Ⅱ.写出下列单词的变化形式
1.文化的(adj.)_____________；文化(n.) __________；多种文化的(adj.)_______________
2.州长(n.)_____________；掌管(v.) __________；政府(n.)________________
3.大陆(n.)_____________；大陆的(adj.) _____________
4.轻微的(adj.)_____________；轻微地(adv.) _____________
5.包围；围绕(v.)_____________；周围的(adj.) _____________；环境(n.)_________________
surroundings
cultural
culture
multicultural
governor
govern
government
continent
continental
slight
slightly
surround
surrounding
6.使……惊吓(v.)_____________；感到害怕的(adj.) _____________；令人惊吓的(adj.) _____________；恐怖(n.)_____________
7.定居(v.)_____________；定居者(n.) _____________
terrify
terrified
terrifying
terror
settle
settler
根据语境感悟其用法
(1) vi. 聊天、闲聊 ，常与 about/on连用。
After school, they will often get together to chat
about everything.
放学后，他们经常会聚在一起谈天说地。
Don't you think chatting on QQ in a chatting
room is rather boring?
你不觉得在QQ的聊天室里聊天很无聊吗？
①chat n. & v.
(2) n. 闲谈、聊天
I'd like to have a chat about old times with an
old friend of mine.
我想和我的一个老友叙叙旧。
①chat n. & v.
根据语境感悟其用法
活用 单项填空
(1)He isn't doing anything all the time, ______ with others.
A. talk B. chat C. talking D. chatting
解析 语义是：他整天与人瞎聊，无所事事。依据
语境语义以及在句中的作用表示伴随状语，所以
答案是D。
①chat n. & v.
D
(2) In order to help him realize his mistake, the teacher decide to have a long ______with him.
A. chat B. talk
C. speech D. report
解析　语义是：为了帮助他认识自己的错误，老
师决定跟他进行一次长谈。从语境语义表明是比
较慎重、正式。chat非正式；talk较正式；speech
演讲；report报告，所以答案是B。
①chat n. & v.
活用 单项填空
B
② surround v.
根据语境感悟词义
The small village is surrounded on all sides by
green mountains and clear rivers, attracting visitors
from every corner.
青山绿水环抱着村寨，吸引八方来客。
链接
surrounding adj. 周围的、附近的
surroundings n. 环境、 周围的事
短语
surround…with…　 周围都是……
be surrounded by/with 被……环抱
② surround v. (to see p77 no.1)
② surround v.
活用 用surround的适当形式填空
He likes to live in the ____________ which is quiet and beautiful. So last month he bought a new big house in a countryside, which is __________ by many big trees. The ___________ scenery is also very nice. He is very satisfied with the new house.
③measure v. &. n
根据语境猜词义
(1) They finished measuring that piece of land last week.
(2) Education shouldn't be measured purely by exam results.
(3) The main bedroom measures 12 meters by 15 meters.
(4) I'd like to ask the tailor to make clothes to my own measure.
(5) We should take firm and strong measures to keep fighting against pollution.
根据语义找匹配
A. 衡量 B. 测量　C. 有……(的)长(宽)
D. 尺寸 E. 措施
B
A
C
D
E
③measure v. &. N ( to see p77no.2)
短语
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做……
注意作为“量”概念的语境运用：
take one‘s temperature 　 量体温
weigh oneself 量体重
measure oneself 量身高
活用 单项填空
(1) All the measure we have ______ against the price rising have proved greatly successful.
A. put B. made C. taken D. acted
解析　语义是：我们所采取的阻止物价上升的所有的措施被证明为十分成功的。当我们的选项隐含在定语从句中的时候，我们要用代入还原法。本句代入后形成的是take measures against sth.的句式，所以答案是C。
③measure v. &. n
C
(2) Do you know the history of the bridge______ as long as 200 meters?
A. measured B. measuring
C. measures D. have
解析　考查非谓语动词的用法。语义是：你知道那座长达200米的桥的历史渊源吗？本句的非谓语动词是作定语的，和其先行词history是主动关系，所以答案是B。
③measure v. &. n
活用 单项填空
B
④ manage v.
根据语境猜词义
(1) He has managed to give up smoking because he knows smoking is harmful to his health.
(2) His shop is badly managed and soon it will be closed.
根据语义找匹配
A. 经营、管理、处理 　
B. 设法做到……
B
A
链接
management n. 管理、管理部门
manager n. 经理、经营者； 主教练
④ manage v.
辨析
manage/try/attempt
manage 意思是“设法做到”，强调结果。
try 意思是“努力做”，强调过程并且有成功的可能。
attempt 意思是“尝试做”，未必有成功的可能。
活用 单项填空
Teachers ______ to stop students from surfing the Internet, but it works slightly.
A. try B. manage
C. attempt D. intend
解析　考查动词词义辨析。语义是：老师们想努
力地去阻止学生们上网，但收效甚微。强调未实
现的努力，所以答案是A。
④ manage v.
A
⑤wealthy adj.
根据语境猜词义
(1) We should spare our effort to make our country strong and wealthy.
(2) Our school, wealthy in green grass and colourful flowers, is the best place to study in.
根据语义找匹配
丰富的　
B. 富有的；富裕的
B
A
链接
wealth n. 财富、财产
短语
the wealthy 有钱人、富人
a man of wealth 富豪
live in wealth 过着富有的生活
⑤wealthy adj.
活用 单词拼写
(1) The greatest ______ (财富)is being content with a little.
(2) The area is _______ (丰富) in natural resource, so it's worth developing.
wealthy
⑤wealthy adj.
wealth
⑥distance n.
根据语境猜词义
(1) Distance is no problem on the Internet.
(2) You will never get the ball in from that distance.
(3) People in our community never keep their distance between each other.
根据语义找匹配
A. 疏远　 B. 远处、远方 　C. 距离
C
B
A
链接
distant adj. 遥远的，久远的，远方的
短语
a distant view 远景
at a distance 稍远些；隔开点距离
in the distance 在远处；在远方
from a distance 从远处；从远方
⑥distance n. ( to see p77 no.4)
活用 单项填空
The faces of four famous American Presidents on
Mount Rushmore can be seen from a ______ of 60
miles.
A. length B. distance C. way D. space
解析　考查名词词义辨析问题。句意是：人们在60英里远的地方就能看到在Rushmore山上4个美国著名总统的脸部(塑像)。length长度；way方法；space空间，所以答案是B。
⑥distance n.
B
⑦ terrify vt. 使恐怖，使……害怕；恐吓
根据语境感悟其用法
When she remembers the scene at the time of the earthquake, she still feels terrified.
回忆起大地震时的场景，她到现在还心惊胆战。
链接
terror n. 恐怖，恐怖时期，恐怖行动
terrorist n. 恐怖分子
terrorism n. 恐怖主义
⑦ terrify vt. 使恐怖，使……害怕；恐吓(to see p78 no.5)
链接
terrific adj. 极大的，非常的，极端的
terrifying adj. 令人感到恐怖的
terrified adj. 恐惧的；受惊吓的
短语
be terrified of sb. (doing sth.)/ be terrified at sth. 　　　　　　对……感到惊恐
at a terrific speed 以极快的速度
⑦ terrify vt. 使恐怖，使……害怕；恐吓
terrify sb. into doing sth.
活用 用所给词的正确形式填空
(1)他害怕被狗袭击。
He is _______ (terrify) of being attacked by the dog.
(2)全球合作在抗击恐怖主义的斗争中是至关重要的。
Global cooperation is vital in the fight against ________ (terrify)．
(3)他简直疯狂，以极快的速度开车。
He is crazy to drive at a ________ (terrify) speed.
terrified
terrorism
terrific
⑧dawn n.
根据语境猜词义
(1) It's the time of year for the harvest, farmers are busy working in the field from dawn till dark.
(2) Graduation marks a new dawn in the history of one's life.
根据语义找匹配
A. 开端　
B. 黎明、拂晓
B
A
短语
at dawn 在拂晓时分
from dawn till dark 从早到晚
the dawn of victory 胜利的曙光
⑧dawn n.
并列连接词，表示“……而不是……”，连接句
子中相同的句子成分。
① 连接两个名词(作主、表或宾语)
I appreciate pop music rather than hip－hop.
我欣赏流行乐而不喜欢说唱乐。
② 连接两个动词不定式，rather than后的to常常
可以省略
I prefer to play football rather than stay at home
reading.
我愿意踢球而不喜欢待在家里看书。
①rather than (to see p78 no.7)
③ 连接两个动名词作宾语
I enjoy surfing the Internet in my spare time rather
than go hiking.
闲暇之余，我喜欢上网，而不喜欢远足。
④ 连接两个介词短语
We are doing this for our brotherly school rather
than for ourselves.
我们 做 的这一切是为了兄弟校而不是为了我们
自己。
①rather than
⑤ 连接两个谓语时，rather than 后一般接doing
Why didn't you ask for help, rather than trying to do
it on your own?
你干吗非得要自己干，而不请人帮忙呢？
注意：
rather than 连 接 两个主语时，谓语动词应该按
“承前一致原则”，即和第一个主语在人称和数上保
持一致。
He rather than I, I think, is to blame.
我认为是他而不是我该受到责备。
①rather than
辨析: rather than/other than/more than
rather than 表示对后者的否定，有“而不是……”
的语义。
Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, she sold
them at half price.
other than 表示对后者的排除，有“除了……”的
语义，相当于except。
I don't care about anything other than what I'm
willing to do.
more than 表示超出了这一概念范畴，有“不只
是……”。
In some places, bottled water costs more than a
glass of beer.
活用 单项填空
Most people would agree that nuclear science should
be developed to benefit the human beings_____ harm
them.
A. rather than B. other than
C. less than D. more than
①rather than
A
解析　语义是：大部分人赞成核科学的开发应当造福于人类而不是危害他们。rather than表示否定；other than表示排除；less than 表示少于；more than 表示超过，所以答案是A。
catch sight of意为：“突然看到……”；“一下
子就看到了……”，强调看到的动作的突然性。
He caught sight of his girlfriend in such crowded
people in the street.
在 街 道 上这么拥挤的人群里他一眼就看到了
他的女友。
②catch sight of
短语
at first sight 第一次看见
at the sight of 一看见……(就)
in sight of 在某人看来
lose one's sight 失明
lose sight of 消失……；忘了处理某事
in sight 看得见；在视野内
out of sight 看不见
sightseeing 观光；游览
②catch sight of ( to see p79 no.10)
活用 单项填空
At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her
daughter until the train was ______.
A. out of sight B. out of reach
C. out of order D. out of place
②catch sight of
A
解析　本题考查的是介词短语在语境中的运用。语义是：在火车站，母亲挥手向女儿告别，直到看不见火车为止。out of sight看不见； out of reach够不着；out of order坏了；out of place不在原处、不适当的，所以答案是A。
She has a gift for learning languages.
根据语境语义have a gift for的意思是___________。
答案 在……方面有天分；有天赋
③have a gift for
链接
gifted adj. 有才的； 才华横溢的
短语
have the gift of 天生擅长……
make a gift of sth. to sb. 赠予某人某物
a man with many gifts 多才多艺的人
③have a gift for ( to see p79 no.11)
①Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada
has more fresh water than any other country in the
world.(P34)
她们了解到由于五大湖，加拿大的淡水比世界
任何一个国家都要多。
上海比中国任何一个城市都大。
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
Shanghai is larger than all other cities in China.
Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in
China.
注意：
① 如果不是包含关系，就不能用排除关系的词。
Perhaps Shanghai is larger than any city in Africa.
② 注意对这一句式的理解。它虽然是比较级的句式，但却表达最高级的含义。
活用 单项填空
(1) AIDS is the biggest killer in the world, taking ______ lives each year than ______disease.
A. more; any B. most; any other
C. many; other D. more; any other
解析　考查比较级的句式问题。语义是：艾滋病是世界上最大的杀手，每年所夺去的生命比任何疾病都多。根据语境所表达是在同一范围内比较，所以答案要有排除关系的词，答案是D。
D
(2) The Changjiang River is longer than _____in China.
A. any river B. any other ri