GRAMMAR
Key for Exercise 1:
1. bond 2. nest 3. institute 4. crowd in 5. childhood 6. outspoken 7. move off 8. welfare 9. project
Reviewed some words in the text.
behave
achievement
specialist
advertise
observe
inspire
argue
permission
organization
connection
Key for Exercise 3:
1. observed 2. worthwhile 3. argue 4. respect
Subject–verb Agreement
主 谓 一 致
Unit 1 Grammar
The boy ___ diving.
They ____ diving.
Both Jack and Tim ___ diving.
All of them ____ diving.
Neither Jack nor Tim ___ walking.
is
are
are
is
are
Finish the following exercises:
Bob _____ a worker.
is
Mike and Bob _____ workers.
are
Both Mike and Bob ____
workers.
are
Neither Mike nor Bob ___a teacher.
is
Neither of them ___________
(know) how to teach English.
knows/know
All of them ______ workers.
are
The team ____ some good players. (have)
The team ____ handsome. (be)
has
are
The group ___ made up of nine students. (be)
The group ____ dancing happily. (be)
is
are
主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。
二、意义一致
三、就近原则
一、语法一致
Subject–verb Agreement 主谓一致
主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：
主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；
主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
例如：
I often help him and he often helps me.
我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。
We often help each other.
我们经常互相帮助。
不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；
可数名词的复数形式作主语，
谓语动词用复数。
一、语法一致
主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；
主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。如：
The crowd were surrounding the government official.
人群包围了这位政府官员。
Maths is hard to learn.
数学难学。
二、意义一致
Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860.
《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯1860年所著
就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.
桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
三、就近原则
There ___ a pen, a knife and several books on the
desk.
桌上有一支笔，一把刀和几本书。
There ___ twenty boy students in the class.
班上有 20 个男生。
Either you or your sister __ to blame.
你或者你妹妹该受责备。
Not only the students but also their teacher ___
invited to attend the party.
学生跟老师都受邀参加聚会。
17

选择最佳答案
1. ______ was wrong.
A. Not the teacher but the students      
B. Both the students and the teacher
C. Neither the teacher not the students   
D. Not the students but the teacher
2. Neither my wife nor I myself ____ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be
and连接两个或两个以上的主语时

and连接两个或两个以上的主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如：
He and I are both students of this school.
我和他都是这个学校的学生。
Time and tide wait for no man.
岁月不饶人。
注意的规则
A.表整体概念的并列结构：
bread and butter knife and fork
iron and steel law and order
B.配套事物：
a watch and chain
a needle and thread
The knife and fork is on the desk.
(2)如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构
是指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，
谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词
前不加冠词。
试比较：
The writer and translator is delivering a speech
in our school tonight.
The writer and the translator are delivering a
speech in our school tonight.
A black and white dog is playing in the yard.
(指一只狗)
A black and a white dog are playing in the yard.
(指两只狗)
(指同一个人)
(指两个人)
The singer and dancer ___ on the stage. (be)
is
A knife and fork ___ used to have meals. (be)
is
2. 用连接的并列主语被each, every, no, many a, more than one 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl in the class is
diligent.
班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。
Each man and each woman ___ a chance to be raised in our company.
在我们公司每个人都有机会得到提拔。
Every boy and every girl ____ the right to receive education.
男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。
Many a boy and many a girl ___ seen it.
许许多多的男孩和女孩都已看到它了。
More than one example is necessary to help the students understand this rule clearly.
为了帮助学生清楚地理解这条规则，多个例子是必要的。
注意： “more＋复数名词＋than one”结构
作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
More persons than one have been involved.
卷入其中的远不止一人。
【感悟高考】
(1)It is reported that many a new house__________________ (build) at present in the disaster area.
(2010·陕西，24)
解析　many a＋名词作主语，谓语用单数，根据at present可知，时态为现在时。句意：据报道，目前灾区人们正在建设大量新房屋。
is being built
3. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数。
Each of us has something to say.
我们每个人都有些话要说。
4. 集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，
也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。
强调整体时用单数，强调整体中的个体
的用复数。这类名词有people, family,
class, population, crowd, team, ground等。
His family is going out. 他们全家要外出。
His family are all music lovers.
他们全家都是音乐爱好者。
5.有些集体名词，如people, police, cattle 等做主语时。谓语动词往往用复数。
The police observe that man enter into a bank.
Are there any police around？
周围有警察吗？
The cattle are grazing in the fields.
牛在田里吃草。
6. 有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，
谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有
means, deer, sheep, Chinese, fish等。如：
Not every means is useful.
并非每种方法都有效。
Not all means are useful.
并非所有的方法都有效。
7. 表示一类人的 “the +形容词(分词)”
作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
a. The sick in the accident have been
taken to the hospital.
b. The lost have been found.
8. 主语后面带有with, along with, together
with, as well as, besides, like, without,
except, including, but 等引导的短语
时，谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人
称和数上保持一致。例如：
The teacher, together with his students,
is planting trees in the garden.
老师和同学们正在花园里种树。
34
E-mail, as well as the telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication. （1分）
A is playing B. have played
C. are playing D. play
Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (上海2005) （1分）
A. work B. working
C. is working D. are working
3) A library with five thousand books ___ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered

4) Nobody but Jane ___ the secret.
A. know B. knows
C. have known D. is known
【感悟高考】
(1)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _____________________ (exhibit) at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
(2010·天津，10)
解析　“民间艺术”和“展出”为动宾关系，应用被动语态，由arts可知用复数。
are being exhibited
(2)Dr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters，___________________(visit) Beijing this summer.
(2009·陕西，7)
解析　当主语后出现together with/as well as等介词短语时，谓语动词的数与介词短语前的主语保持一致；根据时间状语this summer可知应用一般将来时态。
is going to visit
9. 用连词 or, either…or, neither…nor,
not only…but also等连接并列主语时，
谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。
a. Neither you nor I am wrong.
Neither I nor you are wrong.
b. Not only the students but also the
teacher enjoys listening to the music.
Not only the teacher but also the
students enjoy listening to the music.
10. the rest of, half of, majority of, part
of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of,
a plenty of, percent of 以及分数词等作
主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后
面名词的数，即就近原则。如：
A part of the students have arrived.
部分学生已到了。
A part of the apple has been eaten by
the mouse.
这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。
11 不定代词anyone anybody anything everyone everybody everything someone somebody something no one nobody nothing each the other等做主语时。谓语动词用单数。
Is everyone here?
复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词
用单数。
Someone is calling you.
有人叫你。
Nothing is found in the room.
在屋里找不到什么东西。
12 代词none和neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数，主要看说话人的意思，但代表不可数名词，谓语动词只能用单数。
None of them is\are right.
None of the information is true.
12. 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词
作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语
动词用单数。如：
a. Thirty years is not a long time.
30年的时间并不长。
b. Two hours is enough for me to finish
the work.
两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。
13. 名词如trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；而形复义单的名词如news;以-ics结尾的学科名称如physics, politics, 国名如the United States; 报纸名如the New Times; 书名如Great Expectations(《远大前程》)；以及the United Nations作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：
The scissors are sharp.
No news is good news.
Great Expectations was written by
Charles Dickens in 1860.
14. 如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或
主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
What he is doing seems very important.
他正在做什么看起来很重要。
Serving the people is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福。
14. 在表存在的there be 句式中，主语是
两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的
形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持
一致。
There is a pen, two pencils and several
books on the desk.
=There are two pencils, a pen and
several books on the desk.
=There are several books, a pen and
two pencils on the desk.
2. what 从句的并列式作主语时，如果
是并列完整式，谓语动词常用复数；如果
是并列缩略式，常用单数。如：
What he says and what he thinks have nothing
to do with me.
他说什么想什么与我无关。
What I say and do is my own affair.
我的所说所为是我自己的事。
注意：在what引导的主语从句中，如果表语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

What we need are good teachers.
我们需要的是好老师。
What I bought were three English books.
我买的是三本英语书。
15. 由here， there等引导的倒装句中，
若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最
近的主语保持一致。如：
a. Here comes the bus.
b. Here is a pen and two books for you.
1. On the wall______ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang
C. hanged D. hanging
2. “News of victories _____ pouring in as
our army advances,” the company
commander said.
A. keep B. kept
C. keeps D. have kept
单选
3. There _____ a lot of milk in the bottle.
A. are B. is
C. were D. has
4. All but one ____ in the accident．
A. was killed B. were killed
C. will be killed D. are killed
5. Zhang’s family ____ rather big, with
twelve people in all.
A. is B. are
C. being D. was
6. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.
A. know B. knows
C. have known D. is known
7. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
8. A library with five thousand books____ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered
C. are of