Unit 4复习
一、单词拼写
1. __________ n. 气候
2. __________ n. 生物学家
3. __________ n. 万有引力；重力
4. __________ n. 链子；连锁；锁链
5. __________ n. 卫星；人造卫星
satellite
climate
biologist
gravity
chain
6. _________ n. 球体；地球仪；地球
7. ______________ n. 大气层；气氛
8. __________ v. 乘；增加
9. ________ v. 碰撞；坠落
10. _______ vt.& n. 拉(力)；拖；牵
pull
globe
atmosphere
multiply
crash
11. _________ v.(使)浮动 n. 漂浮物
12. _________ adj. 温和的；文雅的
13. _________ adv. 因此；于是
14. _________ n. 原子
15. _________ n. 氧
oxygen
float
gentle
thus
atom
1. ____________ n. 系统; 体系; 制度

______________ adj. 系统的; 有系统的

______________ adv. 系统地; 有系统地
systematically
system
systematic(al)
二、单词拓展 (A)单词派生
2. _________ n. 谜; 难题 v.(使)迷惑
__________ adj. 困惑的
___________ adj. 令人困惑的

3. _________ vi. 存在；生存
__________ adj. 存在的；生存的
___________ n. 存在；生存
existence
puzzle
puzzled
puzzling
exist
existent
4. _________ n. 暴力; 猛烈
_________ adj. 暴力的; 猛烈的
_________ adv. 粗暴地; 猛烈地

5. _______________________ n. 基础
_____________ adj. 基本的; 基础的
______________ adv. 根本地; 从根本上
fundamentally
violence
violent
violently
foundation/fundament
fundamental
6. ___________ n.&vt.伤害；损害

___________ adj.有害的

___________ adj.无害的
harm
harmful
harmless
1. Playing computer games for a long time is very_________ (harm) to our health.
1. 作表语用形容词, be harmful to 对…有害。

2. Their untrue comments __________ (violence) hurt the feeling of Chinese people.
(B) 灵活运用

harmful
violently
作状语用副词
3. His answer to the question sounds _________ (puzzle) and we are all _________ (puzzle) a lot.
3. 位于系动词后作表语用形容词,前者表示“令人困惑的”, 后者表示“感到困惑的”。
puzzling
puzzled
4. As far as I am concerned, strong will, diligence, and devotion as well as perseverance are four __________ (fundament) factors contributing to success.

5. Few people understand that the _________ (exist) of rare animals is closely related to our life.
作从句的主语
fundamental
existence
作定语用形容词
1. ____________下蛋
2. ____________挡住(光钱)
3. ____________感到高兴; 感到振奋
4. ____________突发; 爆发
三、短语翻译
break out
lay eggs
block out
cheer up
5. ________________密切注视; 当心; 提防

6. ________________阻止; 制止

7. ______________产生; 分娩

8. ______________及时
in time
watch out(for)
prevent ...from
give birth to
9. _______________轮到某人；接着

10. ______________既然

11. ______________依靠

12. ______________结果
as a result
in one’s turn
now that
depend on
原句: They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 恐龙也会下蛋, 而且在地球上存活了超过1.4亿年。(B3 P26)
1. exist vi. 存在, 生存, 生活, 继续存在
例句: This kind of rare animals existed 20,000 years ago. 这种珍稀动物两万年前就存在了。
⑶ We can’t exist without water. That means our ________ (exist) depends on water.
运用
⑴ The little boy cannot exist ___ the money he is earning.
⑵ Matter can exist ___ a solid, liquid or gas.
on
as
existence
原句: How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 生命是如何起源的这个问题是科学家很难解答的最大困惑之一。(B3 P27)
2. puzzle n. 谜; 难题v. (使)迷惑; (使)为难
例句: How he passed the exam is still a puzzle to us. 他如何通过考试的对我们来说还是一个谜。
运用 填入一个恰当的词或完成句子。
⑴ Your explanation was really a puzzle ___ me.

⑵ His recent behavior_________ (使我困惑).
to
puzzles me
原句: They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中, 这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。(B3 P26)
3. prevent /stop /keep...from 阻止/防止……做/发生……
提示: 在主动语态的句子中, stop和 prevent后的from可省略, 但keep后的from不能省略; 在被动语态中, 此三个短语中的from 均不可省略。
比较: protect ...from ... 保护……不受……
例句: The farmer built a wall to prevent his chickens from running out. 那个农民建了围墙来防止鸡跑出去。
运用 根据汉语提示完成句子。
⑴上涨的河水使我们过不了河。
The rising water _________________ _________________ .

⑵人们采取行动来防止了环境的恶化。
People took measures ___________ _______________________________.
原句: Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 重力改变了, 看来走路也的确需要练一练了。(B3 P31)
4. now that 由于; 既然
例句: Now that you are a student, you must obey school rules. 既然你是学生, 你必须遵守学校的规则。
运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。
⑴ 既然大家都来了, 我们就开会吧。
________________________________, let’s begin our meeting.

⑵ 既然已完成了工作, 你就应该好好休息。
You ought to have a good rest _______ ______________________________ .
Now that/Since everybody is here
例句: The man in time caught the bag falling from upstairs. 那个人及时接住了从楼上掉下来的包。
5. in time 及时(=early or soon enough)
原句: They were followed in time by land animals 陆栖动物及时来到陆地。(B3 P26)
提示: in time与on time不同, on time意为“按时, 准时” 是就时间表来办事。in time 是就另一件事来办事。
运用 填入一个恰当的词。
⑴ When our guests arrive at our home, we should serve tea ____ time.

⑵ With many subjects to concentrate on, I failed to finish homework ___ time.
on
in
原句:We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth gravity increased. 因为地球引力增加, 所以当宇宙飞船外边察出火花时我们看呆了。(B3 P31)
6. break out (火灾/战争/地震等)爆发; 发生
例句: The teacher stayed at home when the big fire broke out in the tall building. 当那场高楼大火发生时, 那个老师正呆在家里。
联想 含break的常用短语还有：
运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。
⑴昨天晚上, 两个小偷破门而入小李家, 并偷走了一块手表。
Last night, two thieves ___________ Xiao Li’s home and stole a watch.
broke into
⑵当地震发生时, 大家都在睡觉。
When the earthquake __________, everyone was sleeping in bed.

⑶ ABA 乐队去年解散了,这是我们没有料想到的。
Band ABA _________ last year, which was beyond our expectation.
broke out
broke up
原句: It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水对于生命的发展会起关键作用, 这一点在当时并不明显。(B3 P26)
1. It is obvious that... 显然……(=)
例句: It was obvious that he had been late for school again. 很明显他又迟到了。
短语: be fundamental to 对……是必要的; 对……是根本的
同义: obviously/apparently, … /It is quite clear that...
仿写 根据汉语意思, 完成英文句子。
⑴ 很显然他没有成功。
⑴ It is obvious that he hasn’t been successful
⑵ 显然断电了。
⑵ It is obvious that electricity has been cut off.
⑶ 很明显你的学生昨天没有说实话。
_______________________________ ________________________________
_______ yesterday.
It was obvious that your student didn’t tell you the truth
原句 This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应, 使得生命就有可能开始发展了。(B3 P26)
2. make it + adj. + for sb. to do使某人做某事……
例句 :The present situation makes it difficult for us to accomplish the task on time. 目前的情况使我们很难按时完成任务。
说明: it是形式宾语, 后面的to do才是真正的宾语。
仿写: 根据汉语意思, 完成英文句子。
⑴因特网使我们有可能用很短的时间获知世界上发生的所有的事。
The Internet has _________________ _______________________what happens around the world in much less time.
⑵这本字典使我学习英语容易多了。
The dictionary ________________ _______________________ English.

⑶这座桥使我们很方便过河。
The bridge _____________________ _______________ the river.
原句: When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s. 当我们更接近月球时, 就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是, 月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。(B3 P31)
3. not be/be not as...as... 不如/不像……
仿写: 根据汉语意思, 完成英文句子。
⑴这棵树没有我爷爷50年前种的那棵树高。
This tree is ____________________ _______________________________
例句: Your composition is not as interesting as mine. 你的作文不如我的作文有趣。
⑵这本书没有你写的那本难。
This book ________________________
____________________ .

⑶根据调查, 大部分女生不像男生一样对篮球感兴趣。
According to the survey, most girls ___ ____________________________
is not as difficult as the
one that you wrote
原句: Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved 生命在地球上是否延续数百万年将取决于这个问题能否解决。(B3 P26)
4. whether ... depend on whether ... 某事是否发生取决于是否……
仿写 根据汉语意思, 完成英文句子。
⑴ 我们下周是否进行考试取决于我们是否按时完成了任务。
______________________________________
depends on whether we will finish the task on time.
例句: Whether we will have a picnic depends on whether it is fine tomorrow. 我们明天是否进行野炊取决于明天是否天晴。
Whether we will have an examination
⑵ 我是否嫁给他取决于他是否爱我。
__________________________ depends on whether he loves me.
⑶地球变暖是否加剧取决于我们的活动是否产生更多的二氧化碳。
Whether the global warming will become more serious _______________________ __________________________________
Whether I will marry him
原句: As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. 许多科学家相信这些活动的结果使得地球变得太热而不能居住。(B3 P26)
5. too... to … 太……而不能……
例句: The room is too dark to have a meeting in. 房间太暗了而开不了会。

说明: 例句中的主语the room为have a meeting in 的逻辑宾语, 所以介词in 不能省略。
⑶他太不诚实而不能交朋友。
He is ___________________________ .
仿写
⑴ 这本书太难了我看不懂。
This book is ______________________ for me.
⑵ 这把刀太锋利而不能用来玩。
This knife is ___________________ .
too difficult to understand
too sharp to play with
too dishonest to make friends with
1. 上个星期天, 我家附近的一座大楼发生了一场大火灾。
1. Last Sunday, a big fire broke out in a building near my home.

2. 楼梯到处是烟雾, 这使人们很难逃生。
2. The stair was full of smoke, which made it difficult for people to escape.
3. 一个正要生孩子的妇女被困在10楼。
3. A woman who was about to give birth was trapped on the 10th floor.

4. 一个太老了而不能走的生物学家在向人们求助。
4. A biologist who was too old to walk was turning to people for help.
5. 幸好消防员及时赶到并尽最大的努力营救处于险境的人们。
Luckily, the firemen arrived in time and tried their best to save the people in danger.

6. 依靠他们专业的知识, 消防员很快就阻止了火势的蔓延。
Depending on their professional knowledge, the firemen quickly prevented the fire from spreading.
7. 很明显他们没办法救出所有的人。
It was obvious that they had no way to save all people.

8. 从这个故事, 我们知道我们能否杜绝火灾取决于我们是否有安全意识。
From the story, we know that whether we can stop fire disasters depends on whether we have a sense of safety.
合并：
Last Sunday, a big fire broke out in a building near my home and soon the stair was full of smoke, which made it difficult for people to escape. A woman who was about to give birth was trapped on the 10th floor and a biologist who was too old to walk was turning to people for help. Luckily, the firemen arrived in time and tried their best to save the people in danger.
Depending on their professional knowledge, the firemen quickly prevented the fire from spreading but it was obvious that they had no way to save all people. From the story, we know that whether we can stop fire disasters depends on whether we have a sense of safety.
课文概要
After the “Big Bang”, the universe gradually formed. Later the earth appeared, producing atmosphere