动词的时态和语态Ⅰ
中学英语的常见时态：
教学大纲要求的常用的8种时态：
近三年动词的语态和时态在全国各地高考中的复现率
一般现在
4. every …, sometimes,　
at …, on Sundays
现在完成
现在进行
过去进行
过去完成
过去将来
一般将来
一般过去
1. for, since, so far, ever, never, just,
yet, till/until, up to now,
in the past years, recently
5. yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
2. 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作
6. …before, by, until, when, after
8. next…, tomorrow, in…
3. now…
7. this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while
4
8
7
1
3
6
2
5
三、 时态特殊句式
动词的时态
二、易混时态辨析
一、热点时态
二、对一般过去时的考查
一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。
I bought a new car three days ago.
More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.（2005年上海卷）A. sent B. were sent
C. had sent D. had been sent
1.The year 2002 _____ remarkable changes in Shanghai’s landscape. (see)
saw
时间状语
呀，不知道你在这儿！以为你在美国！
Oh, I didn’t know you were here. I thought you were in America.
热点一：一般过去时
2.--- Have you decided already?
--- Yes, I____ at once.

A. have decided B. decided
C. will decide D. had decided
1. I ______ you not to move my dictionary
--now I cannot find it. （2004全国III）
A. asked B. ask
C. was asking D. had asked
Key word
context
c
--- Yes, I____ already.
A
1.---The window is dirty.
---I know. It ____ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clear
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
2. --- Would you like to go to the cinema with me tomorrow afternoon?
--- I’d like to, Mum, but I ____ to a party by Jane. It’s her birthday.
A. am invited B. was invited
C. will be invited D. have been invited
热点二：现在完成时
现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响和结果.
过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。

Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!
热点3：过去完成时
The news is no surprise to me, I ______ for some time that the factory is going to shut down. (03北京)
A. had known B. know
C. have known D. knew
过去完成时不能孤立使用， 它必须以过去某一时间为基点，即“过去的过去”，因此只有在和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它。
2. I _______in London for many years，but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (重庆卷).
lived B. was living　
C. have lived       D. had lived
造成思维定势的干扰因素：
for many years
初中老师说：完成时标志
误选C/D
解题关键：
For many years 与现在无联系
一般过去时
A
一句辨析：
1.---Do you work here?
----No, I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary comes.
just help out
B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out
D. will just help out
举一反三破定势
造成思维定式的干扰因素：
comes
从现主将
误选Ｄ
just
初中老师说：完成时标志
误选B
题眼：
I don’t really work here
暂时性工作
正确选项 C
Just 的多义：１．刚　２．正　　３．只不过　　４．引起祈使句
2. John and I ______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____ each other a couple of times before that. (02 北京春)
A. had been; have seen
B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen
D. have been; had seen;
3. 我原打算来的，但太忙了。（mean）
I had meant to come, but I was too busy.
had meant/planned/intended to do…,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等。
I was walking down the street when it began to rain.
When it began to rain
I was walking
now
热点4：过去进行时
1. The last time I saw Jane she __________ cotton in the fields. (pick)
was picking
2. ---Has Sam finished his homework today?
--- I have no idea. He ___ it this morning.
A. did B. has done
C. was doing D. had done
过去进行时表示在过去的某个时间点或某个时间段所发生的动作或持续的状态.
3. ---What were you doing when Tony
phoned you?
--- I had just finished my work
and____ to take a shower.
A. had started B. started
C. have started D. was starting
过去进行时表示过去将来.
1. He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it.
A. wrote; has finished
B. was writing; has finished
C. was writing; had finished
D. wrote; will finish
2. As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell
1. 一般过去时和过去进行时
过去进行时表当时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态.
结论:长动作在进行时,被一个短动作打断,长动作用进行体,短动作用一般体.
二、易混时态辨析
2. --- Where __you __ (put) the book? I can’t
see it anywhere.
--- I ___(put) it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put
C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put
1. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened D. happened
2一般过去时与现在完成时
二、易混时态辨析
3. When I was at college I _______ three foreign languages but I ________ all except a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten
B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten
D. had spoken; have forgotten
结论:一般过去时所表示的事情纯属过去,与现在情况没联系.现在完成时所表示的事情与现在情况有联系,是过去事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响.
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：

1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时
I have written an article. 　　　　
I have been writing an article. 　

2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。
I have lived here for ten years.
= I have been living here for ten years.

Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。
强调：　已完成性
强调：　　持续性，未完成性
The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.
构成: have / has been+ doing
概念: 表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。
现在完成进行时
Mike was walking in the street when he met Tom.
M: --- It ________ 2 months since I last saw you.(be)
T: --- I have just returned from abroad.
M: --- Is it the first time you _________ abroad?(be)
T: --- Yes. And hardly ___ I ______ there when I was struck by its beauty. (arrive)
M: --- How do you find your trip?
T:--- Very good. To tell the truth, it’s the most unforgettable trip I _____________. (ever have)
M: I’m glad to hear that. By the way, I am leaving for a meeting now. It ______ (be) 20 minutes before it_______. (start)
is/has been
have been
have ever had
三、时态的特殊句式
had arrived
will be
starts
① This / It is the first / second…time + that 从句。that 从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is 改为was，则that 从句用过去完成时。如：
This is the first time I have come here.
It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
② It is / has been + 一段时间 + since +过去时。 It was + 一段时间 + since +过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
三、时态的特殊句式
③ be about to do…when…意为“即将……（这时）突然……”。如：
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
④ be (was /were) + doing… when… 意为“正在干……（这时）突然……”。
They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.
⑤ Hardly had…done…when… ; No sooner had…done…than…
when 和than 从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。如：
Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.
我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
⑥ It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句
这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：
It won’t be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soom.)
It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. )
Mike was walking in the street when he met Tom.
M: --- It is/has been 2 months since I last saw you.
T: --- I have just returned from abroad.
M: --- Is it the first time you have been abroad?
T: --- Yes. And hardly had I arrived there when I was struck by its beauty.
M: --- How do you find your trip?
T:--- Very good. To tell the truth, it’s the most unforgettable trip I have ever had.
M: I’m glad to hear that. By the way, I am leaving for a meeting now. It will be 20 minutes before it starts.
三、时态的特殊句式
解动词填空题“三步曲”
1..I (have) this book for 2 weeks.
have had
are planted
一看时间状语
2.Every year, many trees (plant) along the river.
3.Keep quiet, please! They (have) a lesson.
are having
4.---Hi,Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party.
---Oh, I (get) ready for the exam.
was getting
5.Tom (go) to bed early， but his brother doesn’t.
6. Listen! Jim’s radio (make) a loud
noise. Would you please tell him to turn it down?
goes
is making
二观上下文联系
三找隐含条件
Practice makes perfect.
Miss Jones once ____ music at Bardon School for ten years and now is an actress.
A. had taught B. taught
C. is teaching D has been teaching
2. ---Do you often go to shanghai?
--- Yes. I ______ there twice last month.
A. was B. went
C. have gone D. have been
3. I can’t see my coffee in this cupboard. __________?
A. Has it all been finished
B. Was it all finished
C. Has it all finished
D. Did it all finish

4. The country life he was used to ____ in 1992 when a coal mine was opened.
A. change B. has changed
C. changed D. changing
( )
5. ① It ____ long since we ____the result of
the experiment.
② It ____long before we _____the result
of the experiment.
A. will be; will know B. is;will know
C. will be; know D. is; knew
6.The workers _____ busily when the boss came to look for something he ______ in the office.
A. had worked, had left  
B. were working ; had left
C. working ; had left  
D. had worked; left
C
D
B
能力提升
小崔：六年前，我采访过这一对夫妻。六 年没见了， 他们有什么变化吗？
白云： 崔，听说你抑郁了 (suffer from depression) ，好点
了吗？
黑土：昨晚睡着了吗？
小崔： 好多了，一上床就睡着了。
黑土/白云（合）：谢天谢地！
小崔：大妈，听说去年冬天你在写一本书
—《月子》，完成了吗？
白云：去年年底就已经完成了。那书可是相当畅销。
许多人问我，啥时写《月子Ⅱ》？(the Follow-up of …)
黑土：那是因为村头厕所的纸用完了.(toilet paper)
白云：别听他的，他在胡说！(talk nonsense)
黑土：你大妈已经不再是以前的大妈了。
小崔：大叔，这些年你在干什么呢？
黑土：我每天跳、唱。这是我一生中最快乐的日子。
小崔：看来，大叔大妈过去几年里过的很开心，很充实。
Homework:
Write a short passage about the dialogue.
Thank you!