Learning about language
Including many cultures
Made of many colors
Including many nations
Using many media
Having many stories
Having many channels
existing in many forms
made of many tracks
including many religions/faiths
made of many members/people
to the east
ahead, to the front
to higher position/level
out, in a direction away
to lower position/level
to the rear, to the back
to the west
to the south
to the north
to the inside
in a direction to
Answer key for Exercise 2:
1. baggage 2. minister
3. quiz 4. chat
5. aboard 6. scenery
7. slightly 8. surround
同位语从句
1. 概念:
在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
2. 功能:
同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。
3. 用法:
常跟的抽象名词有: fact/ idea/reason/ thought/order/ doubt/news/hope/ truth/belief …
4. 连词
that/whether/who/ which/ what /when /where/why/how
同位语从句与定语从句区别:
1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句。
He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon.
Word came that he had been abroad.
据说他已经出国了。
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.
我们的队赢了, 这让我们很高兴。
(定语从句)
(同位语从句)
2.从性质上区别
　 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴，如:
The news that our team has won the game was true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
(同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)
The news that he told me yesterday was true.
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
(定语从句, news在从句中作told的宾语)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
　 有些引导词如how, whether, what 可以引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。
如: That question whether we need it has not been considered.
我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。
(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时, 在从句中一般作主语或宾语 (指物时还可以用which代替), 并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用, 不充当任何成分, 并且不能省略, 也不能用which来代替，如:
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.
我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。
(同位语从句, 是对order的具体解释, that虽不作成分, 但不能省略)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。
(定语从句, 是名词order的修饰语, that在从句中作received的宾语, 可以省略)
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.  A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.  A. that B. what C. which D. why
A
A
练一练！
3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. 　A. what B. that C. why D. when
4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.  A. which B. that C./ D. it
B
B
5. I have no idea ____ he will start. 　A. when B. that C. what D./ 6. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow. 　A. if B. that C. whether D. which
B
A
7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him. 　A. when B. which
C. what D. that 8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. 　A. which B. whether
C. that D. what
D
C
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.  A. that B. as
C. of which D. which
A
10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing. 　 A. whether B. where
C. that D. when
11. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
A
B
11. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that
C. what D. whether
B
13. Luckily, we'd brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
14. Do you have any idea ___ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which
D
B
15. One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.
A. that B. what that
C. that what D. whether
that 引导同位语从句，补充说明view; what引导主语从句并在同位语从句中作主语。
C
16. A story goes ____Elizabeth I of
England liked nothing more than being
surrounded by clever and qualified
noblemen at court. (04,上海）
A. when B. where
C. what D. that
D
17. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(04，上海）
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
B
18. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ___ road conditions need____. (03,上海）
A. that; to be improved
B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving
D. when; improving
A
19. There is a feeling in me _____ we’ll never know what a UFO is—not never.
A. that
B. which
C. of which
D. what
A
20. I have no idea ____ we can spend our holiday.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. what
A
21. The news ____ he told us yesterday is not true, but the news ____ our team has won the match is true.
A. /; that
B. that; /
C. that; which
D. that; who
A
22. The question occurred to me ____ the book was worth reading.
A. what
B. whether
C. which
D. if
B
We were excited at the news. Our football team had won a third match .

They have made a new plan. Another experiment building will be put up beside the library.
I.合并成一句:
We were excited at the news that our football team had won a third match.
They have made a new plan that another experiment building will be put up beside the library.
3. They had the question. Could he pass the final exam?

4. Who did the damaged computer belong to? No one had any idea.
They had the question whether he could pass the final exam.
No one had any idea who the damaged computer belonged to.
5.The problem has been solved. Why were so many areas flooded during the heavy storm?
The problem why so many areas were flooded during the heavy storm has been solved.
II. 判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。
① The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world.
② That’s the best piece of news I’ve heard.
同
定
③ Is there any hope that he will be home at 7?
④ I’ve no hope that my parents have been expecting to me.
同
定
⑤ The possibility that you referred to doesn’t exist at all.
⑥ There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week.
同
定
Using structures on P71
1. His suggestion that we should take the train from west to east across Canada sounds very exciting.
2. The idea that they would clone the first human being surprised many people at the meeting.
3. He broke the rule that no one is allowed to smoke on the campus.
4. The Chinese basketball fans were wild with joy when they heard the news that Yao Ming had collected forty points for the Houston Rockets in the game.
5. Mary left a message with me for you that she won’t be able to see you off this afternoon.
6. There is no doubt that he is the right person for this job.
7. In the letter he expressed the hope that he would come and visit China again.
8. The captain gave the order that all the soldier had to reach the village before dawn.
9. Not everyone present agrees to his thought that it is impossible to finish the work before the end of this month.