Leaning about Language
Discovering useful words
and expressions
Consist vi.
consist of = be made up of 由…组成
Consist in 在于…,存在…之中
1）The UK consists of four countries.
The UK is made up of four countries.
2）Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
3）The band Beatles , which was very popular with the young people in the 1970s, consists of four talented men.
4）What does happiness consist in ?
The colorful design ______ sixty candles and a flag will appear on the People Square on October 1st.
A. consists of B. consisting of
C. to consist of D. consisted of
B
divide & separate
1) 请把这个班分成几个小组。
Please divide the class into several small groups.
2) 感染了非典的病人应该跟其他人隔离开来。
The patients infected with SARS should be separated from other people.
3)As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my friends.
A. separated B. divided C. lost D. puzzled
puzzle n/v puzzled a. puzzling a.
1) n. 难题,谜,迷惑,困惑
2) v. 使…迷惑/困惑
I am in a puzzle about the matter.
The question puzzled me.
I'm puzzled about what to do next.
be in a puzzle about sth
puzzle oneself (one’s brain) about sth
= puzzle over sth 苦苦思索，为…大伤脑筋
I am puzzling my brain about how to make my lesson lively and interesting.
(1) I am __________________about the matter.
(2) He listened with a ________ expression on his face.
A. puzzled B. being puzzled
C. puzzle D. puzzling
(3) I am puzzled _______ the question.
(4) The girl looked at me with a _______expression. Maybe the problem was quite _________.
A. puzzled; puzzling B. puzzling; puzzled C. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzling; puzzling
Practice : 用puzzle的适当形式填空
in a puzzle/puzzled
A
about/by
A
Clarify v. 使（某事物）清楚，澄清 clarification n.
to clarify a remark/statement/fact/the meaning of
I will clarify my position/stand at a proper time.
澄清立场
2) I hope that what I say will clarify the
misunderstanding.
3)The moment he listened to his father’s words,
his mind suddenly clarified.
Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well
refer to
When I said someone was stupid, I wasn’t referring to you
This incident in his childhood is never again referred to.
Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.
指的是
提及
参考
The two cities referred ____ London and Paris.
A. to is B. to are C. are
We have _______ all we set out to do.
A(an) ______dancer, cook, poet, scholar
The painting is quite a(an)________.
accomplish vt. finish and get a satisfying
result
accomplished adj. talented; skilled
accomplishment n.
accomplished
accomplished
accomplishment
break down/away/in/into/out/off
He _________ from all his old friends.
The car __________ after an hour’s driving.
Her health _________ under the pressure of work.
Please don’t ________ on our conversation.
Influenza usually __________in winter.
He __________ in the middle of a sentence.
broke away
broke down
broke down
break in
breaks out
broke off
However, the southern part of Ireland
was unwilling and broke away to form
its own government.
break v. (broke, broken)
break away 挣脱, 逃脱；脱离, 背叛
break down 抛锚, 出故障,身体垮了
break into 闯入, 突然发出
break out (战争、瘟疫、火灾) 爆发
break off 中断
break the rules 违反规则
break the records　打破记录
1) E-mail, as well as telephone, ______ an important part in daily communication.
is playing B. have played
C. are playing D. play
2) Miss Han, _____ Mrs. Howe, speaks good French. They often talk in French.
so well as B. as good as
C. as well as D. so good as
3) John plays football ______, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
6. To their credit the four countries do work...
credit n. 信任；赞扬；信贷 ;学分
Do not give credit to her story.
He bought the furniture on credit.
He earned enough credits for his degree
to one’s credit 值得赞扬
It is greatly/much to your credit that you gave back the money you found.
1) We bought this house for its convenience.
2) Please come at your convenience.

3)The newly-built office building is equipped with many modern conveniences.

4) Will the 3:50 train be convenient to you?
convenience n. convenient adj.
n.便利的设施/设备(可数)
n.方便/便利 (不可数)
for convenience 为了方便
at one’s convenience 在某人方便时
convenient 主语通常是物而不是人
be convenient to/for sb
(1) Come and see me whenever ____.
you are convenient
you will be convenient
it is convenient to you
D. it was be convenient to you
(2) Please come at your _____________.
convenience
attraction n. attract v. attractive adj
1) Do you know why Jay Zhou’s songs have such a great attraction for the young people?
2) The idea of going to the moon holds little attraction for me.
4）The film Twilight attracted a great number of young people
to go the cinema to see it.
3）scenic / tourist attraction(s) 旅游胜地
attraction of gravity 重力
invader n. 入侵者; 侵略者invade vt. 侵入; 侵略; 拥入 invasion n.
Hitler invaded Poland in 1939.　
希特勒1939年入侵波兰。
Doubts invade my mind.　　　　　　　
满腹狐疑。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Disease invaded the body.　　　　　　　
疾病侵袭身体。
We suffered __________ by Japanese in 1937.　
1937年我们遭到了日本的入侵。
invasion
worthwhile/worth /worthy adj
1) It is worthwhile to visit /visiting Hangzhou
which is a beautiful place.
2) Hangzhou is a beautiful place which is
worth visiting.
3) Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion.
Thank you for your worth suggestion.
worth: a. n./pron.(代词)/V-ing
只作表语不作定语
worthwhile a. to do sth./doing sth.
既可作表语又可作定语
1) The book is worth reading.
= It is worth/worthwhile reading the book.
2) Nursing is a very worthwhile job.
3) We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.
4) The exhibition is well worth a visit.
5)He thinks teaching foreign language is worthwhile.
worthwhile/worth
We have worked together in harmony for many years , and I find it ____ with them
A. worthy of working
B. useless to work
C. Worthy working
D. worthwhile working
8. Which country is left out?
leave out 省去，不考虑，遗漏
They must decide what to leave out.
She left out the date on the cheque.
leave for 出发去…
leave … behind 留下，遗留
leave ... alone 不管，不理，听其自然
leave to 留某事给 ... 处理，委托
Translate these sentences into Chinese.
1. You can easily clarify any problems if you study British history.
如果你学习了英国历史, 很容易就能弄清楚任何问题.
2.Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well .
令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。
3. However, the Southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.
4. Although the four countries do work together in some areas (for example, in international relations), they are still different.
尽管这四个国家在某些方面(如国际关系方面)是合作的, 但他们还是不同的
然而,爱尔兰的南部步愿意形成联合王国它分
离出去并建立了自己的政府。
5. However, these industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not have the historical attractions of other places.
然而, 这些在十九世纪建立起来的工业城市却没有其他地方所具有的历史魅力.
6. If you look around the British countryside, you will find evidence of all these invaders.
如果你在英国的乡村四处走走的话, 就会发现这些入侵者的痕迹.
7.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom worthwhile.
如果你想使你在英国的旅程有意义, 你必须睁大双眼.
Discovering useful structures
2) So to their surprise the three countries found themselves united peacefully…
3)… they were going to get Ireland connected to the other three…
1) Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
(过去分词作宾补)
(宾语)
have/get/find/keep/make...+ O. + P.P.
动宾关系(被动)
Past participles used as the object complement
什么是宾语补足语？
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有： make , consider, cause ,see , find , call ,get ,have, let ect.
Ex. We think him clever.
What he said made me angry.
We consider the answer correct.
Everyone calls him Tom.
(宾语)
(宾补)
宾语补足语的表现形式：
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：
某些及物动词（如make等）
+
直接宾语（名词或代词）
+
宾语补足语
宾语补足语的9种表示法：
His father named him Tom.
They painted their house white.
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
Nobody noticed him enter the room.

4. We saw her entering the room.
(名词)
(形容词)
（不定式）
（不定式短语）
(现在分词或其短语)
5.We must get the work finished by 10 o’clock.

6.We take English as a useful tool for research work.
7. Whenever you may go, you will find him at work.

8. Let the fresh air in.
9. The plant has its own name. You cannot call it what you will.
( 过去分词)
（介词短语）
（介词短语）
（副词）
(从句)
(2004全国卷） Helen had to shout ____ above the sound the music.
making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard.
2. (2004, 重庆卷) Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents__________.
A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
D
A
高考链接
3. (2000,全国卷)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see____ the next year.
carry out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out
4. (1996,全国卷)It is wise to have some money______ for old age.
put away B. kept up
C. given away D. laid up
C
A
用过去分词充当宾语补足语
1.过去分词作宾语补足语，表示其动作已经完成或结束。能用宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成的意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
Eg. After waking up, I found everyone gone.
The speaker raised her voice to make herself heard.
They found their new bikes stolen.
过去分词不仅可以作动词宾语的补足语，还可以作介词宾语的补足语：
Eg. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back,
With the homework finished, he was allowed to watch the football match.
过去分词用在表示状态的动词 find 等的后面。
2. 过去分词用在使役动词have, make, keep,leave 的后面。