Unit 4
Body language
Language points
While reading, please try to divide the whole passage into several parts and find out the main idea.
Part 1 Para 1
You are sent to Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students.
Part 2 (para. 2 and 3 )
Examples of learned or cultural “body language”.
Part 3. (para. 4 )
Different peoples have different body languages.
Part 4. (para. 5)
Summary of body language.
1. Is the author of this passage male or female? How do you know ?
The author is male. Ahmed Aziz will not shake hands with women, but he shakes hands with the author.
2.What were the two mistakes that the author noticed?
He noticed that the Colombian man kissed the British woman, but in her culture, a kiss from a stranger is not acceptable. He also noticed that the Japanese man bowed just as the Canadian man started to shake hands, so one man’s nose touched the other man’s hand.
3. Who seemed to prefer to keep more physical distance from others? Who seemed to prefer closer physical distance ?
The British woman, Julia, and probably the Canadian man, George, seemed to prefer to keep more physical distance from others. The Colombian man, Tony, and the Jordanian man, Ahmed, seemed to prefer closer physical distance .
4. Did any students have similar greeting customs? If so, which ones?
Yes. Tony from Colombia and Darlene from France had a similar greeting custom-a kiss. George from Canada and Ahmed from Jordan also had a similar greeting custom-a handshake, but Ahmed shakes hands only with men.
5. “ When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” What do you think this famous saying means?
This saying means that when we are in a certain place, we should follow the customs of the people who live in that place, not our own customs.
6. Do you agree with the author’s statement that body language is not good or bad? Why or why not?
Students will give their own answers.
Useful phrases
student association
look around
step back
in defence
dash through
on the contrary
nod at
be likely to
in general
学生会
环顾四周
后退
防卫地；戒备地
飞快地穿过
正相反
朝…点头
很可能…；有希望…
大体上,一般来说,通常
既不……也不……
把……介绍给……

亲吻某人脸颊

做……的方法

站/坐/住得靠近…
not…nor…
introduce…to…
kiss sb. on the cheek
the /an approach to doing sth. / the way to do sth.
Stand / sit / live close to…
Language points
represent v.代表，象征；体现，表达；描绘，声称;
1).The competition attracted over 500 players representing 8 different countries.
2).He represented himself as an expert.
3).Let me try to represent my ideas to you in another way.
4).The King is represented as a hero in the play.
____________________________________
1.Yesterday,…representing our university’s student association,…昨天，我和另一个学生代表我们学校的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的留学生。
【归纳总结】
represent 1)vt. 代表；描绘；表现，体现，象征；声称，宣称；说明 2) represent sth 代表某物 3)represent sb as/to be…宣称某人为…… 4)represent sth to sb 向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事 5)represent sth/sb as sth/sb 把……描绘成……
【辨析】
stand for只代表某事物或缩略词。
eg.字母E代表什么？
What does the letter “E” stand for?
【巩固运用】
用represent的正确形式填空。

1）The red lines on the map represent railway lines.

2）她把自己描绘成世界上最好的母亲。
She represents herself as the kindest mother in the world.
3）They represented their concerns to the authorities.（英译汉）
他们向当局陈述了他们关心的问题。
2. … I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.在等了半个小时之后，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。
looking around curiously是动词-ing用作状语，表示伴随状态。
He said it angrily, pointing at the notice on the wall.
curious为高考高频词汇。adj. 好奇的; 奇特的
考查角度主要有两个：
(1) be curious about…
“对……感到好奇”
(2) be curious to do…
“很想做…, 渴望做……”.
be curious about sth. / to do sth.
It is curious that…不寻常，古怪

John is curious about the origin of mankind.
I was curious to know what she said just now.
I heard a curious sound in the next room.
3. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼∙加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅∙史密斯。
closely followed …是过去分词短语，修饰前面的Tony Garcia，相当于非限制性定语从句who was closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain。Tony Garcia与follow之间是动宾关系。比较下面两句话：
There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.
Then soldiers walked forward, followed by their dogs.
4. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder
and kissed her on the check!托尼走进朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，亲了亲她的脸！
approach v. 接近；靠近;
Silently we approached the enemy’s camp.
approach n. 接近；方法；途径；通道
approach to (doing) sth.（做）某事的方法
Snow announced the approach of winter.
The lion’s approach drove away the small animals.
All approaches to the city were blocked.
approach
【观察思考】
v. 1) National Day is approaching.
2) She approached the bank for a loan.
3) As you approach the town, you will see the college on the left.
n. 1) All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.
2) The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.
【归纳总结】
1)approach vt./vi. 接近，靠近，建议，要求,着手处理，开始对付 n. 接近，方法，途径，通道
2)approach sb./sth.接近/靠近某人/某物 3)approach sb. about/for sth. 向某人要求/建议某事
4)approach sb about doing sth. 建议某人做某事
5)the approach to (doing) sth. 做……的方法/途径
【巩固运用】
翻译句子
1）随着冬天的临近，天气变得更冷了。
With the approach of winter the weather got colder.
2）学习外语的最好途径是什么？
What’s the best approach to learning a foreign language?
approach / way / means / method
四者皆有“方式”“方法”“途径”之意，但approach侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式； way为一般用语；means指可以得到结果的方法；method指有规律的、有条理的做法。
1）表“做…的方法”时各自的搭配：
the approach to (doing) sth.
the way to do/of (doing) sth.
the means of (doing) sth.
the method of (doing) sth.
2) 表“用这种方法”时各自的搭配：
with this method
in this way
by this means
At the meeting they discussed three different _____ to the study of maths.
A. approaches B. means
C. methods D. ways
5…touched her shoulder…..
touch v.
touched adj.感激的，激动的，受感动的; touching adj.令人同情的，感人的，动人的
【观察思考】
1）Don’t touch that plate― it’s hot.
2）His story touched us all deeply.
3）Are you still in touch with your friends from college?
4）In his speech he was only able to touch on a few aspects of the problem.
【归纳总结】
1) v.触摸；（使）接触,感动 n. 接触，联系
2) touch sb./sth. 触摸/碰某物
3) touch sb. 感动/触动某人
4) be in touch with sb. 与某人有联系
5) touch on/upon sth. 谈及/提及某事
【拓展】
be out of touch with sb 与某人失去联系
lose touch with sb 与某人失去联系
get in touch with sb 与某人取得联系
keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系;
be touched by… 被……感动
【巩固运用】
我轻轻地碰了碰他的手臂。
I）I _____ _____ lightly ___ ___ ____ .
2）他的话确实触动了我的心弦。
___________________________ my heart.
3）自毕业之后我们一直保持联系。（汉译英）
touched him
on the arm
What he said really touched
We have kept in touch with each other since graduation.
6. …and kissed her on the cheek!
Kiss sb. on the cheek
动词(hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take) +sb.+介词(in, on, by)+ the + 身体部位或衣着
例：1）She touched him on the shoulder. 她碰了碰他的肩。
2）He took the girl by the hand. 他拉着小女孩的手。
3） He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。
4）The stone struck the man in the eye. 石头击中了那人的眼睛。
5）I caught her by the right hand. 我抓住她的右手。
比较：
她拍了拍那男孩的头。
She patted the boy on his head.
（误，本结构中身体部位或衣着前不用one’s）
She patted the boy on the head. （正）
7. She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。
appearing surprised在这里用作状语。
The high wall was built as a defence against intruders. [C]
A lot of money is spent on defence. [U]
defence n. 防御；保卫
defend v. 保护；保卫
Chinese people defended against the Japanese army during World War 2.
in defence自卫，防御
in defence of 保卫…，为…辩护
defend…against / from 保卫…以免受
defend oneself自卫，为自己辩解
The young man joined the army in defence of his country.
Soldiers should defend their country against the enemies.
8. major
【观察思考】
adj.1) This is a major road.
2) Water plays a major role in our life.
n. Her major is History.
vi. She majored in English at Shandong University.
【归纳总结】
1）adj. 主要的，重要的，大的 play a major role in sth 在某事中起重要作用 2）n. 主修课程，专业课3）v. 主修 major in sth 主修（=specialize in sth ） major on sth 专门研究（课题、文体等）
【巩固运用】
1）这是一家大跨国公司。
This is a major international company.
2）Never mind― it’s not major.
别担心―这不严重。
3）他在大学主修法语。
He majored in French when he was at university.
4）The majority（多数人） ______ in favor of banning smoking.
A. are B. is C. should being D. A or B
9. They both apologized--- another…两个人都互相道了歉——这又是一个文化差错！
apologize v. apology n.
apologize to sb. for sth. / doing sth./ having done sth.
make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.
accept / refuse an apology
10.As I get to know more international friends,
I learn more about this cultural “body
language”.随着认识的国际朋友越来越多，我也了解到更多不同文化背景下的“身体语言”。
get to do在这暗示一个较长的过程，含有“渐渐开始”之意，此时get后接的不定式通常为to know, to like, to hate, to understand, to realize等表示心理感觉的动词。I really wanted to get to know America.
After a time you get to realize that these things don’t matter.
11. Not all cultures greet each other the same
way, nor are they comfortable in the same
way with touching or distance between people.各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。
nor / neither 否定副词, 常置于句首, 此时句子要倒装, 即助动词/系动词/情态动词放在主语之前.
nor = and also not / neither
I don’t like her, nor/neither does Lily.
I am not a nurse, nor/ neither is Lily.
with touching 方式状语
= while they are touching…or being…
She can’t dance,  ________ he. 
I don’t want to go, ________ I.我也不会去。
I don’t know about it, _______ I care.
If you don’t go, ________ I.我也不会去。
nor can
nor will
nor do
nor will
Not all“并非全部”，表部分否定。
all, every, everybody, everything, both, always等与否定词 not 连用时，不管not 放前还是放后，均表示部分否定，而非全部否定 。
如：Not all…= all…not“不是全部都…”，用于三者以上。
All the girls don’t like dancing.
=Not all the girls like dancing.
不是所有的女孩都喜欢跳舞。
Not both…= both…not “不是两个都”
1）I don’t know all of them.

2）I don’t like both of the books.

3）Not every student goes to the farm on Sundays.

4）Not everyone in our class likes football.
在我们班并非每个人都喜欢足球。
并非每个学生星期天都去农场。
这两本书我