专题一　名词
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专题一　名词
湖北省高考英语卷多项选择试题对名词的考查主要从以下几个方面进行：①考查名词在具体语境中的词义辨 析，主要是不同词义的名词在特定语境下的最佳选择。②考查词形相似而词义不同的名词词义辨析，如：pattern、procedure、 program、perspective等。③考查同根词名词词义辨析，如以­ence为词根的名词：consequence、independence、competence、intelligence等。其他：­tive/­ity/­ture/­ment等。④考查名词动化现象，如：trail作名词，意为“痕迹，小径”；作动词，意为“跟踪”。stem作名词，意为“树干”；作动词，意为“起源”等。⑤考查名词与介词或动词的固定搭配，固定句型中名词的运用和辨析。
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专题一　名词
在解答名词试题时要注意：准确理解题干语境的含 义，注意从搭配、词语的本义、转换意义等多角度去考 虑。
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专题一　名词
1．[2013•湖北卷] Poetry written from the ________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A．perspective B．priority
C．participation D．privilege
[解析] 　 A　句意：以城市青年的视角写的诗倾向于揭示他们缺乏归属感的焦虑。perspective看法，观点，视角；priority 优先考虑的事，重点，优先权；participation参加，参与；privilege特别待遇，优惠，特权。
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专题一　名词
2．[2012•湖北卷] Carbon dioxide, which makes a ________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
A．difference B．comparison
C．connection D．barrier
[解析] D　句意：在我们和太阳之间形成一道屏障的二氧化碳很容易阻止热量进入大气层，所以地球更暖和了。difference 差别，不同；comparison 比较，对比；connection 联系，关联；barrier障碍，屏障。
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专题一　名词
3．[2012•湖北卷] The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa.
A．pattern B．procedure
C．program D．perspective
[解析] B　句意：那位官员坚持说Michael没有遵循申请护照的正确程序。procedure(步骤，程序)为最佳答案。pattern模式，花样，样式；program程序，节目，计划；perspective观点，态度，透视法，景观。procedure和program均可表示“程序”，但procedure一般指办事的正常程序和步骤，而program则多指活动或计算机运行程序。该处指的是申请护照的正常程序。
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专题一　名词
4．[2012•湖北卷] It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.
A．symptom B．similarity
C．sample D．shadow
[解析] A　句意：定期检查眼睛以便查清可能没有产生任何(不适)症状的眼疾是很重要的。symptom(症状)为最佳答案。similarity相似性；sample样品；shadow阴影；都不符合题意。
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专题一　名词
5．[2012•湖北卷] “ Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother shouted, with ________ clearly in her voice.
A. anger B. rudeness
C. regret D. panic
[解析] D　 句意：“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂着惊慌。panic惊慌；rudeness粗鲁；anger生气；regret后悔。
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专题一　名词
6．[2012·湖北卷] Giving up my job to go back to full­time education was a big ________， but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project B. commitment
C. competition D. ambition
[解析] B　 句意：放弃我的工作回到全日制的教育是一个很大的挑战，但现在我知道这是我有生以来做出的最正确的决定。a big commitment意为“一个重大的挑战”。其他答案均不符合语境。
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专题一　名词
7．[2013•湖北卷] This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division B. area
C. range D. circle
[解析] C　句意：这家餐馆出名的原因是它做的各种各样的食物适合各种类型的人群。a range of 强调一个系列，而a wide range of意为“各种各样的”。C项符合题意。
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专题一　名词
8. [2010·湖北卷] After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ________for the homeless families.
A. accommodation B. occupation
C. equipment D. furniture
[解析] A　句意：地震过后政府所做的第一件事就是为无家可归的人们提供住宿。accommodation住处；occupation占用，工作，职业；equipment设备，器材；furniture家具。
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专题一　名词
9． [2013·天津卷] While she was in Paris，she developed a________ for fine art.
A. way B. relation
C. taste D．habit
[解析] C　句意：当她在巴黎时，她培养了很好的艺术品位。way方式，方法；relation关系；taste 品位，鉴赏；habit习惯。develop a taste for培养或发展对……的品位。
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专题一　名词
10． [2013·浙江卷] As the world's population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth B. supply
C. package D. list
[解析] B　句意：随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应问题越来越受到人们的关注。the supply of food表示“食品供应”，符合句意。worth价值；package包装；list单子，名册。
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专题一　名词
11． [2013·江西卷] Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________.
A. curiosity B. satisfaction
C. envy D. patience
[解析] D　句意：无论什么时候我犯错，老师都耐心地指出来。由语境可知D项正确。curiosity好奇心；satisfaction满意；envy嫉妒；patience耐心。
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专题一　名词
12．[2013·江苏卷] With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ________ for the better.
A．share B．chance
C．turn D．lead
[解析] C　句意：因受到其他饮食文化的启发，美国的饮食文化可以更好。turn变化；share份额，股份；chance机会；lead领导，榜样。
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专题一　名词
13．[2012·天津卷] You are working too hard.You'd better keep a ________ between work and relaxation.
A．promise B．lead
C．balance D．diary
[解析] C　句意：你工作太努力了，你最好在工作与休闲之间找到一个平衡点。promise 承诺；lead领导，榜样；balance平衡；diary日记。
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专题一　名词
14．[2012·江西卷] You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________.
A. purpose B. reference
C. progress D. memory
[解析] B　句意：你最好写下那家餐厅的电话号码以供日后参考。purpose目的，意图；reference参考，查阅；progress进步；memory记忆。
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专题一　名词
15．[2012·福建卷] —Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well, you know, English is my ________.So it is my best choice.
A．strength B．talent C．ability D．skill
[解析] A　根据语境，说话人选择在国际旅行社工作是因为英语是其强项。strength强项；talent天才；ability能力； skill技术。
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专题一　名词
1．Money doesn't necessarily buy happiness，so we can safely draw a conclusion that making a fortune is not always a good ________for a happy life.
A. challenge B. criterion
C. ingredient D. qualification
[解析] B　句意：钱不一定买得到幸福，因此我们能肯定地得出结论：挣大钱并不总是评判幸福生活的标准。challenge挑战，质疑；criterion标准，准则；ingredient(烹调的)原料，(构成)要素；qualification资格，合格证书。由句意可知B正确。
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专题一　名词
2．According to the spokesman, the reason why no ________was made to further details about the coal mine accident was that it was still under investigation.
A. preference B. comment
C. remark D. reference
[解析] D　句意：根据发言人所说，没有提及矿难进一步的细节问题的原因是事故还在调查之中。preference偏爱，优先权；comment 评论，注释；remark话语，谈论；reference参考，提及。由句意可知D正确。
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专题一　名词
3．We are supposed to help the students realize that a good breakfast contributes to better academic________in the classroom.
A. function B. conduct
C. routine D. performance
[解析] D　句意：我们应该帮助学生认识到，一顿好的早餐有助于课堂上更好的学业表现。 function功能，作用； conduct行为，举止； routine例行公事，日常工作； performance表现，业绩，演出。由句意可知D正确。
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专题一　名词
4．The worse air quality in the country has strengthened the government's ________to do something to address the problem.
A. ability B. concern
C. resolve D. proposal
[解析] C　句意：这个国家糟糕的空气质量坚定了政府采取措施处理这个问题的决心。 ability能力，才能； concern关心，顾虑；resolve决心，决定； proposal提议，求婚。由句意可知C正确。
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专题一　名词
5. But while many Americans see their cars as an ________ of their individual freedom, to some of us owning a car is a burden, and in a city a double burden.
A．existence B．extension
C．explanation D．expectation
[解析] B　句意：但是当许多美国人把他们的私家车当作是个人自由的延伸时，我们却把拥有私家车当成是负担，而住在城市中又是双重负担。existence存在；extension伸展，延伸；explanation解释；expectation期待。由句意可知B正确。
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专题一　名词
6． The chance to get a college education must not be a ________ of the few—it should be a birthright of every single American.
A．protection B．prejudice
C．privilege D．platform
[解析] C　句意：接受大学教育的机会不应只是少数人的特权，它应该是每个美国人生来就有的权利。protection保护；prejudice偏见，歧视；privilege特权；platform平台。由句意可知C正确。
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专题一　名词
7. The plan was so shallow and impractical that no serious ________ was ever made to realize it.
A. recognition B. comment
C. attempt D. credit
[解析] C　句意：这项计划太肤浅太不切实际了，没有任何人曾尝试要去实现它。 recognition识别，承认，认可； comment评论，谈论； attempt试图，尝试； credit信用，声誉。由句意可知C正确。
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专题一　名词
8. Since then，they have launched a great ________to make the beaches safer for swimmers and tourists.
A．campaign B．revolution
C．competition D．organization
[解析] A　句意：从那时起，为了使海滩对于游泳者和游客更加安全，他们就开展了一场浩大的运动。campaign运动，战役；revolution革命；competition竞争，比赛；organization组织。由句意可知A项正确。
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专题一　名词
9. In modern society people have to pass various tests for professional ________ so that they can be qualified for a good job.
A. standards B. perseverance
C. certificates D. permission
[解析] C　句意：在现代社会，人们不得不通过各种各样的考试来获取职业证书，这样才能胜任好的工作。 standard标准； perseverance坚持不懈；certificate证书，文凭； permission许可。由句意可知C项正确。
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专题一　名词
10． In this school, each class has a(n) ________ of approximately 70 students.
A. restriction B. register
C. prohibition D. accommodation
[解析] B 句意：在这所学校，每个班大约有70名学生注册。 restriction限制，约束； register 登记，注册；prohibition禁令； accommodation住处。由句意可知B项正确。
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备用习题
1. As far as I am concerned, Peter deserves ________ for giving back the money he found.
A. bravery B. credit
C. impression D. enquiry
[解析] B　句意：我认为彼得归还他捡的钱是值得表扬的。 bravery勇敢； credit信誉，赞颂； impression印象； enquiry询问，调查。由句意可知B项正确。
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备用习题
2．Our town is having such a ________ that it is likely to double its size in two years.
A. shock B. boom
C. level D. privilege
[解析] B　句意：我们的小镇如此繁荣，两年之内就可能扩大一倍。 shock休克，震惊，打击； boom隆隆声，繁荣，激增； level水平，水准； privilege特权，特殊荣幸。由句意可知B项正确。
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备用习题
3．—It's raining so hard. Will you go to your friend's birthday party?
—I promised him to go, but the heavy rain really places me in a ________. I am not sure whether I will go or not.
A. disadvantage B. benefit
C. fantasy D. dilemma
[解析] D　答语句意：我答应要去的，但这场大雨确实让我进退两难。我不确定到底去不去。 disadvantage不利条件； benefit利益，好处； fantasy幻想； dilemma困境，进退两难。由句意可知D项正确。
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备用习题
4．The car factory has produced a new car of high quality; its only ________ is that it uses a lot of petrol.
A. drawback B. claim
C. outcome D. antique
[解析] A　句意：这家汽车厂生产了一款高质量的新车，它的唯一缺陷就是耗油量大。 drawback缺点，劣势； claim要求，断言，索赔； outcome结果，成果； antique古玩，古董。由句意可知A项正确。
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备用习题
5．It struck me like a blow when I saw his ________ on the legal document which sold our house to another f