谓一致考点透析
谓语受主语支配，需在人称和数上与主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则：
1．语法一致：主语为单数形式，谓语用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语用复数。
名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当主语时，一般适用语法一致原则。
(1)The boy is clever enough to learn mathematics well.
(2)All the students are listening to their teacher attentively.
(3)Collecting stamps gives me pleasure and betters my understanding of the world as well.
(4)What you do is different from what you say.
2．意义一致：有时要从意义着眼处理主谓一致问题。数学算式、集合名词、疑问代词、“the＋形容词” 充当主语时，一般适用意义一致原则。例如：
(1)Five pound is quite enough for you to buy a radio or a walkman，something like that.
(2)His family was going to have a long journey，but on the day when they were supposed to set off，some family were ill，so they had to cancel the plan.
3．就近一致：谓语的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
当not only...but also...，or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not...but...，whether...or...等连词连接两个主语，以及在there be 句型、倒装句中，一般适用就近一致原则。例如：
(1)He didn't say whether some English novels or an English dictionary was wanted.
(2)Not only you but also he is to blame.
♨温馨提示：
1．a number of＋名词复数＋动词复数形式；
the number of＋名词单/复数＋动词单数形式。
2.a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，two­thirds of，fifty percent of等短语后接名词作主语时，谓语的数依名词的数而定，即后接不可数名词或名词单数时，谓语用单数；后接名词的复数形式时，谓语用复数。
3．one and a half＋名词复数＋动词复数。
4．many a＋名词单数＋动词单数。
5．every＋名词单数and every＋名词单数＋动词单数。
Every boy and every girl in the area was invited.
强化训练一
(一)用所给动词的适当形式填空
按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，用括号中单词的正确形式填空。
1．A poet and artist ________ (come) to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
2．A survey of the opinions of experts ________ (show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ________ (be) good for one's health.
is
is coming
shows
3．All the employees except the manager ____________ (encourage) to work online at home.
4．All the preparations for the task ________________ (complete), and we are ready to start.
5．As a result of destroying the forest, a large quantity of desert ______________ (cover) the land.
6．As a result of the serious flood, two­thirds of the buildings in the area________ (need) repairing.
need
are encouraged
have been completed
has covered
7．As you can see, the number of cars on our roads __________ (keep) rising these days.
8．Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ________ (wear) evening dress.
9．—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ___________ (invite)．
10．Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
is
keeps
wears
was invited
11．Every possible means _____________ (use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
12．He is the only one of the students who ________ (be) a winner of scholarship for three years.
13．I told him what I was surprised at ________ (be) his attitude towards his study.
14．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.
15．Most of what has been said about the Smiths _____ (be) also true of the Johnsons.
is
has been used
has been
was
has caused
(二) 语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Every policeman 1. ______ given special training for the job. No two days 2. ______the same. Each day 3. ______ different. But the job 4. ______ as exciting or glamorous as some people think. Not all policemen 5. ____ allowed to carry guns. A number of police officers here 6. ______ (work) with dogs. An officer and his
work
is
are
is
isn't
are
dog 7. ______(have) to work closely together. One of our jobs 8. ______to prevent crime happening in the first place. A lot of crimes 9. ______caused by people being careless. Sorry，I have to go now. Someone have 10. ______ reported a robbery.
just
have
is
are
二、数词考点透析
1．hundred，thousand，million，billion表示确切的数目时，不能加­s ，如：two hundred students。如果表示不确切的数目，则在后加­s ，并与of连用，如：hundreds of teachers，thousands of farmers，millions of stars。
2．scores of与dozens of都表示概数，意为“数十， 许多”，a score eggs(二十个鸡蛋)、 a dozen eggs(十二个/一打鸡蛋)都是成立的，但可以说 a score of eggs，不能说 a dozen of eggs。
3．年代的表示法有两种。20世纪80年代可写成 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s'。
4．“基数词＋名词”构成的定语，其中的名词用单数。例如：a three­month baby，an 800­word­composition。
5．序数词前如有the，表顺序，如： the Second World War，the first question; 如果序数词前有不定冠词a，则表示“再， 又”。例如：
I've failed six times，but I decided to have a seventh try.
6．常见的含数词的短语：
in twos and threes 三三两两
one or two days没几天；一两天
first of all首先
second to none 首屈一指，不亚于任何人
one by one 一个一个地
ten to one十之八九
one in ten十分之一
fifty fifty对半
强化训练一
根据中文完成句子
1．我身高1米71，体重75公斤。
I'm ____________ and I weigh ____________.
2．百分之四十四的学生认为应当收取费用。
_____________________________ think that fees should be charged.
3．我很高兴收到你6月7日的来信。
I was very glad to receive your letter ______________.
dated/of June 7
71 meters tall
75 kilograms
Forty­four percent of the students
4．这个故事发生在2012年2月8日早上7点15分。
The story happened ____________ on the morning of ________________.
5．沿着这800米的街道有300多家商店。
Along this ____________________ street, there are ____________________.
6．这套房子有25平方米， 有一间卧室、一间浴室和一个厨房。
It is ________________， with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.
at 7：15
800­meter­long
February 8th, 2012
more than 300 shops
25 square meters
7．如图2所示， 他们只有10%的业余时间用在体育活动上。
As is shown on _____________， only ____________ ___________ is spent on sports activities.
8．上周， 我们对2 600名学生就“谁是你的偶像”做了一个调查。
Last week, we did a survey among ________________ on “Who is your idol”．
2,600 students
Chart 2
10% of their
spare time
9．图书馆开放时间是周一到周五从早上9点到晚上7点，周末不开门。
The library is open __________________ from Monday to Friday and closed on weekends.
10．这个活动将持续23天， 从6月1日至23日。
The activity will last ____________________， from ____________________.
11．你可以搭17或59路巴士，地铁2号线在那也有一个站。
You may take ________________ and ______________ has a stop there too.
subway line 2
from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m.
about ten days
June 1st to 23rd
buses No.17 or 59
12．前门大街是一个著名的大街，有600多年的历史。
Qianmen Street is a famous street with a history of ___________________.
13．昨天气温下降到了摄氏零下8度。
Yesterday the temperature dropped to ______________.
14．澳大利亚人Allan Stewart出生于1915年3月7日，2006年他获硕士学位，是世界上获得硕士学位年龄最大的人。
8℃ below zero
more than 600 years
Born ________________， Allan Stewart, an Austra­lian, become the oldest man to obtain a master's degree all over the world ___________.
15．都江堰灌溉工程有2 000多年的历史， 今天在灌溉方面仍然发挥重要的作用。
Dujiangyan Irrigation Project has a history of ________ _____________ and is still playing an important part in irrigation today.
more than
2,000 years
on March 7th, 1915
in 2006
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