Canada——“The True North”
Unit 5
第二课时　Learning about Language
Unit 5
同位语从句
观察并研究下列句子，写出引导词引导何种从句。
①The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.(　　　　)
②Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.(　　　　)
③The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.(　　　　)
答案：①同位语从句　②同位语从句　③同位语从句
一、基础点拨
(一)定义
在复合句中，跟在一个名词后对其做进一步解释说明的从句叫做同位语从句。
(二)可接同位语从句的名词
同位语从句说明的名词大多是抽象名词，同位语从句的作用便是对这种包含抽象意义的名词进行解释说明。常见的可接同位语从句的名词有：news，fact，idea，hope，thought，order，belief，doubt，message，promise，question，reply，suggestion，advice等。
(三)同位语从句的引导词及其功能
①The vain man always has the idea that he should control everything.(that引导同位语从句，从句意义完整)
这个自负的人总是认为他应该控制一切。
②I still have no idea why they left the party without a word last night.
我仍然不知道昨晚他们为什么没说一句话就离开了宴会。
(why引导同位语从句，在从句中充当状语，表示“为什么”)
名师点拨
同位语从句的位置：同位语从句一般跟在所说明或解释的名词后面。但有时也可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
①The news came finally that the national team had won the game.
国家队赢得比赛的消息终于传来了。
(that引导同位语从句，修饰the news，被谓语动词came隔开)
②There's a feeling in me that we'll never know what a UFO is.
我有一种感觉，我们永远都无法知道UFO是什么。
(that引导同位语从句，修饰a feeling，被in me隔开)
二、难点突破
(一)学习同位语从句应注意的问题
1．表达“是否”的概念时，一般用whether不用if引导同位语从句。
She was in doubt whether she was right.
她对她是否正确拿不准。
2．当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置，构成分隔式同位语从句。
Word came that the novel hit the whole country instantly.
有消息传来，这本小说瞬间轰动全国。
3．在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式，即(should＋)动词原形。常见的这类名词有insistence(坚持)，order(命令)，demand(要求)，advice(建议)，proposal(建议)，request(请求)。
She made a request that we should help her.
她恳求我们帮她的忙。
(二)定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1．定语从句中的that和同位语从句中的that的区别：
①They heard the news on the radio yesterday that a typhoon was coming.
昨天他们从收音机里听到台风要来的消息。
(that引导的是同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分，无意义，只起连接作用)
②She bought the book that she had been dreaming of.
她把她一直梦想的那本书买回来了。
(that引导的是定语从句，that连接主从句；指代先行词the book；在从句中作宾语)
2．定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是对先行词进行修饰或限定，不可去掉先行词；而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行进一步解释说明，去掉先行词句子仍然正确。
The information that they got yesterday has no use.
他们昨天得到的信息没什么用处。(画线部分为定语从句，去掉先行词the information后剩下的句子不正确)
We have received the information that they may have left the country.
我们已经得到消息，他们可能已经离开了这个国家。
(画线部分为同位语从句，如果去掉the information，剩下的仍然是个正确的句子。)
3．同位语从句对应的名词一般为抽象名词；而定语从句的先行词没有这方面的限制。
①The decision when they will leave for Beijing hasn't been made.
他们还没有做出决定将何时动身去北京。
(when引导同位语从句，decision是抽象名词)
②They will always remember the days when they lived in that mountain village.
他们会永远记住他们生活在那个山村的日子。
(when引导定语从句，the days是具体名词)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·合肥高一检测) We are faced with a problem ________ we have not enough natural resources.
A．which B．what
C．that D．whose
答案：C　句意：我们面临着一个问题：我们没有足够的自然资源。that引导的从句作problem的同位语。
2．We have no idea at all ________.
A．where he has gone
B．where did he go
C．which place he has gone
D．where has he gone
答案：A　句意：我们根本不知道他去了哪里。where引导同位语从句，在从句中作地点状语；从句用陈述语序，故选A。而C项缺少介词to，即go to＋宾语。
3．The experts in medicine are trying to reduce people's fear ________ H7N9 is frightening.
A．which B．when
C．that D．if
答案：C　句意：医学专家们正在努力减少人们对H7N9的恐惧。从句意义完整，且从句不缺少任何成分，故that引导同位语从句。
4．The students have got a message ________ there will be examinations at the weekend.
A．when B．which
C．as D．that
答案：D　句意：学生们已得到了一个消息，周末将有考试。that引导的从句作message的同位语。
5．(2014·襄阳高一检测) The order came ________ the soldiers ________ the small village the next morning.
A．that; had to leave
B．that; should leave
C．/; must leave
D．when; should leave
答案：B　that引导的从句作order的同位语，故从句中谓语动词应用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”形式。
6．The belief ________ people find it more convenient to shop online ________ in the research.
A．that; was proved
B．that; were proved
C．which; proved
D．whether; proved
答案：A　考查that引导的同位语从句及prove的用法。句意：在研究中，人们认为网上购物更方便的想法证明是正确的。that引导的从句作belief的同位语。
7．(2014·荆州高一检测) There is a strong probability ________ Mr. Brown will be promoted next week.
A．that B．which
C．what D．how
答案：A　句意：很有可能布朗先生将在下周被提升。从句意义完整，且从句不缺少成分。probability后接同位语从句，应用that引导。
8．(2014·海口高一检测)There is some doubt among people ________$ 749 is too much for an iPhone 4.
A．that B．whether
C．what D．if
答案：B　考查同位语从句。句意：人们心中存着疑问：749美元对于一部iPhone 4来说是否太贵了。whether引导同位语从句，意为：是否。
9．Finally they found out the truth ________ their so­called boss had gone abroad with all their money.
A．what B．which
C．that D．where
答案：C　句意：最终他们发现他们所谓的老板已经带着他们所有的钱出国了。这里的从句说明truth的内容，为同位语从句，从句不缺成分，用that引导。
10．(2014·长沙高一检测)We expressed the hope ________ they would come and visit our hometown again.
A．which B．that
C．when D．whether
答案：B　句意：我们表达了希望他们再来参观我们故乡的愿望。that引导的同位语从句作hope的同位语，句中不缺少任何成分。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.(　　　　)
2．I've come with a message from Mr. Wang how he won't be able to see you this afternoon.(　　　　)
3．He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not.(　　　　)
4．I've read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday.(　　　　)
5．One of the men held the opinion when what the book said was right.(　　　　)
6．The news what you told us is really encouraging.
(　　　　)
7．Dad made a promise which he would buy his children gifts.(　　　　)
8．It is a question what he did it.(　　　　)
答案：1.that→which　2.how→that　3.if→whether
4．where→that/which或去掉where　5.when→that
6．what→that/which或去掉what　7.which→that　8.what→how