Unit 13
We are trying to save the earth.
Grammar Focus-4c
听说
一整只鲨鱼
每次
一碗鱼翅羹
切掉
扔回
不仅......而且.......
对环境有害
没有鱼鳍
不再
慢慢死去
在海洋生态系统食物链的顶端
给所有的海洋生物带来危险
濒临灭绝
hear of
a whole shark
each time
a bowl of shark fin soup
cut off
throw back into
not only... but also...
be harmful to
without fin
no longer
slowly die
at the top of the food chain in the ocean's ecosystem
bring danger to all ocean life
be endangered
事实上
被捕杀和交易
......的数量
某些品种
在过去的20到30年
环境保护组织
比如
立法
......的销售
到目前为止
帮助拯救鲨鱼。
in fact
be caught and traded
the number(s) of
some kinds of
in the last 20 to 30 years
environmental protection groups
such as
develop laws
the sale of
so far
Help save the sharks!
重点单词
1. afford v. 承担得起；
2. recycle v. 回收利用；
3. reusable adj. 可重复使用的；
4. transportation n. 运输业；
重点词组
1. take part in 参加
2. can’t afford to do sth 负担不起做某事
3. take action 采取行动
4. turn off 关掉
5. pay for付费
6. add up累加
7. use public transportation
根据汉语提示完成单词。
1. The shoes are so expensive that I can’t afford (买得起）them.
2. We should use reusable (可重复使用的）chopsticks when we eat outside.
3. What do you think of the transportation(交通）in China?
4. The Spring Festival is considered(认为是）the most important festival in China.

5. We can save electricity(电）by turning off the lights when we leave a room.
Pay attention to the sentences.
1. We’re trying to save the earth.
2. The river used to be so clean.
3. The air is badly polluted.
4. No scientific studies have shown
that shark fins are good for health.
5. We should help save the sharks.
Present progressive
used to
Passive voice
Present perfect
Grammar Focus
Modal verbs
Grammar Focus
现在进行时
（1）含义：①表示现在正在进行的动作。
②表示现阶段一直进行的动作。

（2）基本结构：
am/ is/are + 现在分词
（3）标志词：now, right now, Look, Listen
at present, this week, these days
（4）现在分词的构成：
①一般情况下在动词词尾加-ing。如：go--going。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e加-ing。如：
have--having。
③以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字
母，再加-ing。如：stop--stopping。
What a fine day today!
Look! What are they doing?
Exercise
现在完成时
（1）含义：
①表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成的影响。
②表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。
（2）基本结构：have / has + 过去分词
（3）标志词：already, yet, ever, never, once,
twice, recently, so far,
for+时间段, since+时间点/从句，
in the past + 时间名词，
in the last +时间名词。
（4）过去分词的构成：
①一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed。如：work--worked。
②以e结尾的动词后只加-d。如：close--closed。
③以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed。如：study--studied。
④以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop--stopped。
⑤不规则动词的过去分词：AAA型；AAB型；ABA型；ABB型；ABC型。
Complete the following sentences.
I _________ (be) in Beijing for two years.
2. I _____ never _____ (hear) of that
man before.
3. Tom __________ (work) there since
two years ago.
have been
have
heard
has worked
Exercise
4. The twins ___________ (wash) the clothes for an hour.
5. He _________ (play) basketball since three years ago.
6. How long ____ Sally _____ (sing) yet?
have washed
has played
has
sung
被动语态：Passive voice
定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行
为动作的对象的一种语态。
结构：be + 过去分词
e.g. A new school was built last year.
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
被动语态
初中阶段我们学习了8种被动结构，归纳如下：
（1）一般现在时的被动式：am / is / are + 过去分词
（2）现在完成时的被动式：
have / has + been + 过去分词
（3）现在进行时的被动式：
am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词
（4）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词
（5）过去进行时的被动式：
was / were + being + 过去分词
（6）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词
（7）一般将来时的被动式：
will / be going to be+ 过去分词
（8）含有情态动词的被动式：
情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。
1. 情态动词本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气, 但不能单独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有: can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。
情态动词
2. 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
e.g. Ken can climb up the tress like a koala.
Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
You mustn’t play with fire. It is
dangerous.
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。
can/could能够； may/might可能、可以；
would愿意、将要； shall将（第一人称）；
should应该； must必须
need需要； have to 不得不；

情态动词还可以表示推测：
肯定推测， 不定推测， 否定推测
情态动词练习
1.-- ____ you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the phone number.
-- Sure. Here it is.
A.Can B.Need C.Might D.Must
2. -- May I go to the cinema, Mum?
-- Certainly, but you ___ be back by 11 o'clock.
A.can B.may C.must D. need
3. you ___ worry about me. It's nothing serious.
A.can't B.mustn't C. needn't D. won't
4. -- Excause me. Is this the right way to the
Summer Palace?
-- Sorry, I'm not sure. but it ____ be.
A.might B.mustn't
C.can't D.must
5. The man in the office ____ be Mr.Black, because he went home just now.
A.musn't B.may not
C.can't D.needn't
used to 结构
used to意为“过去常常做某事”，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。used to是个情态动词，其中的to是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。
在美式英语中：
它的疑问式是：Did ＋主语＋use to do sth．
否定式是：主语＋didn't use．
used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事, 而现 在往往不做了, 后接动词原形。
be used to doing sth. 表示习惯于做某事
e.g. I used to get up at six o’clock.
Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every morning.
used to do与be used to doing
use to 练习
A 她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。
She _______________ with friends on weekds.
B 他习惯于每晚睡得很晚。
He ____________________________ at night.
C. Ken used to be afraid of dogs.(改为一般疑问句)
______________________________?
used to hang out
is used to sleeping late/ staying up
Did Ken use to be afraid of dogs
4a
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Joe: _____ you ever ______ (take) part in an environmental project ?
Eric: Yes, I have. I ______ (help) with a
Clean-Up Day last year. It was
__________ (consider) the biggest
clean-up project this city ____ ever
____ (have).
Have
taken
helped
considered
had
had
参加
辨析：join, join in 和take part in
to
Joe: How many people ____ (take) part?
Eric: I _____ (think) more than 1,000
people ______ (come) to help out.
Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in
this city is ______ (try) to improve
the environment.
Eric: Yes, we can’t afford to ____ (wait)
any longer to take action!
took
think
came
trying
wait
v. 承担得起(后果); 买得起
4b
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate
modal verbs from the box.
People __________ think that big things
______ be done to save the earth. Many
forget that saving the earth begins with
small things. For example, you ____ save
may/might
must
can
can would could
have to should must
may/ might
electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You ______ also use
reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that you now ______ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you __________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you __________ take the bus. All these
could
have to
can/should
can/could
关掉
adj.可重复使用的
付费;付出代价
small things ______ add up and become big things that _________ improve the environment. Let’s take action now!
could
would/can
采取行动
4c
Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
use public transportation (n.交通运输);
turn off the lights when you leave a room;
use reusable bags instead of plastic bags;
ride your bike or walk to school or work;
stop using paper napkins(餐巾纸);
recycle books and paper
…
Discussing...
4c
重点句式
1.It was considered the biggest clean-up project this city had ever had.
这被认为是这个城市曾经开展的一次最大幅度的清理活动。
2.We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action! 我们不能再等待更长的时间来采取行动！
3.Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things.
许多人忘记了拯救地球要从小事做起。
4. And instead of driving to school or work, you could ride your bike or walk.
你可以骑自行车或步行上学或上班，而不是开车。
I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The old man used _____ (be) a teacher.
2. We should _____ (clean) the room every day.
3. Look! Tom _________ (sleep) in his room.
4. Lots of trees __________ (plant) on the hill every year.
5. He _________ (live) here for 20 years.
to be
clean
is sleeping
are planted
has lived
1. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _____ yet.
A. didn’t arrive B. doesn’t arrive
C. isn’t arriving D. hasn’t arrived
2. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ___ as “People’s Writer”.
  A. is regarded 认为  B. has regarded   
C. is regarding   D. regards
Choose the best answer.
3. —Where is Tom?
—He ______ in his room.
A. is reading B. reads
C. read D. was reading
4. —May I go out now, Dad?
— No. You _____ let your mother know first.
A. can B. may C. need D. must
5. Her son _______ Coke, but now he ________ milk.
A. used to drink ; is used to drinking
B. used to drinking ; drinks
C. is used to drinking ; used to drink
D. is used to drink ; is drinking
34. (2013广东) Not only my friends but also I _______ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
Homework
1.write an article to show in what way
we students can protect the environment.