Unit 2
I think that mooncakes are delicious
Section A
Grammar Focus
Object clauses with
that, if and whether
I think that they’re fun to watch.
Mary thinks that the teams were fantastic.
Bill wonders whether they’ll have the sweet rice dumplings again next year.
I wonder if it’s similar to the water festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.
Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts.
宾语从句：
概念：在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句由“关联词+主语+谓语”构成。
引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if, whether, what, who, where, why和how等。
Grammar
一、宾语从句的概念
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
We know Mr Green teaches English.
She asked if these answers were right.
二、宾语从句三要素
引导词（连接词）
语 序
时 态
1. I hear (that) _______________________.
2. He said (that) ______________________.
3. The teacher told us (that) _______________ ________________.
he will be back in an hour
he missed us very much
the earth moves
由that引导的宾语从句
注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。
around the sun
Object clauses with that
连词that不能省略的几种情况
在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。
1. 从句的主语是that。如：
He says that that is a real king’s hat.
他说那是一个真的王冠。
2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如：
I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.
3. 主、从句之间有插入语时。如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.
卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。
4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：
She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son.
她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。
These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars.
Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars.
People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.
We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system.
The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.
Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.
Which of the following sentences has an object clause?
√
√
√
根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子
1. 我认为玛丽不回来了。
I don’t think Mary ______ ______.
2. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。
Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai.
3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。
I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing.
will
come
was
leaving
if / whether
Ⅰ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：
Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater.
米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。
The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain.
渔民想知道天是否会下雨。
Object clauses with if and whether
由if / whether引导的宾语从句
Ⅱ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：
Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me?
→Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?
其次要注意时态变化：
1. 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：
He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home.
他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。
2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：
Did the train leave? She didn’t know.
→She didn’t know if / whether the train had left.
Ⅲ. if和whether的区别
二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：
1. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
这是否对，我不能说。
2. 宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用whether，不能用if。如：
I don’t know whether or not he will come tomorrow.
我不知道他明天是否来。
3. 与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：
She can’t decide whether to go to America.
她不能决定是否去美国。
4. 从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
我担心是否伤了她的感情。
5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如：
Tom wants to know if he won’t come here tomorrow.
汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。
6. if意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如：
If Simon comes here tomorrow, I’ll call you.
假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。
1. I don't know if Mr. Wang ____on a field trip. If he ___ on a field trip tomorrow, please call me.
A. goes; will go B. will go; goes
C. will go; will go D. goes; goes
2. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it
B
B
3. They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term.
A. would teach B. had taught
C. will teach D. taught
A
Choose the right answers.
5. I haven’t decide ____ I’ll go out or stay at home.
A. if B. when
C. why D. whether
6. I want to know ______ he loves you.
A. that B. what C. if D. who
D
C
4. The boy asked ______ any noise from outside.
A. whether had I heard
B. whether I had heard
C. whether have I heard
D. whether I have heard
B
A
C
7. I wondered ____ our teacher was going to attend our party.
A. whether B. why
C. where D. that

8. I’d like to know _____ or not.
A. whether will he come
B. whether has he come
C. whether he will come
D. if he will come
二、宾语从句三要素：一连词, 二语序, 三时态。1) 从句为陈述句时用that连接(常省略), 从句语序不变;
主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态。
主句为过去时态, 从句用相应的过去时态      I think (that) she is a clever girl.      We all know (that) they reached Shanghai yesterday.
2）从句为一般疑问句时，连接词用whether 或 if,
从句改为陈述句语序; 主句为一般现在时,
从句可为任何时态。主句为过去时态,
从句用相应的过去时态       Can you tell me whether/if you can mend the bike?       I don't know whether/if they lived in Paris last year.       I want to know whether/if she will lend you the money.
改为含宾语从句的复合句
1. Will the train arrive on time? I want to know.
I want to know _______ the train ______ on time.
2. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
will arrive
if / whether
came
if / whether
Complete the sentences.
1. 我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。
We are wondering ____________________
______________ on Mars.
2. 你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？
Could you tell me _______________________________________ to Mars?
whether / if we can
if / whether many people
are going to move
grow plants
3. 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。
I don't know _________________________ any washing at home.
4. 我担心是否伤害了她的感情。
I am worried about ___________________________.
whether or not he does
whether I hurt her
feelings
1. Uncle Wang came up to see __________ there was anything wrong with the machine.
2. The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.
if / whether
whether
3. I don’t know __________ to go or stay.
4. ________ that is true, what should we do?
whether
If
5. ________ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.
Whether
Complete the sentences with if / whether.
( )1. — I wonder ___________.
— I'm afraid we'll be late. (2011山东青岛)
A. how we can be on time
B. what we are going to do
C. why we get to school late
D. if we will arrive at the meeting on time
中考链接
D
( )2. We’ll plant trees tomorrow, and I don’t know_____ Tom will come and join us. (2011天津)
A. if B. which
C. what D. where
A
( )3. —Do you know _______ tomorrow?
—Sorry, I don't know. You may surf the Internet. (2011湖南湘潭)
A. whether will it rain B. if it will rain C. whether does it rain
B
( )4.—Mum, can we go to the art museum tomorrow?
—Sure. But first we should find out ________. (2011广西南宁市)
A. what can we do B. where we can go
C. how can we go there D. if it will be open
D
( )5. We don’t know _______ the meeting will be held soon. (2011内蒙古包头)
A. when B. what  C. whether D. since
C
( )5. —Mary, could you tell me if your mother ____ our school sports meeting tomorrow?　　
—I think she will come to school if she _____ free.(2011山东滨州)　
A. will take part in; will be
B. takes part in; is
C. will take part in; is
D. takes part in; will be
C
( )6. Do you know ______ Guangzhou tomorrow? (2011肇庆)
A. whether they leave for B. whether will they leave for
C. whether they are leaving for
C
( )7. I've decided to go to London next weekend. I was wondering ________ you could go with me. (2011江西省)
A. if B. when C. that D. where
A
( )8.—Do you think _____ Xiao Ming can pass the high school entrance exam or not?
—Sorry, I’ve no idea. (2011广西百色)
A. that B. which  C. if D. whether
D
( )9. He said that light ______much faster than sound. (2011山东枣庄)
A. has travelled B. went  C. travels D. travelled
C
( ) 10. Over these years I have had a new understanding of ____ people traditionally call a perfect person. (2012江苏淮安)
A. how B. what C. who D. whom
A
( ) 11. Can you tell me in the future? (2012江苏宿迁)
A. how life will be like
B. how will life be like
C. what life will be like
D. what will life be like
C
( ) 12.—Do you know _____?
—At the end of July. (2012江苏连云港)
A. how soon is your sister running back home
B. how often Nancy from her pen friend
C. when the London Olympic Games will be held
D. when will the new computer game come out
C
( ) 13. ---Peter, is there anything else you want to know about China?
---Yes, I am still wondering _____. (2012江苏南京)
A. how is Chinese paper cut made
B. how was the Great Wall built in ancient times
C. why the Chinese people like to play the dragon dance
D. why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival
C
( ) 14. We haven’t discussed yet ______. (2012江苏苏州)
A. where we are going to put our new table
B. where are we going to put our new table
C. what we are going to put our new table
D. what are we going to put our new table
A
( ) 15. I wonder ______. (2012江苏镇江)
A. if Dr Ma still works on the ORBIS plane
B. how much does the tallest man in the world weigh
C. when Audrey Hepburn had entered the film industry
D. that Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon
A
( ) 16. They wonder ________ robots will make humans lose their jobs or not. (2013漳州)
A. that B. if C. whether
( ) 17. Our physics teacher told us light _______ faster than sound. (2013 黔东南)
A. travels B. traveled
C. traveling D. to travel
C
A
Exclamatory statements
感叹句
Grammar
What a great day!
How fantastic the dragon boat teams
were!
3. How pretty the dragon boats are!
4. How delicious the food is in Hong Kong!
由“what”引导的感叹句：修饰名词（被强调部分），
单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词
前不用冠词。句子的结构是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语. 由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：
1.“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！
What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！
2. “ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！
What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！
3：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！
What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！
由“how”引导的感叹句：“how”意为“多么”，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，句子的结构是： How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语. 1. How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！
2. “ How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。 How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！
3. “ How ＋主语＋谓语！”。
How time flies! 光阴似箭！
由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。
How beautiful a girl she is! ＝ What a beautiful girl she is!
What delicious cakes these are!
＝ How delicious these cakes are!
在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用“what”引导，
也可用“how”引导。如：
① What a hot day it is!
How hot the day is !  多么热的天气呀！ ② What tall buildings they are!
How tall the buildings are!  多么高的楼房呀！ ③ What bad weather it is!
How bad the weather is!　　
多么糟糕的天气呀！ ④ What bright sunshine it is!  How bright the sunshine is!
多么明亮的阳光呀！
感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用
省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。
如：① What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！
 ② What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！
 ③ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！
 ④ How cool! 好凉快呀！ 
⑤ How wonderful! 精彩极了！
Many foreigners like Chinese food very much. They said, “ How delicious the Beijing Duck is!”
2. What a beautiful girl! Look! How long her hair is!
How
What
How
Fill in the blanks with What, What a / an or How to form an exclamation.
3. Look! What’s that in the bushes?
Oh, it’s a dangerous snake. How dangerous it is!
How
填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。
1).______ difficult homework we had yesterday! 
2).________cute dog it is!
3).________ interesting the story is!
4).________ bad the weather in England is!
5).________ honest boy Tom is ！
6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off!
7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday!
8).________ exciting news you've brought us!
9).________cool your new car is!
10).________ scary these tigers are!
How
How
How
How
What
What a
What an
What
What a
What
What 与How 大转换
1. What a pretty girl she is!
_______ _______ the girl is!
2. How difficult the questions are!
_________ ________ ________ they are.
3. How big the factory is!
_______ _______ big factory _____ ____!
How pretty
What difficult questions
What a
it is
4.What a clever boy!
_______ _______ the boy _______!
5. How tall the trees are!
_______ tall trees ______ ______!
6. What interesting books they are!
________ _______ the books ________!
7. How funny the girl is!
________ _______ funny girl ____ _____!
How clever
are
What a
she is
How interesting
What
they are
is
8. How old the man is!
______ _______ old man ______ _____!
9. What nice books they are!
_____ ______ the books ________!
10. How amazing the building is!
_____ _____ amazing building ____ ____!
What an
he is
How nice
are
What an
it is
所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：
The boy swam very fast.（同义句）
_______ _______ the boy swam!
2. The school trip is very exciting. （同义句）
_____ ______ the school trip is!
3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter.
_______ _______ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!
4. It is a very useful dictionary. （同义句）
_______ _______ _______ dictionary it is!
_______ _______ _______ dictionary is!
5. The students are listening very carefully.
________ ________ the students are listening!
How fast
How exciting
How beautiful
What a useful
How useful the
How carefully
How delicious the
mooncakes are!
What fun the festival will be fun!
How boring the concert is !
How excited I am !
What loud music
the band played !
将下列句子改为感叹句
The girl is very pretty.
How pretty the girl is!
What a pretty girl she is!
2. This is an old watch.
How old this watch is!
What an old watch it (this) is!
3. The food is so nice.
How nice the food is!
What nice food it is!
4. These questions are very easy.
How easy these questions are!
What easy questions these are!
5. She has long hair.
How long her hair is!
What long hair she has!
【2012江苏淮安】_____ nice the ice cream looks! I can’t wait to taste it.
A. How a B. How
C. What a D. What
B
【2012福建福州】 — Steve, did you see the lantern show when you were in Fuzhou?
— Of course! ___________ beautiful lanterns!
A. What B. How C. What a
A
【2012江苏扬州】— It’s said that a foreign English teacher will teach us English next term.
— Wow! ______! We can practice our oral English better.
A. What an excited news
B. How excited the news is
C. What exciting news
D. How exciting news
C
(2009·兰州中考) --- Dad, do you like my picture?
--- _________! It’s the nicest one I’ve ever seen!
　　A. What beautiful
B. How careful
C. How wonderful
D. What wonderful picture
C
(2013黑龙江大庆) ______ fine weather today! Why not go out for a walk?
A. What a B. What
C. How D. How a
(2013山东淄博) —How do you like the program The Voice of China?
— ________ amazing program it is! Many people like to watch it.
A. What B. How an
C. What an D. How
B
C
(2013湖南长沙) ______ clever the boy is!
A. How B. What C. What a
(2013河北) ______ great picture! Who painted it?
A. How B. What
C. How a D. What a
A
D
How exciting the races are!
I believe the Water Festival is the most fun.
I wonder if the mooncakes are delicious.
I don’t know whether he will come home for the festival.
What an interesting city!