Festivals
around the world
Language points
●重点单词1．starve vi. & vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死 →starvation n．饿死2．origin n．起源；由来；起因  →original adj.原来的3．religion n．宗教→religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的4．belief n．信任；信心；信仰
5．gain vt.获得；得到 =get6．independence n. 独立；自主  →independent adj. 独立的；自主的7．gather vt. &vi. 搜集；集合；聚集8．agricultural adj. 农业的；农艺的 →agriculture n. 农业；农艺；农学9．award n. 奖；奖品 vt.授予；判定
10．admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕  →admiration n. 羡慕11．energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的 →energy n. 能量；精力12．custom n. 习惯；风俗13．permission n. 许可；允许 →permit vt.允许 n.许可证；执照
14．apologize vi.道歉；辩白 →apology n. 道歉15．sadness n.悲哀；悲伤→sad adj.悲哀的；悲伤的16．obvious adj.明显的；显而易见的17．forgive vt.原谅；饶恕→forgiveness n．原谅→forgiving adj.宽恕的；宽容的
●重点短语1．take place　发生2．in memory of 纪念3．dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰4．play a trick on 诈骗；开玩笑5．look forward to 期望；期待；盼望6．day and night 日夜7．as if/though 似乎，好像
8．have fun with 玩得开心9．turn up 出现；到场10. keep one’s word 守信用；履行诺言11．hold one’s breath 屏息；屏气12．set off 出发；动身；使爆炸13．remind...of... 使……想起……
14．be/get married to 和……结婚15．apologize to sb. for... 因……向某人道歉16．in celebration of 为了庆祝17．have belief in 对……有信仰18．be drowned in 沉溺于；埋头于
1. Festival are meant to celebrate important times of year.
节日就是庆祝一年中重要的日子。
mean 的用法
1). mean doing sth.意味着
Playing all the time means failing the exam.
整天玩耍意味着考试失败。
2) mean to do sth. 打算或企图做……
①抱歉，我不是故意伤害你的。
Sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt you.
Sorry, I mean no harm to you.
had meant to 本来打算做……
②我本来打算先做英语练习的。
I had meant to do English exercises first.
③抱歉，我不是故意的。
Sorry, I didn’t mean it.
In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait
C. wait D. to be waiting
句意为：在伦敦的一些地方，错过一班公共汽车意味着再等一个小时。
A
想一想
2. take place 发生；举行
①演出没有进行。
The performance didn’t take place.
②事故发生时，有人路过那里吗？
Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place?
Great changes ___ in the rural areas in the last two decades.
A. are happening B. have taken place
C. took place D. have been taken place
B
take place 不能用于被动语态中，句中短语 in the last two decades 可确定句子的时态为现在完成时。
take place与happen
take place：发生,举行；侧重安排或计划而发生的事，带有“非偶然”的意思。
The Olympic Games take place every four years.
happen：常指客观事物或情况偶然、不可预料地发生。（happen to … 碰巧发生）
The fire happened at midnight.
I happened to meet Ann today.
与place相关短语：
3. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere.
① 我们卖各式各样的鞋。
We sell all kinds of shoes.
= We sell shoes of all kinds.
②那类问题是很难解答的。
That kind of questions is very difficult to answer.
= Questions of that kind are difficult to answer.
4. starve v. 1）挨饿；饿死
Millions of people starved to death during the war. 战争中数百万人挨饿至死。
2）starve for sth=be starved of sth
=long for渴望得到
e.g.这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。
The homeless children starved for/were starved of love.
3）感觉很饿（仅用于进行时态）
When will dinner be ready ? I’m starving.晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。
5. honour
n. 1) 光荣，荣誉
e.g.他们为了国家的荣誉而战。
They fight for the honour of the country.
2) in honour of 纪念…；向…表示敬意
e.g.这个节日是为了纪念英雄而确立的。
A festival is set in honour of the hero.
3) an hounour 光荣的人或事情
e.g.刘翔是我国的光荣人物。
Liu Xiang is an honour to our country.

vt. 4) 尊敬,给以荣誉
e.g.孩子们应该尊敬父母。
Children should honour their parents.
6. …or satisfy the ancestors , who could return either to help or to do harm.
①satisfy vt. 使满意
e.g.很难使每个人都满意。
It’s hard to satisfy everyone.
②do harm to sb/sth. =harm sbsth. 伤害…
e.g.在阳光下看书会伤害我们的眼睛。
Reading in the sun does harm to eyes.
7. in memory of 纪念(与动词或be连用)
①这个博物馆是为了纪念那位著名的科学家而建立的。
The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.②他写了首感人的长诗来纪念他的妻子。
He wrote a long moving poem in memory of his wife.
8. dress vt. (+sb./oneself) “给…穿衣服”。
e.g. 唤醒孩子,给他们穿上衣服。
Wake up children and dress them.
get dressed 穿衣服
be dressed in+衣服/颜色 “穿着……”
= be in+衣服/颜色
e.g. 这个女孩穿着一身红衣服。
The girl was dressed in red.
dress up (as...) 打扮/化妆（成……）
1)快点打扮好，我们得走了。
Dress up quickly; we have to go.
2)派对上Tom把自己打扮成一个天使。
Tom dressed himself up as an angle in the party.
9. gain vt. & vi. 获得；赢得 (1)I have __________________________ since I arrived. 我到这里以后，结识了很多朋友。(2)He had ________________ and looked much better.他体重增加，脸色好看多了。
gained a lot of friends
gained weight
n. 收获(1)No ______， no ______. 不劳无获。(2)______ into the pit, ______ in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
pains
gains
A fall
a gain
10. award
n. 奖品，奖项，奖金, 助学金
Mary got an award and was able to finish her study.
vt. 授予……；裁定……
award sb. sth./sth. to sb. 授予某人某物 win/receive/get an award for
因……而获奖
(1)They __________ John the first prize.他们授予约翰一等奖。(2)He won _____________ his excellent skill.他由于他出色的技能而获奖。
awarded
the award for
11. admire vt. 钦佩；赞赏；欣赏
admire sb/sth (for sth)
①他们很欣赏我们的花园。
They admired our garden very much.
②我羡慕他生意上的成功。
I admire him for his success in business.
admire oneself in the mirror照镜自怜
12. look forward to 期望；期待；盼望[即学即练9](1)My mother said she was _______________ _______________ you.我妈妈说她正期待着与你见面。(2)I was _________________________ his comments on this new film.我期待听到他对这部新影片的评论。
looking forward
to meeting
looking forward to hearing
look forward to 结构中的 to为介词，其后接名词或动名词（动词ing形式）。类似的动词短语还有：be/become/get used to 习惯于…… pay attention to 注意devote...to... 把……致力于…… prefer...to...宁愿……也不……
13. as though/ if+句子：“好像”
①今天你看上去好像病了。
It looks as though you are ill today.
②他表现得若无其事。
He acted as if nothing had happened.
14. turn up 出现；到场；开大，调高 (1)Guess who ___________ at Mary's wedding.猜猜都有谁参加了玛丽的婚礼。(2)The book you have lost will _______ someday.你丢的那本书说不定哪一天又会找到。(3)Please ______________.  I want to listen to the news. 请把收音机音量开大些，我想听听新闻。
turned up
turn up
turn up the radio
拓展：turn down关小，调低；拒绝turn off关(水源、煤气、电等)；令……厌烦turn on打开；使……感兴趣turn out结果是；证明是；turn to转向，变成；求救于，求助于
15. keep one’s word守信用；履行诺【注意】keep one’s word=keep one’s promise，反义短语是break one’s word/promise。注意两短语中的word不可数，无复数。
(1)She is a girl who always _____________.她是一个很讲信用的人。(2)Don’t _________________， otherwise no one will trust you.不要失信，否则没有人会信任你。
keeps her word
break your word
holding his breath
16. hold one’s breath 屏息；屏气
take a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
The race was so close that everyone was _____________________ at the finish.这是一场势均力敌的比赛，以至于到最后每个人都屏住了呼吸。
17. apologize v．道歉
apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.
＝say sorry to sb. for (doing) sth.
apology n．道歉
accept/refuse an apology 接受/拒绝道歉
1)Bill was ______________ his friend ______ having kept her waiting for a long time.比尔正在向他的朋友道歉，因为让她等了好长时间。(2)I ____________ my host and left early.我向主人道过歉后提早离去。(3)Please ______ my sincere ________.请接受我真诚的歉意。
apologizing to
for
said sorry to
accept
apology
18. remind vt. 提醒；使想起
reminder n. 起提醒作用的人或物
remind sb. of sth./doing提醒某人(做)某
remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人去做
remind sb. that...提醒某人……
(1)The pictures ______ me ______ my school days.这些照片使我想起学生时代。(2)I __________ him ______ he must go home before dark.我提醒他必须在天黑前回家。(3) _________me ____________ to Mother.提醒我给母亲写信。
remind
of
reminded
that
Remind
to write
Holi — A festival in India
每年2月底或3月初，即印度历12月的月圆之夜，印度教的传统大节胡里节(也叫洒红节)就要开始了。上至达官显贵，下至寻常百姓，都载歌载舞，尽情地用五彩缤纷的颜色装扮起来，迎接春天的到来。到时候，印度人为了表示喜庆和祝福，会向人们身上泼洒五颜六色的颜料。
胡里节源于印度的著名史诗《摩诃婆罗多》。传说，从前有一位国王暴虐无道，狂妄自大，连天神也不放在眼里。一天，暴君对国民宣布，不准人们再提天神的名字，举国上下只能崇拜他一个人，否则就严加惩处。王子是天神的忠实信徒。他公开反对父亲，对天神依然虔诚如初。因此，暴君对王子怀恨在心，千方百计要陷害他。暴君叫人把王子推下万丈悬崖，但王子没有摔死。后来，暴君又命大象踩死王子，也未得逞。
暴君的妹妹名叫胡里，曾得神灵保佑不怕火烧，因此，暴君就让胡里抱住王子跳进熊熊燃烧的火中，企图烧死王子。孰料，王子毫发未损，胡里却葬身火海。当王子走出火堆时，人们向王子洒七色彩粉，表达对善良的赞颂和对邪恶的憎恨。每年人们都将柴草堆成一堆，象征助纣为虐的胡里，将其焚烧。据说，在此期间，人们可以大声说脏话，甚至骂人，表示对坏人的唾弃。