Unit 13

We are trying to save the earth.
Pay attention to the sentences.
1. We’re trying to save the earth.
2. The river used to be so clean.
3. The air is badly polluted.
4. No scientific studies have shown
that shark fins are good for health.
5. We should help save the sharks.
Present progressive
used to
Passive voice
Present perfect
Grammar Focus
Modal verbs
Grammar Focus
1) 时态：
现在进行时：什么时候使用？
结构是什么？
标志性词语有哪些？
现在分词的构成规则？
现在完成时：什么时候用？
结构是什么？
标志性词汇有哪些？
过去分词的构成规则？
2) 语态：
被动语态：与主动语态区别？
构成是什么？
一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和情态动词的被动语态的结构分别是什么？
3) 情态动词：有无人称和数的变化？
后接动词的什么形式？
情态动词有哪些？各表示什么意思？
4) used to 表示什么意思？后接什么？否定句和一般疑问句的形式是什么？
used to 和 be used to 的区别是什么？
现在进行时
（1）含义：①表示现在正在进行的动作。
②表示现阶段一直进行的动作。

（2）基本结构：
am/ is/are + 现在分词
（3）标志词：now, right now, Look, Listen
at present, this week, these days
（4）现在分词的构成：
①一般情况下在动词词尾加-ing。如：go--going。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e加-ing。如：
have--having。
③以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字
母，再加-ing。如：stop--stopping。
What a fine day today!
Look! What are they doing?
Exercise
现在完成时
（1）含义：
①表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成的影响。
②表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。
（2）基本结构：have / has + 过去分词
（3）标志词：already, yet, ever, never, once,
twice, recently, so far,
for+时间段, since+时间点/从句，
in the past + 时间名词，
in the last +时间名词。
（4）过去分词的构成：
①一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed。如：work--worked。
②以e结尾的动词后只加-d。如：close--closed。
③以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed。如：study--studied。
④以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop--stopped。
⑤不规则动词的过去分词：AAA型；AAB型；ABA型；ABB型；ABC型。
Complete the following sentences.
I _________ (be) in Beijing for two years.
2. I _____ never _____ (hear) of that
man before.
3. Tom __________ (work) there since
two years ago.
have been
have
heard
has worked
Exercise
4. The twins ___________ (wash) the clothes for an hour.
5. He _________ (play) basketball since three years ago.
6. How long ____ Sally _____ (sing) yet?
have washed
has played
has
sung
被动语态：Passive voice
定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行
为动作的对象的一种语态。
结构：be + 过去分词
e.g. A new school was built last year.
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
被动语态
初中阶段我们学习了8种被动结构，归纳如下：
（1）一般现在时的被动式：am / is / are + 过去分词
（2）现在完成时的被动式：
have / has + been + 过去分词
（3）现在进行时的被动式：
am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词
（4）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词
（5）过去进行时的被动式：
was / were + being + 过去分词
（6）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词
（7）一般将来时的被动式：
will / be going to be+ 过去分词
（8）含有情态动词的被动式：
情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。
Translate the sentences by using Passive voice.
1. 刚才一些老年人参观了博物馆。
2. 工人们使用不同种类的机器工作。
The museum was visited by some old people just now.
Different kinds of machines are used to work by the workers.
Exercise
1. 情态动词本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气, 但不能单独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有: can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。
情态动词
2. 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
e.g. Ken can climb up the tress like a koala.
Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
You mustn’t play with fire. It is
dangerous.
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。
can/could能够； may/might可能、可以；
would愿意、将要； shall将（第一人称）；
should应该； must必须
need需要； have to 不得不；

情态动词还可以表示推测：
肯定推测， 不定推测， 否定推测
情态动词练习
1.-- ____ you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the phone number.
-- Sure. Here it is.
A.Can B.Need C.Might D.Must
2. -- May I go to the cinema, Mum?
-- Certainly, but you ___ be back by 11 o'clock.
A.can B.may C.must D. need
3. you ___ worry about me. It's nothing serious.
A.can't B.mustn't C. needn't D. won't
4. -- Excause me. Is this the right way to the
Summer Palace?
-- Sorry, I'm not sure. but it ____ be.
A.might B.mustn't
C.can't D.must
5. The man in the office ____ be Mr.Black, because he went home just now.
A.musn't B.may not
C.can't D.needn't
used to 结构
used to意为“过去常常做某事”，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。used to是个情态动词，其中的to是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。
在美式英语中：
它的疑问式是：Did ＋主语＋use to do sth．
否定式是：主语＋didn't use．
used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事, 而现 在往往不做了, 后接动词原形。
be used to doing sth. 表示习惯于做某事
e.g. I used to get up at six o’clock.
Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every morning.
used to do与be used to doing
use to 练习
A 她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。
She _______________ with friends on weekds.
B 他习惯于每晚睡得很晚。
He ____________________________ at night.
C. Ken used to be afraid of dogs.(改为一般疑问句)
______________________________?
used to hang out
is used to sleeping late/ staying up
Did Ken use to be afraid of dogs
4a
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Joe: _____ you ever ______ (take) part in an environmental project ?
Eric: Yes, I have. I ______ (help) with a
Clean-Up Day last year. It was
__________ (consider) the biggest
clean-up project this city ____ ever
____ (have).
Have
taken
helped
considered
had
had
参加
辨析：join, join in 和take part in
to
Joe: How many people ____ (take) part?
Eric: I _____ (think) more than 1,000
people ______ (come) to help out.
Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in
this city is ______ (try) to improve
the environment.
Eric: Yes, we can’t afford to ____ (wait)
any longer to take action!
took
think
came
trying
wait
v. 承担得起(后果); 买得起
4b
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate
modal verbs from the box.
People __________ think that big things
______ be done to save the earth. Many
forget that saving the earth begins with
small things. For example, you ____ save
may/might
must
can
can would could
have to should must
may/ might
electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You ______ also use
reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that you now ______ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you __________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you __________ take the bus. All these
could
have to
can/should
can/could
关掉
adj.可重复使用的
付费;付出代价
small things ______ add up and become big things that _________ improve the environment. Let’s take action now!
could
would/can
采取行动
4c
Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
use public transportation (n.交通运输);
turn off the lights when you leave a room;
use reusable bags instead of plastic bags;
ride your bike or walk to school or work;
stop using paper napkins(餐巾纸);
recycle books and paper
…
Discussing...
4c
I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The old man used _____ (be) a teacher.
2. We should _____ (clean) the room every day.
3. Look! Tom _________ (sleep) in his room.
4. Lots of trees __________ (plant) on the hill every year.
5. He _________ (live) here for 20 years.
to be
clean
is sleeping
are planted
has lived
用括号里所给动词的正确形式填空
1. The girl ___________(dance) in the classroom.
2. It's 5 o'clock now. Mike _________ (have)dinner.
3. --_____ you ever ____ (be) to the US?
-- Yes, twice.
4. -- May I speak to John?
-- Sorry, he __________(go) to New York. he will be back in two days.
5. --Did you go to Jack's birthday?
-- No,I ______________(not invite).
is dancing
is having
Have been
has gone
was not invited
5. --Do you know Mr.White well?
-- Yes. He __________(work) for the WWF for two years.
6. I __________ (live) here since 1990.
7. -- Do you often clean your classroom?
-- Yes. Our classroom __________(clean) every day.
9.-- What's this?
--It's a CD. This CD _________(use) for learning English.
10. Anew highway in my hometown ___________ (bulid) next month.
has worked

have lived

is cleaned
is used
will be built
1. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _____ yet.
A. didn’t arrive B. doesn’t arrive
C. isn’t arriving D. hasn’t arrived
2. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ___ as “People’s Writer”.
  A. is regarded   B. has regarded   
C. is regarding   D. regards
Choose the best answer.
3. —Where is Tom?
—He ______ in his room.
A. is reading B. reads
C. read D. was reading
4. —May I go out now, Dad?
— No. You _____ let your mother know first.
A. can B. may C. need D. must
5. Her son _______ Coke, but now he ________ milk.
A. used to drink ; is used to drinking
B. used to drinking ; drinks
C. is used to drinking ; used to drink
D. is used to drink ; is drinking
1. (2013江苏淮安) It's getting dark. Please ________ the light.
A. turn on B. turn off
C. turn down D. turn around
2. (2013湖北随州)–How does Jack usually go to work?
—He ______ drive a car, but now he ______ there to lose weight.
A. used to; is used to walk
B. was used to; is used to walking
C. was used to; is used to walk
D. used to; is used to walking
感悟中考
3. (2013山东枣庄) In the last ten month, September Miracle(奇迹)____on CCTV for more than five times and is popular all over the country.
A. has played the piano
B. has given out their song disks
C .has written songs
D. has performed
4. (2013广东) Not only my friends but also I _______ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
5. (2013湖北宜昌)—At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
—More chances _______ to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. are offered
C. have offered D. are offering
感悟中考
Homework
1.write an article to show in what way
we students can protect the environment.