Learning about language
Answer key for exercise 1 on page 3
(1) select
(2) rare
(3) reception
(4) amaze
(5) Less than
(6) wooden
(7) in search of
(8) survive
(9) remove
(10) artist
(11) former
(12) at war
Discovering useful words and expressions
(1) dynasties
(2) style
(3) amazing
(4) jewels
(5) designed
(6) decorated
(7) fancy
(8) rare
(9) doubt
(10) worth
Answer key for exercise 2 on page 3
A 3 B 2 C 3 D 1
Answer key for exercise 3 on page 3
Grammar
The Restrictive and
Non- Restrictive Attributive Clause
Discovering useful structures
Can you tell the difference between Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Clause?
A. In written form
B. In how close the clause is
connected with the main sentence
e.g. Beijing is a city that I’ve always wanted to visit.
Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history.
Mr. Black is the man who rescued me from the river.
Mr. Black, who is a doctor, rescued me from the river.
C. In Antecedent (先行词)
e.g. Mike sold the house which his family had lived in for 30 years.
Mike sold the house, which made his father very angry.
Mike lived in Lincoln Street, where many important people lived.
D. In the Relative Pronouns (关系代词)
She married a man (that / whom /who) she met on the bus.
The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.
which 在从句中作宾语,但不能省略
He failed in the exam, that made his mother angry.
He failed in the exam, which made his mother angry.
关系代词：which / who / whom /
whose / as
关系副词：when / where
(非限制性定语从句中不用关系词that；非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略)
非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词。
限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；
非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号
隔开。
My cousin whose father is a teacher wants to be an actor.
My cousin , whose father is a teacher , wants to be an actor.
For reference
A. This is the place where I lived ten
years ago.
B. She is going to spend the winter
holiday in Macao, which returned to
China in 1999.
2. A. He is a man who I can ask for help.
B. His father, who works in Beijing,
came back yesterday.
限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。
1. I have a sister who works in a hospital.
我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。
（不只一位姐姐）
2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.
我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。
（只有一位姐姐）
有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。
3. All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.
里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）
4.All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。（杂志只有一种）
His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.
Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.
当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。
Differences
Comma（逗号）
The non-restrictive attributive clause can
be left out.（非限制性定语从句可被省略）
We can’t use “that” in it.（非限制性定语
从句中不可以用that)
We can’t miss the relative words. （非限
制性定语从句中关系代词不可以被省略）
Ex. 3 (P4)
1. Here are the farmers. They discovered the underground city last month.
Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last month.
Attributive Clause
2. Hangzhou is a famous city in China. Many people come to buy tea in that city.
Hangzhou is a famous city in China in which/where many people come to buy tea.
3. She got so angry. I don’t know the reason.
I don’t know the reason why she got so angry.
4. The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it. You are talking to an old man.
The old man (who / whom / that ) you are talking to saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.
5. The woman remembered the day. She saw Nazis burying something near her home.
The woman remembered the day when she saw Nazis burying something near her home.
6. St Petersburg is a very beautiful city. It was once called Leningrad.
St Petersburg is a very beautiful city, which was once called Leningrad.
7. I remember the soldier. He told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.
I remember the soldier, who told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.
8. The soldiers moved the boxes to a mine. They wanted to hide them.
The soldiers moved the boxes to a mine, where they wanted to hide them.
9. Xi’an is one of the few cities with walls. Its walls remain as good as before.
Xi’an is one of the few cities in which/where walls remain as good as before.
10. Shanxi Province is a place with many cultural relics. Its cultural relics are well looked after.
Shanxi Province is a place where cultural relics are well looked after.
(1) What surprised me was not what he said but the way _______________ he said it.
(2) We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006 山东）
(that / in which)
where
Practice
(3) ___ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
(4) This is the very house _____ he lived.
(5) Next winter, _____ you will spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday.
(6) That’s the reason ____ he was late.
As
where
which
why
(7) The pictures brought the days back to the old _____ they swam in the river.
(8) Robert and his songs ____ were famous in the U. S. are also popular in China.
(9) They are always smoking, _____ of course, will do harm to their health.
(10) The situation _____ you use the words is very clear in fact.
when
that
which
where
The reason why he explained at the meeting surprised us.

2. I can remember the days when we spent together.
why—(that)
when—(that / which)
Correct the mistakes
3. The way in which you talked about is very important for us.

4. Put the book in which you can it easily.
in which—(which / that)
in which—where
1 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____, of course, made the others envy (嫉妒) him.
A. who B. that
C. what D. which
高考链接
2 There were dirty marks on her trousers _______ she had wiped her hands.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
3 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad.
A. of which
B. which of
C. of them
D. of that
4 The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which
B. at which
C. in which
D. on which
5 I have many friends, some _______ are businessmen.
A. why 　
B. from which
C. who of 　
D. of whom
6 If a shop has chairs _______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
7 Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped.
A. when
B. which
C. what
D. that
8 Jim passed the driving test, _______ surprised everybody in the office.

A. which
B. that
C. this
D. it
9 It is reported that two schools, _____ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
A. they both
B. which both
C. both of them
D. both of which
10 By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. that
Homework
Finish off the workbook exercises. Do the exercises in Using Structures in your exercise book.
Preview the next part Using language.
Thank you!