Unit 13
We are trying to save the earth.
Section A Grammar Focus
Grammar Focus
Joe: _____ you ever _____ (take) part in an
environmental project?
Ken: Yes, I have. I ______ (help) with a Clean-
Up Day last year. It was________(consider)
the biggest clean-up project this city
____ever ________(have).
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4a
Have taken
helped
considered
had
had
Joe: How many people ______ (take) part?
Ken: I _____ (think) more than 1,000 people
_____(come) to help out.
Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city
is _____ (try) to improve the environment.
Ken: Yes, we can't affort to _____ (wait) any
longer to take action!
took
think
came
trying
wait
1) 时态：
现在进行时：什么时候使用？
结构是什么？
标志性词语有哪些？
现在分词的构成规则？
现在完成时：什么时候用？
结构是什么？
标志性词汇有哪些？
过去分词的构成规则？
现在进行时
（1）含义：①表示现在正在进行的动作。
②表示现阶段一直进行的动作。

（2）基本结构：
am/ is/are + 现在分词
（3）标志词：now, right now, Look, Listen
at present, this week, these days
（4）现在分词的构成：
①一般情况下在动词词尾加-ing。如：go--going。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e加-ing。如：
have--having。
③以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字
母，再加-ing。如：stop--stopping。
现在完成时
（1）含义：
①表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成的影响。
②表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。
（2）基本结构：have / has + 过去分词
（3）标志词：already, yet, ever, never, once,
twice, recently, so far,
for+时间段, since+时间点/从句，
in the past + 时间名词，
in the last +时间名词。
（4）过去分词的构成：
①一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed。如：work--worked。
②以e结尾的动词后只加-d。如：close--closed。
③以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed。如：study--studied。
④以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop--stopped。
⑤不规则动词的过去分词：AAA型；AAB型；ABA型；ABB型；ABC型。
2) 语态：
被动语态：与主动语态区别？
构成是什么？
一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和情态动词的被动语态的结构分别是什么？
3) 情态动词：有无人称和数的变化？
后接动词的什么形式？
情态动词有哪些？各表示什么意思？
4) used to 表示什么意思？后接什么？否定句和一般疑问句的形式是什么？
used to 和 be used to 的区别是什么？
被动语态
初中阶段我们学习了8种被动结构，归纳如下：
（1）一般现在时的被动式：am / is / are + 过去分词
（2）现在完成时的被动式：
have / has + been + 过去分词
（3）现在进行时的被动式：
am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词
（4）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词
（5）过去进行时的被动式：
was / were + being + 过去分词
（6）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词
（7）一般将来时的被动式：
will / be going to be+ 过去分词
（8）含有情态动词的被动式：
情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。
can/could能够； may/might可能、可以；
would愿意、将要； shall将（第一人称）；
should应该； must必须
need需要； have to 不得不；

情态动词还可以表示推测：
肯定推测， 不定推测， 否定推测
情态动词练习
1.-- ____ you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the phone number.
-- Sure. Here it is.
A.Can B.Need C.Might D.Must
2. -- May I go to the cinema, Mum?
-- Certainly, but you ___ be back by 11 o'clock.
A.can B.may C.must D. need
3. you ___ worry about me. It's nothing serious.
A.can't B.mustn't C. needn't D. won't
4. -- Excause me. Is this the right way to the
Summer Palace?
-- Sorry, I'm not sure. but it ____ be.
A.might B.mustn't
C.can't D.must
5. The man in the office ____ be Mr.Black, because he went home just now.
A.musn't B.may not
C.can't D.needn't
use to 练习
A 她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。
She _______________ with friends on weekds.
B 他习惯于每晚睡得很晚。
He ____________________________ at night.
C. Ken used to be afraid of dogs.(改为一般疑问句)
______________________________?
used to hang out
is used to sleeping late/ staying up
Did Ken use to be afraid of dogs
used to 结构
used to意为“过去常常做某事”，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。used to是个情态动词，其中的to是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。
在美式英语中：
它的疑问式是：Did ＋主语＋use to do sth．
否定式是：主语＋didn't use．
I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The old man used _____ (be) a teacher.
2. We should _____ (clean) the room every day.
3. Look! Tom _________ (sleep) in his room.
4. Lots of trees __________ (plant) on the hill every year.
5. He _________ (live) here for 20 years.
to be
clean
is sleeping
are planted
has lived
用括号里所给动词的正确形式填空
1. The girl ___________(dance) in the classroom.
2. It's 5 o'clock now. Mike _________ (have)dinner.
3. --_____ you ever ____ (be) to the US?
-- Yes, twice.
4. -- May I speak to John?
-- Sorry, he __________(go) to New York. he will be back in two days.
5. --Did you go to Jack's birthday?
-- No,I ______________(not invite).
is dancing
is having
Have been
has gone
was not invited
5. --Do you know Mr.White well?
-- Yes. He __________(work) for the WWF for two years.
6. I __________ (live) here since 1990.
7. -- Do you often clean your classroom?
-- Yes. Our classroom __________(clean) every day.
9.-- What's this?
--It's a CD. This CD _________(use) for learning English.
10. Anew highway in my hometown ___________ (bulid) next month.
has worked

have lived

is cleaned
is used
will be built
1. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _____ yet.
A. didn’t arrive B. doesn’t arrive
C. isn’t arriving D. hasn’t arrived
2. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ___ as “People’s Writer”.
  A. is regarded   B. has regarded   
C. is regarding   D. regards
Choose the best answer.
3. —Where is Tom?
—He ______ in his room.
A. is reading B. reads
C. read D. was reading
4. —May I go out now, Dad?
— No. You _____ let your mother know first.
A. can B. may C. need D. must
5. Her son _______ Coke, but now he ________ milk.
A. used to drink ; is used to drinking
B. used to drinking ; drinks
C. is used to drinking ; used to drink
D. is used to drink ; is drinking
1. (2013江苏淮安) It's getting dark. Please ________ the light.
A. turn on B. turn off
C. turn down D. turn around
2. (2013湖北随州)–How does Jack usually go to work?
—He ______ drive a car, but now he ______ there to lose weight.
A. used to; is used to walk
B. was used to; is used to walking
C. was used to; is used to walk
D. used to; is used to walking
感悟中考
3. (2013山东枣庄) In the last ten month, September Miracle(奇迹)____on CCTV for more than five times and is popular all over the country.
A. has played the piano
B. has given out their song disks
C .has written songs
D. has performed
4. (2013广东) Not only my friends but also I _______ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
5. (2013湖北宜昌)—At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
—More chances _______ to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. are offered
C. have offered D. are offering
感悟中考
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.
People _____ think that big things _____ be done. However, many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you _____ save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _____ also use paper or reusable bags instead of plastic bags.
4b
may
should
could
would
Homework
1.write an article to show in what way
we students can protect the environment.