Learning about Language
Find out the words and phrases in the passage according to the expressions:
A machine usually with wheels and an engine which is used for transporting people or goods on land, particularly on roads. =
To make use of (the prize)=

To be carried away =
vehicle
To take up
To be swept up
Review
4. To see =
5.To be unable to see =
6. You have travelled through many time zones. So you feel very tired. The feeling of this kind of tiredness is called __________.
7. A shortage of oxygen =
To catch sight of
To lose sight of
jet lag
lack of fresh air
8. all the time, very often =

9.to make sb. remember sth. =

10.happening or existing before the one mentioned =

11.rapidly, quickly =
constantly
remind
previous
swiftly
12. Tired =
13. To take goods or people from one place to another in a vehicle=
14. To be quick in action or movement
=
15. Very quickly =
exhausted
transport
hurry
in no time
16. Not sure or feeling doubt =
uncertain
Can you say out more phrases with take?
Take off,
Take away,
Take out,
Take in,
Take… for
Take down，
Take on,
Take over,
Take back,
Find a suitable word to complete each sentence in its proper form:
1. Are you going to _____ up the challenge?
2. Sorry, I’ve ______ up you too much time.
3. When did you _____ up English?
take
taken
take
4. As I walked through the town, I was ________ reminded of my childhood.
5. Please _______ me to get up early next morning.
6.The teacher ________ him that he should pay more attention to his handwriting.
7. The view ________ her of Scotland.
8. She has two children from a _______ marriage.
constantly
remind
reminded
reminded
previous
9. A cat is _______ to a tiger in many respects.
10.What is the _________ between a cat and a tiger?
11.They were ________ dressed.
similar
similarity
similarly
Can you tell the different meanings of the following:
be the same as
be different from
be opposite to
12. I was so _______ about my exams that I didn’t sleep.
13. Jill is always _______ of dogs.(afraid)

14. They were _______ about what to do next.
nervous
nervous
uncertain
15. He didn’t enter the university because of the ______ of money in his family.
16. Sometimes he _______ confidence.

17. Philip was not ________ in intelligence or ability. (short of)
lack
lacking
lacks
18. Alice dressed _________.(quickly)
19. They put out the fire by _______ water on it.
20. Teachers make a living by _________.
21. He wrote the letter with a ________.
22. _______ must do one’s/his duty.
swiftly
pouring
teaching
pen
One
23.I was wandering through the street when I ______ _______ ______ a tailor’s shop.
caught sight of
Can you say out more phrases with catch?
Can you say out more phrases with sight?
catch up with, catch fire, catch cold,
catch the bus, be caught in( a rain),
catch sb. doing, catch one’s attention
at first sight, come in sight,
at/on sight, go out of sight
at the sight of,
24. The strong wind _______ up the leaves off the street.
25. __________, I slid into bed and fell _____ _______.

Notice:
We can only say:
fast/sound asleep, wide awake,
all alone, well worth
swept
Exhausted
fast
asleep
27. She _______ along the ice.
28. I _______ on the ice.( fell down)
29. What on _____ are you speaking?
slid
slipped
earth
Learning about language
Answer key for exercise 1 on page 20
People
space guide
visitors
steward
stewardess
…
Machines / Equipment
time capsule
opening
space capsule
hovering carriages
mask
safety belt
jet
flying vehicles
…
Effects
Time lag
happy and optimistic feelings
uncertain
jet lag
pessimistic or depressed feelings
headache
exhausted…
Answer key for exercise 2 on page 20
search for
take up
slide into
sweep up
press down
search for
swept up
pressed down
sweep up
took up
slid…into
Answer key for exercise 3 on page 20
opportunities
constantly
stewardesses
previous
adjustment
tolerate
take up
lose sight of
link
bent
Using words and Expressions
Answer key for Exercise 1:
lost sight of
Catch sight of
Caught sight of
Lost sight of
Answer key for Exercise 2
typist
capsule
representative
impression
efficiency
motivation
instant
switch
flash
manufactured
materials
settlements
Answer key for Exercise 3
This parcel of books is 250 yuan including postage and packing. Please write down the receiver’s address and don’t forget the postcode.
Decades ago, people used typewriters for formal documents, but mow we use computers and printers to do the same work.
Although it has a long shelf life, instant coffee may go solid if it is not kept dry.
One thousand years in the future, citizens of the earth may be able to dispose of their rubbish using an ecological system.
The snake was so greedy that it swallowed up the rat in one bite.
Dealing with people is one important aspect of a businessman’s work.
When we came home from our walk across the fields, we had mud all over our boots.
After six weeks in hospital, he was back on his feet and ready to start work.
Answer key for Exercise 4
Michael stared as though
He stood as if
He felt as if
He hugged his father as though
all the problems had been removed.
he had never seen his father before.
he could never thank him enough
turned to stone
Janet spent money as if
When the bills came, she cried as if
As she asked the bank manager for a loan, she talked and laughed as if
When she got the money , she felt as though
She walked home as if
she had had a narrow escape
she would never stop
she was floating on air
there was no tomorrow
she had no troubles
Janet felt as if she would never laugh again when her father died.
Giles and Sarah felt as though they were walking on air when they fell in love
Susan felt as though all the energy had gone out of her when she heard the bad news.
Alison felt as if she was standing on top of the world when she climbed Mount Qomolangma.
Sample sentences
Answer key for exercise 1 on page 21
Well-known for their expertise, his parent’s company …
Hit by a lack …
Exhausted, I slid into bed …
Discovering useful structures
Frightened by the loud noise, I went to see what was happening.
Hit by the lack of fresh air, he got a bad headache.
Tired after the long journey, I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station.
Frightened by the noise outside, Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom.
Answer key for exercise 2 on page 21
Built in 1910, the museum is almost 100 years old.
Given some advice by the famous scientist, the student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more.
Exhausted by a day’s work. George took some tablets to help him feel better.
Very astonished by the amount of work in the new timetable (given by her boss), Lucy decided to leave her job immediately.
Answer key for exercise 3 on page 21
Soon we lost sight of that famous astronomer called Li Qiang.
I am going to buy a painting copied from Vincent van Gogh.
I like that old private house built of wood and mud.
The room connected to the rest of the house by a long passage is completely empty.
The queen was sitting in a royal carriage drawn by four horses.
The vehicle mentioned in the book is unknown to me.
The castle built in 1432 is under repair.
Using structures
Well – known for his books about South Africa, JM Coetzee won the Booker Prize.
A princess once owned a magical chair made of gold and sliver.
Oh his birthday he received a mysterious present wrapped in gold paper.
Interrupted by the bell, he was unable to finish his speech.
Awakened by a noise at midnight, she saw thief in her room
Seated, passangers should fasten your seat belts.
Answer key for Exercise 1
called
Endangered
pointed
known
fallen
supported
Terrified
Answer key for Exercise 2
Grammar
过去分词作定语和状语
过去分词有两个显著的特点，即：从时间上讲，表示动作已经完成；从语态上讲，表示被动的概念，但是如果是不及物动词用作过去分词形式，则只表示时间上的过去，而没有被动意义。过去分词在句中通常可以作表语、补足语、定语或状语.
1.过去分词作定语时，单个分词一般放在名词之前，分词短语必须放在名词之后，这种情况与现在分词作定语时相同。

Her job was to take care of the (wounded) soldier .
We are doing our (written) exercises .
The machine (run by the old worker) is made in Shanghai .
2．表示情感的动词的过去分词
一般由表示情感或心理状态的动词转化而来的过去分词作定语时，通常不可以修饰无生命物，有些此类过去分词已经完全形容词化，常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed（失望的），moved（感动的），interested（感兴趣的），touched（被感动的），surprised（感到惊讶的），shocked（震惊的、震撼的），puzzled（迷惑不解的），frightened（受惊吓的）等等。
如： a frightened driver吓坏了的司机
a disappointed girl感到失望的女孩
3．不及物动词的过去分词
一些不及物动词也有过去分词形式，由于不及物动词不可以直接跟宾语，所以不及物动词的过去分词作定语时只表示动作的完成，而没有被动语态的意义。

如： newly-arrived goods新到的
fallen leaves落叶
faded flowers凋谢的花
过去分词作状语
1．基本特点和形式
过去分词作状语要特别注意其逻辑主语应该和句子的主语保持一致。通常过去分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、方式状语、伴随状语和让步状语等，而且可以与对应的状语从句进行句型转换。
1）____ time，he‘ll make a first-class tennis player．
A．Having given B．To give C．Giving D．Given
3）Mr．Smith，____ of the ____ speech，started to read a novel．
A．tired；boring B．tiring；bored
C．tired；bored D． tiring；boring
点拨：be tired of的意思是“厌倦……”，过去分词短语在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语Mr．Smith；现在分词boring的意思是“令人厌烦的”，修饰speech。
2．对逻辑主语一致不作要求的过去分词
有些过去分词在使用过程中已经转换成介词或连词，此时作状语已无法从逻辑主语一致来理解，此类过去分词要引起注意。如：
1）____ the general state of his health，it may take hima while to recover from the operation．
A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given
点拨：此处的given是介词，意思是“鉴于、考虑到”。
2）Granted that he is absent，there is no excuse．

点拨：granted that的意思同even though／even if，用来引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管，即使”。
1. The programs ____ (put) on yesterday evening were really wonderful.
2. ____ (send) to the hospital immediately, the wounded soldier was saved.
3. You'd better not get the plastic bags and boxes ____ (burn), for it will give off some harmful gas and pollutants into the air.
4. The firefighters are trying their best to rescue all the people ______ (trap) in t