单 项 填 空 题
全国高考英语专题汇总复习课件
命题特征
解题技巧
专题练习
命题要点
单 项 填 空 的 命 题 特 征
知识覆盖面广
语境地位突出
交际性原则明确
试题题干新颖
迷惑性较大
灵活性较高
单项填空的命题要点
连词、代词
形容词、副词
介词搭配
惯用短语
短语动词
情态动词
动词语态
句子结构
动词时态
非谓语动词
解题技巧：
一.还原法
题干以省略句，疑问句，被动句，倒装句，强调句或使用从句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而达到加大难度。
例如：
1. To all of you _____ the honor for the success．
A．belongs to B．belong to
C．belongs D．belong
分析：倒装句，还原后为：
The honor for the success belongs to all of you.
c
2. Time should be made good use of ___our lessons well. A. learning　　B. learned　 C. to learn　　　D. learns
分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为We should make good use of time ____our lesson well.
C
3.——What made her mother so angry? ——____the exam.
A. Because she did not pass　B. Her not passing
C. She did not pass　　 D. Because her not passing
分析；将题干改写为：____the exam made her mother so angry.
B
将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除。
解题决窍：
二.排除思维定势
利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让我们上当的题。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。
例如：

1.I’m sorry I can’t help _____ the floor of the classroom.
A. sweeping B. swept C. to sweep D. to sweeping
C
3. Do you have any idea of the reason _____ he referred to？
A．that B．where C．why D．when
A
A
4. –What do think of the plan?
– I feel ____that we ought to give it up at once.
A. strongly B. strong C. stronger D. it strong
A
2. Madame Curie，for _____ life had once been very hard， was successful later．
A．whom B．which C．whose D．that
正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。
解题决窍：
三.克服汉英差异
英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，如: take part in the celebration, attend a meeting, join the army, take an exam, join in a discussion 例如：
1.– It’s getting late. I'm afraid I must be going now.
　- OK. ______ .
　Ａ．Take it easy 　　 B. Go slowly
C. Stay longer 　　　 D. See you
D
3. There was once a cruel king _____in the castle.
A. lived B. who lives
C. was living D. living
B
D
2. The population of China is _____than that of Russia.
　A. much more B. much larger
　C. many more D. many larger
留心英汉表达差异 ,平时要多读﹑多比较﹑多归纳，尽量避免Chinglish。
解题决窍：
四. 注意题干惯性
此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，我们答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。
例如：
1. －Alice. you feed the bird today, ＿＿＿＿＿ ?
－But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you　 B. will you　 C. didn‘t you　 D. don't you
2. --You haven't been to Beijing, have you?
--_____.How I wish to go there!
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven't
C. No, I have D. No, I haven't
B
D
3.— Has Sam finished his homework today?
—I have no idea. He ______ it this morning
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
c
1）补全对话；
2）分清角色。由于这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时，应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。
解题决窍：
五.区分形近义近词
把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分。例如：
2. －Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?
　 －Yes. They have better players, so I＿＿them to win.
A. hope　　 B. prefer 　 C. expect 　　　D. want
C
1. The films made by Disney ______ all over the world.
  A．are used to show      B．are used to showing
  C．used to be shown D．used to show
3. I’d like to buy a house—modern ,comfortable ,and
_______ in a quiet neighborhood.
A．in all B．above all
C．after all D．at all
B
C
1）明确词意 所选答案要符合句子意思；
2）归纳比较 平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。
解题诀窍
六. 弄清语言环境
命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：
1.－Hey, look where you are going?
－Oh, I'm terribly sorry.＿＿＿．
　 A. I‘m not noticing　　　　 B. I wasn't noticing
　 C. I haven‘t noticing　　　 D. I don't noticing
2. Robert is said _____abroad, but I don't know
what country he studied in.
A. to have studied 　　B. to study
C. to be studying 　 D. to have been studying
A
3. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he
didn’t’ show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
A
B
1）身临其境，揣摩意图 特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，同时注意揣摩命题者的意图；
2） 认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息 如前后动词的时态以及那些貌似与题目无关的信息。
解题诀窍
1． 推敲——体会为主
近几年的高考单项选择题，命题专家精心设计题干，设置选项，是试题测试信度高、区分度好、难度适当的高质量试题。在复习中应对照答案认真推敲，仔细揣摩命题意图、思路，分析语境氛围的各种因素，力求语境氛围有全面清晰通彻的理解，真正领悟出正确答案的真谛所在。常言说“磨刀不误砍柴工”，这有助于提高答题准确率。
2． 运用——实践为主
根据新教材的特点和优势，尽可能在听、说、读、写的技能上多实践以丰富语言经验和语言意识，同时也应该尽可能地充分的利用音、形、图等视听媒介，以强化语言实践的效果。
提高语境选择题解题质量的思考
3． 提高----精练为主

单项选择题的语境设计更贴近生活，更注重语言的适用性。因此高考复习应以夯实基础、提高语用能力为前提，不应当将宝贵的时间和精力耗费在浩瀚的题海中。因而，应避免大战题海，必须选择质量好的语境题来精练，达到掌握知识、理解知识和运用知识，提高能力之目的，举一反三进行解题的有序操作，以求收到事半功倍的效果。
Have a try
The car is already full, so there is no _____ for the computer. A. room B. place C. space D. area
Li Lin came ____ in the English—speaking contest. A. the second B. second C. a second D. seconds
We made Tom ____ monitor of our class and ____ monitor of Class 3 is Mike. A. /; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the
Lucy, as well as her friends, ____ this book before. A. have read B. has read C. reads D. read
Each boy and each girl____reading attentively in the reading room. A. is found B. are found C. is found to D. are found to
---Look, this pen is nice and it writes well. ---OK, I want to buy _____. A. it B. that C. one D. the one
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7.This is so difficult a question ____ almost no one can answer. A. which B. that C. as D. but 8.Don’t be afraid to ask for help ____ it is needed. A. but B. though C. since D. when 9.---Can I stay in Beijing for a week? - ---No, not that long. Just a _____ of days. A. number B. dozen C. few D. couple 10. With the man ____ us, we finished the work on time. A. helping B. to help C. help D. helped 11. In their opinion, this film is ____ one than the other two. A. the best B. the better C. a best D. a better
12. ---Why didn’t you study medicine? - ---I desired ____ into trade, but later I decided to study English. A. going B. to have gone C. to go D. to going
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完形填空
高考英语完形填空趋势
从近几年全国高考的完形填空来看，已经不再考核学生语法方面的知识了，而是从语义搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。而且有些词的选择，必须在理解整篇文章的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。
高考英语完形填空命题特点
1. 短文长度200词左右，生词少，难度适中。
2. 首句无空格，提供语境。5-10词设一人名、
地名、日期、数字不在之列。隔词数越少，
题目越难；反之亦然。
3. 选项多为一词，偶会为词组。四选项为同一类
词或属同一范畴，或近义或形异义，或与前
后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。
高考英语完形填空命题特点
4.考查单词以实词(v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)为主，虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%，其中又以动、名、形为主。
5.以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能正确判断和选择。
英语完形填空解题步骤
通读全文，统揽全局。
逐句分析，确定选项。
通盘理解，上下一致。
复读全文，核对答案。
完形填空解题分类实例分析
一. 按词类分：
1.实词
2.虚词
3.词组
二. 按形式分：
1.单纯性选择
2.常识性选择
3.近义词选择
4.近形词选择
5.惯用法选择

三. 按句义选择
四. 按语义选择
一. 按词类分：
1.实词
2.虚词
3.词组
二. 按形式分：
1.单纯性选择
2.常识性选择
一. 按词类分：
1.实词
2.虚词
3.词组
二. 按形式分：
1.单纯性选择
2.常识性选择
按词类分： 1.实词
例1：
Everyone wants to be healthy and happy. __1__, illness or accidents may occur without__2__.
1.a.Obviously b.Unfortunately
c.Naturally d.Occasionally
2.a.reason b.information
c.warning d.notice
按词类分： 1.实词
例2:
Over the last few years manufacturers have been__1__reducing the size and weight of video-cassette recorders to make the equipment more___2___.
1.a.steadily b.constantly
c.frequently d.essentially
2.a.valuable b. portable(轻便的)
c.selective d.economical
按词类分： 1.实词
例3:
About 120,000 people_1__to the city every year. They come for the few_2__jobs, which are usually no better than__3__they left.
1.a.change b.arrive c.drive d.move
2.a.possible b.popular
c.available (可用的) d.convenient
3.a.one b.the one c.ones d.the ones
按词类分： 2.虚词
例4：
__1_you have chosen an article to read, you will find the important general information_2__the key facts in the first few paragraphs.
1.a.While b.Once
c.As soon as d.Whenever
2.a.with b.by c.for d.at
按词类分： 2.虚词
例5:
when I have free time, I go _1__a long walk. Some people read books or watch TV_2__others have sports.
1.a.to b.for c.on d.with
2a.and b.but c.yet d.while
按词类分： 2.虚词
例6:
the audience waited__1_silence while their aged speaker searched among his notes_2__the figures he could not remember.
1.a.for b.in c.at d.during
2.a.for b.of c.about d.on
按词类分： 3.词组
例7：
He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming__1_.So he _2__into that place.
1.a.after all b.in all
c.at all d.for all
2.a.needn’t go b.needn’t have gone
c.shouldn't’t go d.shouldn’t have gone
例8：(词组)
We __1_about when man first began to use salt,but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout the history._2__,it is recorded in many books that people who lived over 3000 years ago ate s